Department of Psychology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/255
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Item The Role of Assertiveness in Exposure to Workplace Bullying among University teachers(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Sawera Farooq; FA19-BPY-055; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 8402Assertiveness can be defined as an effective communication style with the help of which a person expresses his feelings, thoughts, emotions, needs and wants while maintaining rights for himself and respect for others (Suripatty, 2021)." "Assertiveness is an ability to express your feelings, emotions, desires, and needs without violating the rights of others or without being aggressive (Goldfried, 2018). Assertiveness is the best tool for everyone to stand up for their rights without violating others' rights. Assertiveness allows us to communicate constructively and positively without being rude and manipulating them. It allows a person to confidently express his feelings and rights instead of blindly following others' rules. It allows you to recognize your self-worth, competency, and ability to perform a particular task. Everyone needs to adopt this essential social skill to succeed in life. It allows us to respect others and obey their orders at the same time while maintaining for ourselves as well. It allows people to construct boundaries based on their norms, thinking patterns, and feelings and not let others break them. Assertive people don't feel shy while demanding their rights; they can communicate about it confidently. Assertiveness is an essential skill that everyone needs to learn in their life to make their personality solid and practical. (Goldfried, 2018).Item Internet Addiction and Reading Attitude of University students of Lahore, Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Haziqa Inam; FA19-BPY-058; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 8404In an era when the internet dominates society, understanding internet addiction and how it impacts reading attitude is crucial, especially for university students. In this ground-breaking research, the vibrant student population of Lahore, Pakistan, is used to examine the complex relationship between internet addiction and reading attitudes. To fully understand this unique link, a precisely designed correlational study design is used in conjunction with a quantitative research approach. The sample comprises 502 spirited university students, aged 18-25 years (Mean age=20.05, S.D = 1.473), equally distributed across gender meticulously selected from an array of private and government institutions in Lahore. Measures include demographic questionnaire, Internet Addiction scale and Young Adult Reading Attitude scales were used to assess the variables. According to this research's compelling findings, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between internet addiction and reading attitude. Surprisingly, there is a correlation between higher levels of internet addiction and slightly more favorable attitudes towards reading. These results shed insight on the complex relationship between excessive internet use and university students’ perceptions of reading. This study emphasizes how crucial it is to recognize and treat the effects of internet addiction on reading behaviors and attitudes, providing insightful information for researchers, policymakers and educators alike.Item Social Support, Religious Coping, and Psychological Trauma in Flood Victims of Southern Punjab, Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Ayesha Ahsan; FA19-BPY-037; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 8387The present study focused on the association between social support, religious coping, and psychological trauma in flood victims of southern Punjab, Pakistan. In this co- relational study, the sample consisted of 150 (83 men & 67 women) flood victims with ages 29-50 (M=36.79, SD=5.851), selected through a convenient sampling technique. These participants were selected from Rajanpur and DG Khan by directly visiting them. Measures included the demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988), Brief RCOPE (Pargament, 1998), and the Impact of an Event Scale-Revised (IES-R; Wiess & Marmar, 1997). Correlation analysis demonstrated that psychological trauma had a strong negative correlation with social support and increased psychological trauma was associated with decreased social support. Moreover, negative religious coping had a moderate positive correlation with psychological trauma. Stepwise regression analysis also indicated that social support emerged as a strong predictor, demonstrating a negative association with psychological trauma. In addition, positive religious coping also had a significant negative association with psychological trauma, albeit weaker than social support, and negative religious coping was found to have a significant positive association with psychological trauma. The current study suggested that in light of the findings and the importance of social support and religious coping for this population's rehabilitation, mental health practitioners should better target their therapies to meet flood victims’ unique requirementItem Spiritual Intelligence of mothers as a Predictor of Self-Efficacy and Self- Compassion in Adolescents(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Wajeeha Nadeem; FA19-BPY-038; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 8388This study aims to investigate the relationship between the spiritual intelligence of mothers and its impact on the self-efficacy and self-compassion levels of their adolescent children. The study employed a correlational research design, utilizing self-report questionnaires to collect data from a sample of adolescents aged 13 to 19 (M Age=15.88, S.D=2.10) years and their mothers. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) was used to assess the spiritual intelligence of mothers, while the General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were employed to measure the self-efficacy and self-compassion levels of adolescents through convenient and snowball sampling. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between the spiritual intelligence of mothers and the self-efficacy and self-compassion levels of their adolescent children. Adolescents whose mothers exhibited higher levels of spiritual intelligence tended to report greater self-efficacy beliefs and higher levels of self-compassion. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis revealed that the spiritual intelligence of mothers significantly predicted bothself-efficacy and self-compassion in adolescents, even after controlling for potential confounding variables. The presence of spiritual intelligence in mothers may contribute to the development of a secure and nurturing environment, promoting adolescents' belief in their own capabilities and their ability to treat themselves with kindness and understandingItem Objectified Body Consciousness, Selfitis Behavior and Self Esteem in Young Pakistani Women Students(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Sadia Munir; CIIT/SP17-BPY-014/LHR; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 6560This study was carried out with the objective to investigate the predictive relationship of objectified body consciousness and self-esteem with selfitis behavior in young women studying at undergraduate level in universities. It was hypothesized that there will be a significant correlation between study variables and objectified body consciousness and self-esteem will act as predictor of selfitis behavior. A sample of 233 women students aged 18-25 (M age = 21.51, SD =1.79) engaged in selfitis behavior, was selected through convenient sampling technique online from different universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Participants responded to demographic Information form, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley, 1996), Selfitis Behavior (Balakrishnan, 2017) and selfesteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Analysis reveals that there is a significant relation between OBC and selfitis behavior, however, self-esteem was not found to be associated with both variables. Linear regression analysis revealed that OBC and age both are the predictors of selfitis behavior, however, OBC was found to be a stronger predictor of selfitis behavior. This study is unique in a way that it contributes to the society to better understand the objectified body consciousness in young adult women, and its influence to opt any obsessive behavior like selfitis.Item Character Strength Virtues, Mental Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction in two Generations of Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Haleema Sadia; SP17-BPY-007; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 6561The present study was carried out to determine differences between character strengths virtues, mental wellbeing, and life satisfaction among two generations (Y & Z) of Pakistan. It was also aimed to determine gender difference among the three mentioned aspects within a generation. It was hypothesized that i) There will be significant differences in character strength virtues, mental well being and life satisfaction of generation Y and Z; and ii) There will be significant gender differences in character strength virtues, mental well-being and life satisfaction of generation Y and Z. The sample included 198 participants of generation Y (101 male & 97 female, Mage = 32.33, SD = 2.40) with age range 29-37 years and 201 participants of generation Z (81 men & 120 women, Mage = 21.41, SD = 1.99) with age range 16-24 selected through random sampling via online data collection and was recruited from different universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Participants responded to the Global Assessment of Character Strengths-24 (McGrath, 2017), Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing (Braunholtz et al., 2007), and The Satisfaction with Life Scales (Diener et al., 1985). Results indicated that the differences between character strength virtues, mental well-being, and life satisfaction between the two generations were statistically significant. Findings suggest that generation Y is better than generation Z in all the mentioned aspects and further revealed significant gender differences in terms of mental well-being among both generations. Men's mental well-being from both generation y and generation z was found to be better than females of their generation.Item The Impact of Personality Traits on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effectiveness in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Pre-Experimental Study(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Zainab Amjad; CIIT/SP23-RCP-035/LHR; Dr. Muneeba ShakilMajor depression disorder is a prevalent condition that is affecting the mental health of millions of people globally. It varies from ordinary mood fluctuation to chronic condition. Depression can significantly impair the overall functioning and quality of life. In depression, there is an imbalance of the neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. To treat major depressive disorder, there are therapeutic approaches. One of the most popular therapeutic techniques is CBT. It is clinically proven to be one of the best therapeutic techniques in treating depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is efficient in the treatment of depression and alleviating the symptoms of it. It helps in fostering long-term recovery. CBT effectiveness and outcomes vary based on factors like personality traits and individual differences. Everyone is different and has distinct personality traits that make him unique, so CBT outcomes vary (Beck et al., 1979).Item Cultural Formulation and Gender Disparities in Major Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Saba Hakim khan; SP23-RCP-021; Dr. Muneeba ShakilThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cultural formulation on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with respect to gender disparities in Pakistani patients. The study aimed to translate and adapt the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) - Patient Version from English to Urdu, ensuring its cultural and linguistic validity and reliability. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one involved cross-cultural translation of the CFI, following a forward-backward method by bilingual experts. Content validity was assessed by seven independent clinical psychologists, and the final version was pilot-tested on two MDD patients. In Phase Two, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to explore gender differences in depression among 12 purposively selected participants (6 men and 6 women) aged 18-60, diagnosed with mild to moderate MDD. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify cultural influences on gender disparities in MDD. The findings revealed that cultural and societal factors significantly shaped the mental health experiences of men and women differently. Male participants primarily faced pressure due to societal expectations and financial responsibilities, while female participants were more affected by emotional stress related to family expectations and gender roles. Females experienced MDD symptoms due to external factors, such as relationship challenges, whereas males' symptoms were linked to internal conflicts influenced by cultural norms. This study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and gender-specific factors in the assessment and treatment of MDD, to better understand the unique mental health challenges faced by men and women in Pakistan.Item Development and Validation of The Early Life Experiences andAdult Obsessive-Compulsive Tendencies scale(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) MuhammadAyanOmerMalik; CIIT/SP23-RCP-016/LHR; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 9515This research’s focus was to develop and validate “The Early Life Experiences and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Tendencies Scale” (ELE-AOCTS). Aculturally sensitive therapeutic screening tool, designed to identify the impacts of early life factors, including parenting styles, childhood traumas and maladaptive coping strategies on the etiology of obsessive-compulsive tendencies in young adults specifically in the context of Pakistani Culture. The development of “ELE-AOCTS” followed a rigorous methodology, utilizing a mix method approach, dividing the study into five phases, that included purposive sampling in which interview were conducted from eight OCD diagnosed Patients. Succeeded by expert’s content validation by clinical psychologist. The semi structured interview questions were designed in accordance to research's objective, these questions included adverse childhood experiences, parenting styles, coping strategies and family histories. Preliminary set of 29 items were refined by expert evaluation, that was finalized for pilot study (N = 62) and exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis identified three principal factors: “Emotional Neglect, Parental Rejection and childhood stress, “Parental Control, Trauma and Avoidance” “Parental control and Coping Strategies for Illness Symptoms” culminating in a 21item scale. The scale exhibited sound reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71) and test retest stability, affirming its efficacy as a tool for screening out early life experiences that had an effect on Obsessive Compulsive tendencies etiology. Moreover, evaluations of convergent and divergent validity demonstrated the scale's precision. This tool would have great clinical Implications.Item Self-Compassion, Empathy and Helping Attitudes in Employees(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Zainab Tahir Raza; SP17-BPY-011; Dr. Muneeba Shakil; LHR TP 6562The goal of the current study was to find out the relationship between self-compassion, empathy and helping attitudes in employees. It was hypothesized that i) self-compassion is likely to be linked with empathy and helping attitude. ii) a positive indicator of empathy and helping attitude is likely to be self-compassion. iii) gender variations in self-compassion, empathy and helping attitude are likely to occur. A sample of 305 employees aged between 18-51 (M= 30.40, SD= .827) was selected through convenient sampling technique online through google form. Participants responded to demographic Information form, Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF), Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and Helping Attitude Scale (HAS). Analysis reveals that there is a significant positive relation between self-compassion, empathy and helping attitude.