Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/61
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item The Alkali (Li, Na) Based Solid State Ion Conductors Electrolytes for Solid State Batteries(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) ALEEMA MASOOD; CIIT/FA20-RPH-022/LHR; Dr. Rizwan Raza; LHR TP 7983Initially, the energy storage devices based on liquid electrolytes are widely used to provide the continuous channel for energy transportation. Some drawbacks are (environmentally harmful and thermally unstable) that limits their commercial applications. While considering environmental aspects, the researchers move to find the environmental friendly, and thermally stable solid state electrolyte based energy storage devices. In this era, the solid state batteries become a center piece of research as the foremost candidate with great safety concern, high energy densities, cost effective and environmental friendly. In solid state batteries, the alkali based garnet type solid state electrolyte materials are thermally stable, eco-friendly, and have high energy density. In modern world, the consumption of lithium ion batteries surge day by day. There are limited raw resources for lithium, therefore researcher move to stir up to find alternative of lithium. Sodium can be considered as the best alternative of lithium. However, sodium is one of the most abundant element in the earth crust. In this research, alkali based garnet type solid state electrolyte as Li7La3Zr2O12 and Na2La3Zr2O12. The main objective of this work is to examine the ionic behavior, homogeneity, porosity, effect for the slid sate batteries. The x-rays diffraction is used to study the crystal structure of the material. The phase of the synthesized material is examined by high score expert. The prepared material is garnet type material with space group Fd-3m. The scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the morphology of the synthesized electrolyte materials. The cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy are used to determine the charging and discharging rate, and ionic behavior of the materials. The ionic conductivity of both materials has comparable value for Li7La3Zr2O12 observed at room temperature 2.39×10 -6 Scm -1 . The optical band gap of both synthesized materials is analyzed by ultra violet visible spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy technique is used to determine the vibrational energy modes of both synthesized materials.Item DFT Study of Graphene/MoS2 Heterostructure Doped with Lanthanides(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Fakhar Abbas; CIIT/FA20-RPH-034/LHR; LHR TP 7991Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometer scale are utilized in the design, characterization, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems. It can be defined in simple words as “any technology that can be performed on a nanoscale. The range of nano level is about 1 to 100 nanometers. A nanometer (1nm) is a billionth of a meter and it is as small as an atom. Nanotechnology goes beyond the established boundaries between the fields like chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics information technology and engineering disciplines. Nowadays nanotechnology is developing very quickly due to enormous potential to grow new nano materials [3]. The applications of nano materials are increasing day by day and that is the reasonthat we saw many devices in commercial market based on nonmaterial. Nanotechnology is playing key role in development of future electronic devices.Item To Investigate the Absorbed Dose and Consequences of Radiation Therapy in the Surrounding of Cancerous Cell by using High Energy Electron Beam(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Haroon Yaqoob; CIIT/FA20-RPH-016/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 7979It has been long seen that patient given through ionizing radiation bring a chance of emerging a second cancer in their periods. Causes that contribute to the restate of cancer (or may be called second cancer) contains improved cancer being rate by using high radiations as well as developing treatment sense modality. They could enhance healthy tissues that were set aside from the goal volume for secondary experiences. In this paper, the Linear-Quadratic existence model for outside beam radiation therapy is examined through a focus on just how various radiation treatment development strategies can be impacted via various cancer repopulation kinetics. Tumor control probability (TCP) models are used to further analyze the LQ model. A high energy electron beam 6 MeV through linear accelerator is used to strike the target in cancer treatment. In general, radiotherapy has different energy of electron used for cancer treatment which depends on the various factors such as general patient health and history and the stage of the cancer. The major difficulty in the radiation in cancer treatment is that electron beam did not recognize the distinction between healthy and diseased cell. External beam radiotherapy is used to deliver the radiations to the organ. Pelvic organ selected as a target volume. The pelvic organs include surrounding tissues/ organ at risk (OARs) such as per bladder, rectum, small bowl, Left and Right femoral heads. Thus, the purpose of this learning is to analyze and calculate the consequence of high energy electrons on these surrounding tissues of pelvic. Thus Mathematical & biological model, Linear quadratic model (LQM) is used as a tool to calculate the Biological Effective Dose (BED) and Biological Equivalent Dose (EQD2) with dose per fraction 2 for different Organs at Risk (OAR’s) nearer to the pelvic. Moreover, the aim of this analysis is to require a kind of the principles and methods connected to scattered doses (electron beam) surrounding organ to check and optimize the dose plan in radiation therapy by brief a big compilation of dosimetry and medical surveys.Item Barium Hexaferrite: Synthesis and Microwave Properties(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Hina Saleem; FA20-RPH-031; Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 7989Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a big saturation magnetization, high Curie temperature, large permeability, strong resistance, high corrosion resistivity, and good chemical stability are all characteristics of hard magnetic materials. In the present work, Barium hexaferrite has been created using the co-precipitation method (BaFe12O19). The effects of different synthesis parameterslike treatment time and treatment temperature on the structural (crystal structure and microstructure) properties of barium hexaferrite have been studied. The as synthesized magnetic material is characterized by different techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra is used to record to insight the functional bonding, while RAMAN spectra is analyzed to verify the structure of the prepared materialand UV-Vis spectroscopy is used look for the optical related properties of (BaFe12O19). In RAMAN analysis peaks from 600 to 400 cm-1 are due to A1g vibrations of Fe-O bonds at the octahedral 4f2, 2a, and12k sites. In FTIR the sample annealed at 1000oC and 1100oC, it was possible to infer from the curves that the peaks do not significantly change as the annealing temperature is raised., but a different transition percentage. The bands at, 1055cm-1 can be associated with the vibrations in the surfactant molecule and shows the C-H stretching. These changes in the structural parameters will be correlated to the associated changes in the electrical and microwave properties.