Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/61

This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 28

Study of Landau quantization effect over Jeans- Alfven Instability in Dense Plasmas
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) ZAHRA SHAHID; CIIT/SP17-RPH-004/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Jamil; LHR TP 5708
Quantum plasmas have gained significance due to its applications in magnetized/un- magnetized semiconductor and astrophysical plasmas. Quantum effects are usually incorporated through exchange and correlation potential, Bohm potential, Fermi degenerate pressure in the presence or absence of external magnetic field. The electromagnetic waves of low frequency are commonly known as Alfven waves. The modification in the electronic properties of materials as a function of the applied magnetic field are Landau quantization. Henceforth in this thesis studied the Landau Quantization effect over Jeans Instability in Dense Plasma. The self-gravitational or Jeans instability come to play due to the gravitational characteristics of massive species in plasmas. This thesis deals with two scales competing with each other. First, the gravitational time scale associated with massive particles called ion. Second, acoustic time scale. The source of acoustic scale is the lighter particles like electron fluid that exert acoustic pressure outward. If the two scales are comparable then the system will be at equilibrium. On other case, if the acoustic time scale is larger, then the gravitational collapse will take case and if the gravitational time scale is larger than the explosion will take place. In this work the comparative analysis of Jeans and quantum plasmas have analyzed under different conditions. In other words, the macroscopic effects evolved
Sheared Waveguide Analysis in Quantum Plasmas
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Muhammad Ilyas Amin; CIIT/FA17-RPH-053/LHR; Prof. Dr. Muhammad Asif; LHR TP 5732
From literature it is found that the confined plasmas particularly in cylindrical geometry is employed for the study of electrostatic waves propagating along the z-direction. However, the study of a wave in a guided channel propagating at oblique angle is still matter of interest. In this thesis we studied the electrostatic wave with sheared features in the presence of electron quantum effects like Fermi pressure, quantum tunneling and the exchange-correlation potential. The high frequency electrostatic waves have been investigated in electron plasma. These electron high frequency waves are propagating obliquely in the cylindrically bounded magnetized electron plasma. The effects of cylindrical coordinates, magnetic field and obliqueness have significant impact on these electron cyclotron frequencies. The Bessel function of zero and first order effects are observed closely. Quantum parameters are used to check the phase effect on electron cyclotron wave. These results can be helpful for understanding the laboratory plasma.
The Investigation of Electrolytic Properties of Silicon Carbide for Fuel Cell
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muddasir Ammar; FA16-BPH-055; Dr. Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad; LHR TP 5931
This report is devoted to the synthesis of silicon carbide based composite as an electrolyte material for fuel cell. As fuel cell is an efficient device due to its clean energy production. To enhance the efficiency of such type of clean energy devices an efficient electrolyte material is required for its proper working. Silicon carbide is well known because of semiconductor and excellent potential in energy devices due to its better electrical and mechanical properties. It has maximum avalanche breakdown, best thermal conduction, non-oxide behavior, high melting point. In this research project Si-C composite was synthesized by solid state reaction. To study the structural properties of the synthesized samples XRD has been carried out and find out the crystallite size average 28.069nm. Through 4-probe method measured its electrical conductivity which was 0.4Scm-1at 700oC. Then fabricate three-layer pellet like device for fuel cell. Using SiC as electrolyte material, and LNCZ as electrode material. By providing hydrogen as a fuel measure electrochemical behavior of cell. The highest power density was 36 mWcm-2, and maximum 0.68V open circuit voltage.
Sulphide Based Quantum Dots For Energy Devices
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) M. Talha Shahid; FA16-BPH-00; Dr. Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed; LHR TP 5924
Supercapacitors (also known as electrochemical capacitors or ultracapacitors) are a class of electrochemical energy storage devices with advantages including high power density, long cycle life, high dependability, short charging time, and low maintenance cost. The bottleneck of the modern electrochemical capacitors (ECs) in the market is their low energy density compared with that of commercial lithium-ion batteries (120–170 Wh kg−1). In general, ECs can be classified into two main categories based on their charge storage methods:
Cooking Through Solar Oven
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Ayesha Shakeel , Samina Iqbal; FA16-BPH-034 , FA16-BPH-057Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 5925
A unique and different design of double glazed solar oven with flat external reflectors at the top and front and an internal reflector at beneath the L-shaped absorber plate is numerically and parametrically studied. The maximum temperature attained by the internal absorber cavity of oven is within the range of 100-120oC. Overall energy balance on the absorber plate of proposed solar oven is solved by incorporating the effects of top, front and bottom reflectors. CFD simulations are used for the prediction of unknown buoyancy driven convective heat transfer co-efficient from the L-shaped absorber plate to the surrounding glass cover forming and enclosure. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the modeling results which leads to parametric study of solar oven. The effect of different components and various design parameters on the oven’s performance such as no. of glazing, spacing between glazing, thickness of glazing, influence of vertical and horizontal component of absorber plate, top, front and internal reflectors, and effect of absorber plate coatings are also discussed.
Synthesis of iron doped nickel oxide (NiO) by Co- precipitation method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Ayesha Liaqat , Asma Aziz; FA16-BPH-017 , FA16-BPH-047; Dr. Muhammad Idrees; LHR TP 5927
The rapid development of nanotechnology and electronics during this period Ni was an interesting element because it is an oxidized form with semiconductor properties allows several applications, such as gas sensors, painted sensitized photocathodes and electrodes in alkaline batteries. In addition, NiO has recently been used as a resistor Switching (RS) is used as an electrochromic (EC) smart window that saves memory and energy. The study of the transition properties of NiO or Fe-doped NiO in resistive random cassation (RRAM) devices is easily possible using optical or magnetic techniques, so physical properties such as optical or magnetic properties are also of interest in this thesis. In this thesis study, the physical properties of NiO and Fe-Doped NiO were determined experimentally
Precise Edge Detection of diseased cell by using MATLAB
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) MOAZ BIN NAVEED , MUNEEB SALIM; FA16-BPH-079 , FA16-BPH-025; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 5929
Edge Detection mainly aims at detecting the points in an image which is digital where its brightness change or in other terms ,the one which has discontinuous.it is the basic tool in the case of image processing and machine learning. In our project we collect the DICOM images of the brain affected by a disease known as multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. Different parts of the brain are affected by the MS diseases. This research is particularly designed to diagnose the brain disorder and analysis of the existence of abnormality in the surrounding or adjacent areas of the targeted tissues (abnormal part). This research will be helpful for radiologists for the treatment of abnormality in the targeted area(Lesions) and also in the adjacent areas. It will be helpful for the treatment of abnormality in the different tissues of the body.
Study the structural and optical properties of strontium doped cobalt ferrite
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Usama Zahid; FA16-BPH-045; Dr. Amina Mir; LHR TP 5932
AD5933 IC is a high precision impedance converter system. The AD5933 was considered to be a low-cost alternative for impedance analysis in small-scale medical applications. In this article, it is used for detection of bio electrical impedance. Design of control circuit based on STM32 microprocessor is described. The system is operated from a PC, and the software required for operation and control has been developed.
Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles with Arabic gum via Hydrothermal Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Laiba Hussain; FA16-BPH-004; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 5922
Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method. Arabic gum was used as reductant and steric-stabilizer both without any other material. Nano particles less than 100 nm have made an excellent impact in biomedical applications like diagnostic and medical devices for personalized health care particles. Silver nano particles with various characteristics can be-obtained by adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of Arabic gum and silver nitrate. Sample products were characterized by FTIR, SEM and X-RD measurements. It was noticed that temperature and Arabic Gum played an important role in the synthesis-of silver nano particles. Well dispersed and fine form of silver nano particles were obtained under the conditions of 0.5 mmol/L AgNo3 m(Ag)/m(AgNo3)=1:1, 160 0C for 3hrs. We discussed the chemical cytoxicity and Plasmonic properties of nano particles and also the current application of AgNps.
Development Of Cobalt Disulfide Through Microwave
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Soha Iqbal , Anam Pervez; FA16-BPH-013 , FA16-BPH-015; Dr. Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 5935
Global warming is a major issue in a modern era due to greenhouse gases. Fossil fuel energy creates serious environmental, economic and resource deficiency problems. Such sources which generate and store electrical energy with the benefit of free, economical and biodegradable greenhouse gases are needed. With the development of nanotechnology, the modern world is shifting from old sources of energy to more efficient and sustainable sources of energy. In this research work, super capacitors electrodes are produced using a composite of CoS2 and natural fiber with improved power and energy density. The powder of CoS2 is prepared through microwave assisted method. The structural properties of cobalt disulfide are analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. Octahedron-shaped CoS2 crystals have been successfully fabricated through a simple hydrothermal route without any surfactant or template. The well- defined octahedral structures are highly uniform with a mean edge length of ~ 360 nm and exhibit a high geometric symmetry. The mechanism for the evolution process of the final octahedral structures is researched and proposed to begin with a growth and self-aggregation process. When electrochemically investigated as electrode materials for super capacitors, the as- fabricated CoS2 electrode shows typical pseudocapative properties with a specific capacitance of 236.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. Remarkably, it exhibits an excellent cycling stability at 2 A g-1 with only a loss of 7.4% in the specific capacitance after 2000 cycles.
Salt-Water Batteries as anAlternative Energy Source
(2020) Zahra Munir , Faiza Riaz; FA16-BPH-033 , FA16-BPH-080; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 5926
The Energy-sector plays a vital role in ensuring all-round development and growth of economy of a nation. Pakistan, despite the enormous potential of its energy resources, remains energy- deficient and must rely heavily on imports to satisfy its needs.This project is to find the best solution of salt-water as an electrolyte in battery cell for power generation. In order to generate a power source, the method of electrolysis was applied by using Iron and Copper as the negative and positive terminals respectively, the solution of salt-water as an electrolyte and Copper (II) sulphate (CuSO 4) as an additive. There were three conditions of experiment that were carried out;i) changing size of Iron strips and Copper strips, ii) changing volume of salt-water, iii) different amount of Copper (II) sulphate (CuSO 4). In the first condition, the result showed that the bigger the size of Copper strips, the higher the current value produced. While in the second condition, there was not much effect produced in current and voltage values. In the third condition, the addition of CuSO 4 gave a large positive impact on the power cell. Judging by this experiment, it is decided to inject some amount of CuSO4 in the electrolysis. The main reason of injecting CuSO 4 into the electrolysis was to boost up the current value. Thus, the results showed that the combination of abundant amount of salt-water with limited amount of Copper (II) sulphate solution (CuSO 4) was a viable alternative source for future power cell generation.
Di-electric and Band gap characterized of Indigenously Collected natural fibers.
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) FAZEELA BASHARAT , MUHAMMAD UZAIR SHAFIQ; FA16-BPH-070 , FA16-BPH-019; Dr. Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 5933
Due to increase in demand for energy storage in today’s society, the development of inexpensive, flexible and light weight energy storage device is essential. In this respect, paper-based energy storage devices are highly being preferred. The aim of this thesis to evaluate the use of Banana, Papaya and Q2 source. Banana, Papaya and Q2 source are used for paper-based energy storage devices. We report the band gap and dielectric properties of indigenously collected natural fibers, by having the sources of Banana, Papaya and Q2 source. By making the sheets of the sources with 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% bleaching. Afterwards, their characterization Impedance, bending effect, energy storage capacity, dielectric properties are observed by having the equal weight of the entire sheets. Dielectric properties increased when we increased the fiber content because the no. of polar groups increased. Di-electric constant, dissipation factor, di-electric loss factor of natural fibers was high at low frequency. Di-electric values decreased when frequency increased for all hybrid composites. Photonic band gap fibers are similar to electron wave motion which is analyzed by Bloch formulation. Effect of design parameters are also observed in terms of variations of allowed and forbidden bands of band gap fibers. I concluded that banana is the best source in terms of flexibility for energy storage applications.
Isolation of lignin/cellulose Fibers from Self growing Plants from Indigenous sources
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Marwa , Samia Akhtar , Sidra Naz; FA16-BPH-030 , FA16-BPH-031 , FA16-BPH-029; Dr. Amir Razaq; LHR TP 5930
Due to increase in demand for energy storage in today’s society, the development of inexpensive, flexible and light weight energy storage device is essential. In this respect, paper-based energy storage devices are highly being preferred. In this work, we report the fabrication and performance of super capacitors made from carbonized peanut shells and sugarcane which are renewable materials with a huge annual yield and are usually discarded directly by people. With proper treatment, peanut shells could be used for many applications. The aim of this thesis to evaluate the use of peanut shell flour and crushed wasted sugarcane cellulose fibers and conductive polymers i.e. polyaniline and polypyrene are used for paper-based energy storage devices. Two conductive composite paper materials were developed by covering the individual lignocelluloses fibers obtained from the peanut shells and sugarcane plant with a conducting polymer (Polyaniline, polypyrrole) coating.
Solar Oven/ Cooker
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Aqsa Azam , Misbah Amjad; FA16-BPH-067 , FA16-BPH-068; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 5928
Solar cooking technology is a global response to poverty and the humiliation of climate, but very little work is conducted into the effect of using solar ovens on biomass fuel consumption. We design a solar oven/ cooker. The solar oven/cooker highly dependent on sunlight. It can cook or fried various things decently. This study evaluates the use of solar ovens and wood consumption in both rainy and dry seasons in northern Nicaragua, using surveys, temperature data loggers, and direct fuel wood use measurement. Owners of solar ovens recorded 79 percent use during the dry season and 41 percent of days during the rainy season. Oven temperature records recorded use during the dry season for 50 percent of days, and 16 percent of days during the rainy season. However, wood consumption measurements showed no statistically significant differences between days with solar furnace use and days without, suggesting that the frequency of use alone is not an appropriate proxy for fuel savings. Results of the survey suggest that, as opposed to replacing it, a large part of the use of solar furnaces came in addition to the cooking of biomass. These results suggest a need to further study the consumption of wood in situ and focus more on the specific types of foods prepared in solar cookers, as well as local cultural and climate conditions.
Synthesis And Characterization Of SrFeO3 Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Usama Zahid , Muhammad Ikram; FA16-BPH-065 , FA16-BPH-023; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 5936
In the past decade, magnetic nanoparticles have much attention due to their properties and technological applications. Strontium ferrite (SrFeO3) particles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The ferrite precursors have produced from aqueous mixtures of iron nitrate and strontium nitrate by co-precipitation, using potassium hydroxide aqueous solutions as precipitant. As above synthesis of strontium ferrite nanoparticles has prepared by co-precipitation method using iron nitrate and strontium nitrate and potassium hydroxide at different temperatures. The synthesis is characterizing by X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The x-ray points out the being formed SrFeO3 structure. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy point out functional group of particles and absorption related to metal oxygen vibration modes. This co-precipitation method allows a large-scale production of SrFeO3nanoparticles easily. The powder looks brownish.
DFT study of positive LiMnPO4 electrode material of Li-ion battery
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Fakhar Abbas , Ammar Zamir; FA16-BPH-044 , FA15-BPH-077; Dr.JunaidAmjad; LHR TP 5934
In this DFT calculations, diffusion of li ions in LiMnPO4 has been studied by using first principle and harmonic transition state theory. We have calculated the diffusion barrier and forward and reverse diffusion rates for diffusion mechanism in LiMnPO4. The results were in agreement with the literature value. Further improvement can be done by changing the exchange correlation potential and geometry optimization parameters while performing DFT calculations. Current work can be modified by using the doped LiMnPO4 material with transition metals
Fabrication and Characterization of organic paper electrode with Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Farzana Bashir , Fatima Haider; FA16-BPH-051 , FA16-BPH-064; Dr. Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 5923
As the demand for energy storage is increased in today’s society, and the, flexible and light weight energy storage device is essential. In this way, paper-based energy storage devices are highly being reported The aim of this thesis to evaluate the use of banana fiber coating with NAOCL solution The banana fiber sheet was not accurate there was too much fiber in sheet and not flexible. Than we use 4g of dry orange peel powder in powder form we prepare 5M solution of sulphuric acid total volume of solution was 100ml and dissolve 4g orange peel dry powder wash acid until ph. become normal and make sheet. The composite sheets were so flexible that can bend into any geometric shape and can cut with the help of scissor. Than coating the sheet with 5g of Fecl3 and 0.5ml pyrrole. The composites sample LC/ PPY was further characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) According to the results of CV it was concluded that it is very good conductor orange peel is the best source in terms of flexibility and showing good electrochemical response for energy storage applications.
Fabrication and synthesis of Graphene Based Material through Microwave Assisted Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) IHSAN ABBAS; CIIT/ SP19-RPH-013/LHR; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 7235
Graphene nanoparticles have been used at industrial level, coating and drug delivery. Due to quick response time it is used for solar panels. Presently, energy dearth around the globe arises as a paramount subject to be solved. The rapid demand of energy consumption leads the research direction towards development of highly functional energy devices along with ease of utility. Also the choice of high efficiency materials becomes a crucial counterpart analogue to other factors of device fabrication in energy applications. Modern industries are striving to achieve highly effective, in this study, Graphene sheets were prepared by microwave assisted method with variation in stirring time. The prepared material was characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman and CV.
Barium Hexaferrite: Synthesis and Microwave Properties
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Hina Saleem; FA20-RPH-031; Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 7989
Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a big saturation magnetization, high Curie temperature, large permeability, strong resistance, high corrosion resistivity, and good chemical stability are all characteristics of hard magnetic materials. In the present work, Barium hexaferrite has been created using the co-precipitation method (BaFe12O19). The effects of different synthesis parameterslike treatment time and treatment temperature on the structural (crystal structure and microstructure) properties of barium hexaferrite have been studied. The as synthesized magnetic material is characterized by different techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra is used to record to insight the functional bonding, while RAMAN spectra is analyzed to verify the structure of the prepared materialand UV-Vis spectroscopy is used look for the optical related properties of (BaFe12O19). In RAMAN analysis peaks from 600 to 400 cm-1 are due to A1g vibrations of Fe-O bonds at the octahedral 4f2, 2a, and12k sites. In FTIR the sample annealed at 1000oC and 1100oC, it was possible to infer from the curves that the peaks do not significantly change as the annealing temperature is raised., but a different transition percentage. The bands at, 1055cm-1 can be associated with the vibrations in the surfactant molecule and shows the C-H stretching. These changes in the structural parameters will be correlated to the associated changes in the electrical and microwave properties.
Electrodeposition of Metallic Nanoparticles on Flexible Tin Sulfide based Paper Electrodes for Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Sadaf Manzoor; CIIT/SP20-RPH-060/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7719
This research aspires to have an unconventional and alternative source for flexible and bendable energy storage devices that has proved very useful to meet the demand of today’s energy crises. It is very interesting to use natural self-growing plant’s lignocellulose that are very abundant on earth and convert them in the form of paper-based electrodes. Fibers from papaya stem were taken and then dried, which were then treated in a solution to make flexible and smooth sheet. Addition of LC fiber makes the working electrode flexible, low cost and environmentally friendly for flexible energy storage applications. Tin sulphide (SnS) is a promising new material for use in several energy storage applications with a direct energy band gap of about 1.3 eV. Due to inherent rigid structure Tin sulfide cannot employ for modern flexible energy storage applications therefore, the composites of metal sulfides with the natural fibers will helpful to produce the flexible matrix for metal sulfides Poor conductivity of SnS/LC based flexible sheets were addresses by the electrodeposition of nanoparticles (i.e., MnS, Se-2) on fabricated sheets. The fabrication of Tin Sulfide based paper electrode results in boosting up the energy storage properties mainly its conductivity. Due to increment in energy storage properties, these electrodes have vast application in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and sodium ion Batteries etc. These fabricated composites can be used further as flexible electrodes in energy storage applications because of enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed. CV results shows the at 100mvs materials with greater area under the curve has larger capacitance.