Department of Electrical Engineering
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Item Attitude Control Of Satellite Using Computationall(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Shah Rukh Ahmad,; CIIT/FA12-MSEE-011/LHR; Dr. Mujtaba H. Jaffery, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]Attitude control System (ACS) of spacecraft performs the attitude control to counter the effects of disturbances present in the space environment. MPC (Model Predictive Control), controller is a control algorithm which uses the mathematical model of the plant and also considers input and output constraints for the calculation of optimal control law in real-time. The issues with the conventional MPC are its computational time and feasibility at each sampling instant. The larger computational time and infeasible optimization solution in real-time applications is a cause of concern. Previous work has only considered the implementation of MPC by considering the inputs constraints. The use of MPC to consider output constraints and effect of feasibility and computation time has not been explored. Therefore computationally efficient two variant algorithms of MPC i.e., Optimal MPC (OMPC) and Laguerre OMPC (LOMPC), have been selected as control algorithms to study feasibility and computational time by linking dual mode, closed-loop paradigm and Laguerre function techniques for linear and non-linear model. Linear model approximates non-linear model because of small angle approximations. Also changes in satellites attitude angles because of disturbances fall in the domain of small angles approximation regions. The effect of changing the position of Laguerre Poles on the closed loop performance and computation time was explored. The input constraints were considered on the control torque, whereas output constraints were considered for roll, pitch and yaw angles. The conclusion is that the in the case of linear approximated model, use of OMPC algorithms with Laguerre functions improves computational time. Both OMPC and LOMPC do not affect the closed loop performance even if infeasible solutions are produced. When OMPC and LOMPC algorithms were applied to the non-linear model, diverging non-zero steady-state errors were introduced and plant became unstable. It was evident from the results that OMPC and LOMPC were not able to control the non-linear model.Item To Design Hybrid AC-DC Droop Controller For Load(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2019) Ahsan Nadeem,; FA15-REE-001; Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6849In the 21st century there are several issues with the current electrical power system, such as production of green house gasses and losses (transmission line and conversion losses) that reduced the efficiency of power system. Currently, DC load demand of applications, such as telecom exchange networking system and electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing. In conventional power system, these loads are connected to main grid through converters. Moreover, diesel generators based backup solutions for telecom exchanges have several disadvantages, such as non-reliable starting of generator in cold weather conditions, maintenance of the generator, and exhaustive fumes. Furthermore, in recent times the use of EVs is increasing rapidly and now work place required to have own EV fast charging docking stations; therefore, in our simulation we consider the DC load of employees EVs along with the DC load of telecom exchange. A hybrid AC-DC micro-grid based on distributed generations is proposed as a suitable solution to reduce the multiple reverse conversions within the telecom exchange. For hybrid AC-DC micro-grid, we develop a droop controlled scheme that manage the power flow between AC and DC electrical networks by enforcing the normalized value of frequency equal to the normalized value of voltage of DC micro-grid. The controller provides, need based power sharing between AC and DC grids and enhance operational reliability of the network. The hybrid AC-DC micro-grid presented in this report is an effective solution to eliminate the excessive voltage conversion problem of telecom exchanges along with an efficient fast charging system for the EVs.Item Dynamic Adjustments Of Threshold Temperatures(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2019) Muhammad Ibtesam; , FA15-REE-004 Contributor(s); : Dr. Naeem Shahzad, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5432This research work addresses the issues of thermal emergencies in real-time embedded system using scheduling based algorithms. The algorithms considers execution of periodic task sets including both independent and dependent tasks over homogeneous multi-core processors without violating deadlines. We propose two algorithms in this work. The first one adjusts the thermal threshold values based on the processor utilization to reduce thermal peaks and thermal spatial gradients for independent periodic task sets. The second algorithm is a DVFS enabled load-balancing algorithm for execution of dependent periodic task sets to reduce the temperature peaks and spatial gradients. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in a simulation environment using a scheduling and thermal model for synthetic and bench marks techniques. The used hardware platform comprises four and eight cores. The results show that GTAI with 74ºC threshold reduces average temperature up to 6ºC and maximum temperature spatial gradient was reduced by 33% as compared to benchmarks techniques. The DVFS enabled DFS was able to decrease peak temperature by 31% and temperature spatial gradients by almost 50% in a 4-Core system.Item Modeling And Implementation Of Converter Based(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2019) M. Hussaan Khan , M. Zahab Rashid,; FA15-BTE-036 , FA15-BTE-052; Nisma Saleem, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5887Reliability and cost-effectiveness are the main reasons behind the extensive use of induction machines in industry. However, major drawback of Induction machine is that they draw reactive power. Several techniques were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machine. In recent years, Rectifiers and Inverters were introduced and gained a lot of attention and helped in improving the Dynamic performance and Power Factor of an Induction machines. In this project, a Converter-based circuit is designed and attached with an Induction machine in order to explore the Dynamic performance and to improve the Power Factor of machine. A model is designed in SIMULINK and its performance is judged. Then an experiment is conducted by implementing the same model on induction machine. Different parameters are observed like efficiency, Power Factor and Dynamic performance of Induction machine (which includes starting, loading, load changing, capacitor voltage, rotor current, stator current and speed). However, simulated and experimental results should showcase an agreement. Moreover, the above-implemented technique is compared with previous Power Factor improvement techniques, which were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machinesItem Automatic Yogurt Filling And Packing Machine(COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Lala Iqbal Khokhar , Muhammad Ahmed Butt , Mubas,; FA15-EEE-006 , FA15-EEE-009 , FA15-EEE-012 , FA15-EEE-020; Ayesha Ali; LHR TP 5890This project deals with the automation of an industrial machine that involves filling and packaging of yogurt in plastic containers. The project reduces the food wastage and increases the hygiene by limiting human interaction with the processes involved. The automation is done by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and interfaced through a Human Machine Interface (HMI) along with the application of sensors and actuators. At first the machine places two cups at a time into circular belt and starts the rotation of conveyor belt. Then, it passes cups under ultra-violet (UV) light to sterilize the cups. In the next stage desired amount of volume is filled in the containers which can be changed according to the cup size and an aluminum foil is placed on top of it which is then sealed with the help of the heater. The containers are then lifted up, pushed onto the linear conveyor belt next to the main belt and is passed under stamping process. The proposed design is capable of filling around 12000 containers of yogurt during 12 hours of working. In the same duration only 3000 to 3500 cups are produced if performed manually. The project is accurate in its operation for filling precise volume of yogurt such that error does not exceed 4.5% of the desired volume. The automation results in eliminating labor cost of around 70,000 rupees on this scale. The project delivered a safe and hygienic environment that can perform the task of filling and packing of the food that is more than three times of the manually performed similar task. The project produces precise results with the features of clean-in-place (CIP), a process of cleaning internal parts of pipes and containers without disassembly. One other feature is the emergency stop button that is designed to interrupt power supply to the machine. This emergency button is useful if there is a malfunction in the processes of machine regarding filling or some other mechanical faults. The project concludes efficient productivity in terms of cost and time.Item Modeling And Implementation Of Converter Based(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2019) M. Hussaan Khan , M. Zahab Rashid; , FA15-BTE-036 , FA15-BTE-052; Nisma Saleem, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5887Reliability and cost-effectiveness are the main reasons behind the extensive use of induction machines in industry. However, major drawback of Induction machine is that they draw reactive power. Several techniques were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machine. In recent years, Rectifiers and Inverters were introduced and gained a lot of attention and helped in improving the Dynamic performance and Power Factor of an Induction machines. In this project, a Converter-based circuit is designed and attached with an Induction machine in order to explore the Dynamic performance and to improve the Power Factor of machine. A model is designed in SIMULINK and its performance is judged. Then an experiment is conducted by implementing the same model on induction machine. Different parameters are observed like efficiency, Power Factor and Dynamic performance of Induction machine (which includes starting, loading, load changing, capacitor voltage, rotor current, stator current and speed). However, simulated and experimental results should showcase an agreement. Moreover, the above-implemented technique is compared with previous Power Factor improvement techniques, which were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machines.Item Neural Network Based Gesture Identification System(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2020) By: Zoolnurain , Anas Idrees , Ali Raza, Contributor; FA15-EEE-033 , FA15-EEE-032 , FA15-EEE-002; Muhammad Usman Rafique,; LHR TP 5864Physically disabled individuals like deaf, mute and patients suffering from various disabilities require an effective communication device to make them independent. Traditionally flex sensors-based gloves have been used to identify the gestures of Sign languages. Current work is limited to only one glove used for capturing the gesture. ,Gesture recognition in the 3D environment has been a challenging task. The problem can be solved using Machine Learning techniques to separate the true gesture from the false gesture. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop a portable universal communication device to assist patients with disabilities and provide them with better standards of living. One of the goals of this project is to implement and compare the performance of Neural networks to identify the true gesture. The system will use sign language (gestures identification from flex sensors) to communicate with people around them. The data will then be analysed in Matlab based machine learning environment to identify the performance of Machine learning algorithms. This proposal will also look into the feasibility of implementing machine learning algorithms in Android phones for gesture recognition.