Department of Electrical Engineering

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Module level power electronics in distrubted power system for solar PV application
(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 0022) Muhammad Talha Naveed; , SP20-REE-015; Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Javed; LHR TP 7895
hotovoltaic (PV) solar energy is as promising as other renewable energies. Different researchers and engineers are attempting to increase the efficiency of solar PV system. As a result, for PV modules, this enhancement may be accomplished at almost the same level. As is well known, solar PV systems are less efficiency as a result of changing climatic conditions. Module-level power electronics (MLPE) do this by providing the performance improvements of a distributed transmission system in both partial and full shading conditions. As a result, MLPE successfully harvests the distributed maximum power point (DMPP) from solar to accept DC from PV or the grid. Each PV module is connected to the power system via a separate dc/dc converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) capabilities in the DMPP scheme. Each PV panel has a built in power optimization or micro-inverter that helps it work better in partial shade. In order to design the MLPE the efficiency of contemporary string inverters are comparing. The efficiency may be measured in a variety of situations, including uniform irradiation and partial shade. As a result, a DC-DC converter that is attached to each PV module is required to offset shading losses. The optimizer identifies the Local peak using a DC-DC converter from the unit, shuts down the modules during fire situations, troubleshoots, and monitoring a module in a highly efficient manner in this work. On the Matlab software tool, the effectiveness of the proposed power optimizer is displayed. To calculate efficiency, several firms such as SMA, Solar Edge, Huawei, Tigo, and Enphase can use helioscope to compare production and loses data. The results suggest that MLPE produces superior outcomes.
Nowcasting of RSSL in wireless communication channel over the sea using machine learning algorithms
(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 0023) Farwa Jafar,; FA20-REE-005; Dr. Khurram Zaidi; LHR TP 7896
The presence of naturally occurring evaporation duct (ED) phenomenon is very high in the tropical/equatorial regions of the world. Although, refractivity estimation of EM and Radio waves in ED is well studied in the literature, still, the signal propagation through ED over-the-horizon needs to be thoroughly researched to help determine the received-signal-strength-level (RSSL) for a reliable wireless communication link. In order to accurately predict RSSL in ED, we have acquired RSSL (avg.) per-minute data for three months over-the-horizon distance of 50 km (Tx-Rx) from onshore-to-offshore Oil & Gas Platform. This data was collected using fixed antenna heights in ED. Applying deep learning algorithms on real-time RSSL data, we have nowcasted the future RSSL values for next 5 seconds timescale in this thesis. A thorough comparison is made between the CNN and LSTM deep learning methods for real-time series prediction analysis. These deep learning networks are linked with numerous convolution layers to grasp the nonlinear mapping between measured and future RSSL values. Coding and Simulation work is performed in Python 3.9 environment and results are generated in Kaggle Notebook. CNN and LSTM networks have never been used earlier for predicting “signal strength” over-the-horizon and over-the-sea under ED environment. The contribution of this research is to bridge this gap and examine the accuracy of LSTM and CNN for nowcasting RSSL data. According to what we've discovered, both of these neural network models are capable of achieving adequate to high prediction power given that the "datasets" are suitably big. Both methods, when taken as a whole, are reliable with regard to their hyperparameters. However, with increasing number of training courses, LSTM didn’t improve its performance, whereas CNNs performed correspondingly more accurate each time. For 3rd training, CNN has given the most optimal fitting of training data as compare to test data. The RMSE achieved for CNN after third training was 4.47 which is the least of all simulations. Hence, CNNs proved to be superior, since they operate one order of magnitude quicker than LSTM. We proposed that the early predictive capability, speed, and resilience of CNN open its door to nowcasting’s future.
Malpractices in Fast food industry of Pakistan
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2010) SYED HAMZA ATHER; CIIT/SP15-MBO-008/LHR; MS. TAHIRA UMAIR; LHR TP 4750
Fast food referred as straightforwardly arranged processed foodstuff served in restaurants as a swift meal or to be taken away. It has become one of the major industries in the world due to rapid increase in popularity and number of customers. Fast Food can be prepared quickly that’s why getting popularity among customers. Fast food restaurants have become gradually more well-liked in Pakistan as well. Fast food business of Pakistan is the next leading as it accounts for 27% of its value added production and 16% of the total employment in modern segment with an estimated 180 million customers with rising incomes. Pakistan is the world’s 8th biggest marketplace when it comes to fast food and other foodstuff connected businesses (Sanober, 2014). On an average the fast food industry in Pakistan as well as the tendency of consumption behavior of the locals in the state is rising by almost 21% yearly, which predicts rapid expansion in fast food business. Pakistanis spend at least Rs.90 billion on dining out each year. (Farooq, 2012)
GSM Based Monitoring And Control Of Water Pump System
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2013) Ali Yusaf Khan , Saim-U-Dher , Rizwan Jaffar , She; SP09-BTE-014 , SP09-BTE-050 , SP09-BTE-068 , SP09-BTE-074; Miss Arsla Khan
In this project, we are developing a system that will provide and monitor the functioning parameters of a remotely placed water pump. Sometimes, the user is not present on the actual location of the system. For that, he will have to connect wirelessly with the system. The project is designed to take into account values of temperature and voltage of pump. It also gives the opportunity of controlling the flow of water pumping through the pump. The system will work using GSM technology in which a mobile user will send an SMS to the water pump system and request certain values. The user may also send commands to change the flow of water.
Student Accomodation
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2014) Daniyal Zafar; CIIT/FA11-BAR-006/LHR; Dr. Amna Naveed Assistant Profesor; LHR-TP-4507
The whole purpose of the project revolves around designing a community that includes residence for the young people especially for the students who come from outside Lahore. To be successful, the design of student accommodation needs not only to provide the right environment for living and studying but also promote social and academic interaction.
Mixed Use Development In Lahore
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2014) Sajjad Fahim; CIIT/FA11-BAR-039/LHR; Dr. Taimur Sarwar, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 4509
Mixed-use development in Lahore integrates residential, commercial, cultural, and recreational functions within a single urban framework to address rapid population growth, traffic congestion, and land-use inefficiencies. By promoting vertical development, walkability, and shared infrastructure, mixed-use projects aim to reduce urban sprawl and enhance economic vitality. In Lahore’s context, such developments also respond to heritage sensitivity, climatic conditions, and evolving lifestyle patterns. Effective mixed-use planning can contribute to sustainable urban growth, improved quality of life, and more efficient use of limited urban land in the city.
Recovery Of Hydrogen From 5500 Nm3/Hr Ammonia
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2014) Muhammad Abdul Qyyum; FA10-BEC-041; Asim Laeeq Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5920
Every atomic element ever in the history of the universe began as a H2 atom that had undergone nuclear fusion within a star. In other words, every one of us is a byproduct of H2. It is mainly used in the synthesis of nitric acid, which is used in fertilizers and explosives. There are many processes from which we can produce NH3 including Haber process, Cryogenic process, NH3 from natural gas, Electrolysis, Partial oxidation, Adiabatic reforming, Coal gasification. In this project, we have separate H2 from NH3 purge gas using Poly Sulfone Membrane Technology. In ammonia production, hydrogen and nitrogen are reacted at high pressure to form ammonia. Since the conversion per pass is not 100%, the reactor is operated in loop mode. In the processes, a purge stream from an ammonia synthesis loop, which purge stream contains NH3, is contacted at a super atmospheric pressure with the feed side of a separation membrane which exhibits selective permeation of each of hydrogen and ammonia as compared to the permeation of each of methane and argon. A total pressure differential across the membrane is maintained to provide a driving force for the permeation of H2 and NH3 through the membrane. A H2-rich permeating gas which contains ammonia is obtained on the permeate exit side of the membrane. T
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR DSL SYSTEM
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2014) Usman Waheed,H.M.Naveed LHR TP 1368; Nabeel Irfan , H.M.Hassan Malik , Sadaf Naureen , Performance Comparison Of Equalization Techniques Madam Arsla Khan LHR TP 4059; FA10-BTE-069 , FA10-BTE-031 , FA10-BTE-089 , FA10-BTE-009; H.M.Asif; LHR TP 1368
A Research On Clock-Synchronous Sleep And Wake
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2016) Usama Masood; FA12-MSEE-018; Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6980
A Research on Clock-Synchronous Sleep and Wake Scheduling Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks Network Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of a unique set of resources like on-board battery and wireless communication devices with limited bandwidth. WSN offers a wide range of applications for monitoring space or targets. WSN is capable of performing simple processing tasks like tracking, detection of an event, or classification and may consist of multiple nodes that can process the information and communicate with nearby nodes in real-time for environmental monitoring, event detection, surveillance, object tracking, battlefield situation monitoring, and data collection etc. However, there are certain limitations in deploying WSN efficiently such as in terms of limited power resource for a single node in WSN, limited processing capability and varying network life time. It had been shown that wireless communication to and from sensor nodes consumes significantly more battery power in comparison to power expended in sensing, computation and memory access procedures. One of the possible solutions to this problem is to communicate as sparingly as possible through efficient sleep/wake scheduling for WSN nodes to extend node and network lifetime. A major research issue in WSN is to develop an energy efficient MAC protocol that not only provides increase in network lifetime but also addresses latency. In this research, a new MAC protocol is designed using sleep/wake scheduling for WSN. Though energy consumption in WSN is unavoidable due to communication necessity and for different stages like idle listening, retransmission, channel sensing and overhearing; this proposed protocol will help in decreasing this energy consumption. Energy efficiency and latency of the proposed sleep/wake scheduling scheme is evaluated and compared with the state of the art research. An AEL (Accounting for Energy and Latency) factor is introduced which is the deciding element for active and sleep cycles of the node. This said AEL factor defines the minimum duty cycle among the network nodes and is specified prior to nodes deployment depending upon application requirements. In the proposed protocol, the nodes adjust their duty cycles according to this AEL factor depending upon traffic load, their position and their connectivity in the network. The effect of this AEL factor on energy efficiency and delay is evaluated for different network densities in this research thesis. While incorporating sleep/wake scheduling for energy efficiency, delays are added in the network to route packet from node towards sink. Therefore, it is necessary to address latency for MAC protocol especially for delay constrained applications. This research thesis focuses on sleep/wake scheduling scheme ensuring energy efficiency, decreased latency and increased network lifetime by selecting an appropriate AEL value. The research includes the comparison of the proposed protocol with state of the art research and has shown significant percentage improvements in energy efficiency and delay from S-MAC and Anycast protocol
Output Feedback FTC Scheme For Linear Parameter
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2016) Izhar Ul Haq; , FA13-MSEE-006; Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6820
The proposed research has been carried out for an Active Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) of Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems using output feedback mechanism. Output feedback is a practical approach due to the fact that all the plant states are not accessible or measurable, therefore estimating the unknown states and maintaining the closed loop stability in an LPV framework is closer to the control of nonlinear systems. At the same time, it utilizes the mature nature of linear control theory. In this research, LPV observers in LMI framework have been designed for affine LPV plant, using two different LPV approaches namely affine and polytopic, in order to estimate the unknown states. These estimated states are used as a feedback to LPV controller. Integral sliding mode controller in LPV framework has been designed along with control allocation scheme to control the controlled states as well as to counter for actuators faults and failures. It has been assumed that Fault Detection and Isolation unit, also called FDI, is providing updated actuator faults or failures information to the control allocation (CA) scheme. Detailed performance and stability of the proposed control scheme has been checked in fault-free case, i.e. nominal condition, as well as in the situation when actuator fault occurs. To validate the proposed output feedback FTC mechanism, an LPV model of longitudinal plant of aircraft, taken from the literature, has been considered as a benchmark in the simulation. The simulation results show that the system is quadratically stable and give good tracking capability by the LPV controller-observer pair in nominal as well as in actuator’s fault or failure situation.
Smart Energy Harvesting (SEH) Using Physical Exerc…
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2017) By: M.Usama Zafar , Zeeshan Khalid; , DDP-SP13-BEE-032 , DDP-SP13-BEE-047; Mr. Hasnain Kashif, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]
The Smart Energy Harvesting using physical exercising machines which are feasible enough to harvest power seems to generate a new source of renewable energy. Biomechanical energy harvesting constitutes a clean, portable energy alternative to the fossil fuels currently being used. Biomechanical energy harvesting is a novel approach for producing energy for small devices. The energy expended in a typical workout at the gym is usually wasted in the mechanics of the equipment. This project will harness the mechanical energy of the machine and convert it to electrical energy using a generator based system. The exercise equipment will be attached to a generator. This creates a dc voltage which will be fed into a DC-DC converter and then sent to a battery where it can be stored for future use. This proposed system will help consuming our physical energy in some useful way.
Design Of Hemispherical Antenna For Breast Cancer
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2017) Iqra Asghar,; SP15-REE-005; Dr. Asim Ali Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6824
Microwave imaging has proven to be successful for medical imaging applications including breast cancer, lungs cancer, brain stroke detection, cardiac imaging etc. Microwave imaging has the ability to detect malignancy present at depth of tissue, providing non-invasive imaging, measuring dielectric contrast between tissues. This imaging procedure provides an effective substitute of mammography, ultrasound or MRI as all these screenings provide unreliable and uncomfortable detection. In this thesis, microwave imaging system has been simulated for breast tumor detection. The designed microwave imaging system includes the use of holographic imaging. For the design of holographic imaging array, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) breast models have been designed in MATLAB. Holographic array simulations have been carried out in MATLAB. To efficiently reconstruct an image, inverse scattering algorithm has been applied in holography imaging array. The building block of microwave imaging is to design a suitable antenna that must efficiently transmit and receive electromagnetic signals. An efficient compact double layer antenna has been designed in HFSS for the breast malignancy detection system. The antenna provides good impedance matching, wide bandwidth, stable and symmetric radiation pattern for near field imaging. To improve the performance of imaging system, the antenna was simulated in an array configuration. To overcome the drawbacks of array system, a novel array topology has been simulated in HFSS. The designed array system consists of separate transmitters and receivers for imaging, to provide low cost, reliable and effective detecti
Hybrid interference mitigation for cognitive small cells in 5G cellular networks /
(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2017) Muhammad Usman Iqbal; SP15-PEE-001/LHR; Ejaz Ahmad Ansari, Dr. Supervisor, AP
I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my Ph.D. supervisor, Dr. Ejaz Ahmad Ansari, Associate Professor, Head ECE Department, CUI Lahore and co supervisor, Dr. Saleem Akhtar, Principal Engineer, CUI Lahore for the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. Their dynamism, vision, sincerity, and motivation have deeply inspired me. It was a great privilege and honour to work and study under their guidance. I am extremely grateful for what they have offered me. I would also like to thank them for their friendship and empathy. I am extremely grateful to my parents for their love, prayers, caring, and sacrifices to educate and prepare me for my future. I am very much thankful to my wife and my children for their love, understanding, prayers and continuing support to complete this research work. I would like to say thanks to my graduate supervisory committee members, Dr. Sobia Baig, Associate Professor, Head Energy Research Center (ERC), CUI Lahore and Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, CUI Lahore, for their constant encouragement. I express my thanks to Ms. Mayyda Mukhtar, secretary to the graduate committee for her genuine support in documentation throughout Ph.D. I also express my thanks to my cousin, Muhammad Owais Tahir, Research Associate, NCRA Agriculture Robotics Lab, LUMS Lahore, for his support in research work and valuable prayers. Finally, my thanks go to all the people who have supported me to complete the research work directly or indirectly
Mechine And Learning Based IoT Instruion Detection
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2018) Muhammad Saad Sarfraz Khan; , SP16-REE-006; Dr. Abbas Javed, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6439
In today’s world, technological advancements are gradually increasing, so small scale to large scale companies use the internet for business purposes. Other than that Internet of Things (IoT) is a current trend in the world. Most companies try to improve their companies by making them smart premises since this will give a lot of advantages; some are increasing customer satisfaction, saving time, control expenses, monitoring, and many more. So, with the rise of these technological advancements, diverse types of security issues like DDoS, malware, virus, worms, and many other issues occurs as well because of the software or device vulnerabilities. These are harmful to organizations’ sensitive data due to the violation of integrity, confidentiality, and availability. IoT devices have been extensively implemented in many different applications in recent years, such as smart homes, medical, heavy industry, agriculture, networks, security, transportation, etc. An adversary can capture the network traffic of IoT devices and analyze it to reveal user activities even if the traffic is encrypted. Due to the increasing number of cyber-attacks, we need IoT security solutions. The majority of the attacks are extended versions of previously known attacks and bypass the conventional firewall system. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) performed an incredibly significant part to figure out the novel types of attacks by analyzing the network traffic. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) based techniques such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), J48, Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), etc. are used as a classifier to categorize the network traffic as normal and attack class. The objective of this research is to compare the impact of different Feature Selection (FS) techniques such as Information Gain (IG), Chi-Square, Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) subsets evaluator, Classifier based attributes, and other techniques on the accuracy, computational time and confusion matrix of ML & DL based techniques and identify the attack categories. FS methods and classifiers have been implemented on four different data sets NSL KDD, UNSW-15, CIC IDS2017, and TON_IoT and a comparative assessment of the outcome is presented. By applying our proposed comparative model, we will be able to trace out the malicious attacks i.e., DoS, DDoS, routing attacks, Man-in-The-Middle (MITM), etc. in the realm of IoT networks. This model detects the attacks with high accuracy and consumes less time as compared to the other methods.
A Research On Feasibility Of Intra Vehicle
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2018) Naeem Mirza,; FA13-MSEE-016; Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]
In Intra Vehicular Wireless Sensor Network (IVWSN), Engine Control Units (ECUs) gathers information about the vehicle from the sensors over wireless channels. This information is then transferred to On-Board Unit (OBU) through Controller Area Network (CAN) in order to monitor and maintain vehicular operations. CAN bus is widely used wired media for communication between ECU and sensors by several car manufacturers but it requires very careful sensor deployment and wiring. In this research thesis, we have achieved low cost and energy efficient communication between (1) sensor nodes and ECU using CAN bus and (2) OBU and ECU within Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) CC2540/CC2541 modules that can be readily employed in densely urban environment for wireless inter vehicular (up to 50m range) as well as wireless intra vehicular (up to 10m range) communication. The BLE system was invented for the purpose of transmitting small packets of data at once, while consuming less power than Basic Rate & Enhanced Data Rate (BR & EDR) and IEEE 802.15.4 standard based ZigBee devices. A typical communication scenario involves either a Peripheral/ Central or Broadcaster/ Observer device pair. For our tests, we have chosen the Peripheral/ Central modes as they provide greater flexibility to configure application parameters and allow bidirectional communication. We have included comparison between BLE and CAN bus for communication between (1) ECUs and sensors and (2) ECU and OBU, in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, latency and coverage area. Furthermore, wireless communication between ECUs and sensors had been a
Model Identification And Control Of A Lab Based
(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2018) Anila Barkat,; FA14-REE-011; Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6847
Inverted pendulum control system has vast applications in the field of control system. Every system which is inherently unstable can be controlled like inverted pendulum is controlled. To design a Robust Control system for Inverted pendulum to investigate the behaviour of rapid change in scheduled parameters is aim of this thesis. The designed mechanism has a monitoring and calibrating VI (Virtual Instrument) which is constructed in LabVIEW. This VI send a step input to the inverted pendulum and obtain the transient response of the system from that response system’s model is identified. This model helped in control designing part because model of every system represents its characteristic. Then LPV controller is designed to cater for the parameters variations to enhance the performance and robustness. Moreover, the designed robust controller is implemented on the hardware platform to show its effectiveness. The identified mathematical model is validated by comparing the simulation and real time simulation results with LQR and PID controller.
A 3D Accelerometer Based Human Activity Classification
(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2018) Aftab Paul,; FA16-REE-009; Contributor(s): Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7475
Recently, Automated Human Activity Recognition has been extensively used for long term health monitoring of healthy individuals and to provide assisted living for the elderly. Long-term health monitoring systems have been successfully implemented for the prevention of chronic diseases like heart disease, obesity, workers syndrome, and other diseases related to sedentary lifestyle. Activities of Daily Living such as sitting, standing, walking, working in office, jogging, and running etc. can be efficiently classified using sensors such as 3D accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. Such systems have demonstrated very high classification accuracies for activities performed for longer durations of time. However, these systems are unable to detect and classify transitory activities where the subject switches from one basic activity to another. For example, if a subject stands up from the chair to walk out of the room and then goes downstairs to reach ground floor of the office building has transitions from stationary sitting to standing and then walking, walking to going downstairs and then walking again and these transitions may not be classified correctly by existing automated human activity recognition systems since the models are trained using nonrealtime segmented data for each individual activity class. This research aims to develop a system for the detection of transitory activities. A Mobile phone-based accelerometer is used to record these activities from the chest of subject through MyNeuroHealth application. Data is collected, pre-processed, and classified into different activity classes. This data is used to train Artificial Neural Network to classify transitory activities. The proposed system achieved an accuracy of more than 50% with real-time data. Furthermore, it is also observed that using two accelerometers for collecting the movement data can enhance classification accuracy to 65%. Given that little or no work has been done in this dimension of HAR, this research may be extended to improve the accuracy of HAR for real-time automated long term health monitoring systems. X
Active Fault Tolerant Control Scheme For Dissimil
(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2018) Ghazala Mushtaq, FA16-REE-016 Contributor(s): Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7474
The increasing demand of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes in research is due to reliability and safety needed in industrial systems, especially in life critical systems such as spacecraft, passenger aircrafts, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), nuclear and chemical plants. FTC is expected to deal with fault or failure while maintaining the stability and desired performance. It is classified as Passive Fault Tolerant Control (PFTC) and Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC). Dissimilar Redundant Actuating Systems (DRAS) are mostly used in modern aircrafts to improve the reliability by evading the Common Mode/Common Cause (CM/CC) failure issue of similar redundant actuating systems. DRAS consists of two actuators i.e. Hydraulic Actuator (HA) and Electro Hydraulic Actuators (EHA). The DRAS are operated in two different modes namely active/active (A/A) mode and Active/Passive (A/P) mode. In A/P mode, the HA actively involve controlling the concerned control surface while the EHA and control surface act as a load to HA while in A/A mode, both actuators are engaged in controlling the control surface at the same time resulting in a force fighting exist between them that can even damage the control surface if the actuators are not synchronized. A lot of research has been carried out on DRAS in different operating modes and a significant contribution has been made to improve its stability. This thesis is about an AFTC scheme for modern aircrafts equipped with DRAS in A/A mode to affirm the reliable actuation and efficient control. The dynamics of both actuators of DRAS are considered that gives the desired control surface deflection. The force fighting issue of actuators being in A/A mode, is also addressed in this research. The effect of fault or failure of HA on system performance is analyzed and an Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC) is designed which together with Control Allocation scheme (CA) improves the system performance at different fault severity level.
A HYBRID MAC LAYER PROTOCOL FOR HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Hina Bushra; CIIT/FA14-REE-007/LHR; Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan; LHR TP 5627
The rapid advancements in wireless communication technologies and micro-electronics systems have fostered the development of small and intelligent micro-components that incorporate sensing devices and wireless communications into a single miniature circuit which is wearable or implantable inside the human body for medical and healthcare applications. These components when deployed over or across the body of subject communicate wirelessly to constitute Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Since several WBAN nodes are sharing the wireless channel to report their collected data back to a base-station or sink node, the medium access mechanism must be robust, scalable, and energy efficient. Furthermore, it may also adapt to different data-rate requirements for different sensors in a heterogeneous WBAN. In this research, Adaptive Sleep and Dynamic GTS allocation algorithms in WBAN have been implemented and compared with the proposed protocol entitled Adaptive Dynamic MAC that takes into consideration number and type of sensors, variable data-rates and energy requirements through managing sleep/wakeup intervals for WBAN nodes and implementing adaptive schedules for communication within the network. Network performance is compared on the basis of network lifetime, throughput and channel utilization through analytical model that is also verified in a customized simulator. Simulation results are gathered by observing network performance under variable network energy conditions, change in the position of gateway node, and effect of heterogeneous sensor nodes on mentioned performance parameters. It has been shown that Adaptive Dynamic MAC performs better than Dynamic GTS Allocation framework in all mentioned parameters. Furthermore, proposed algorithm has better network lifetime and throughput characteristics in comparison to baseline Adaptive Sleep algorithm.
Modeling And Implementation Of Converter Based
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2019) M. Hussaan Khan , M. Zahab Rashid; , FA15-BTE-036 , FA15-BTE-052; Nisma Saleem, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5887
Reliability and cost-effectiveness are the main reasons behind the extensive use of induction machines in industry. However, major drawback of Induction machine is that they draw reactive power. Several techniques were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machine. In recent years, Rectifiers and Inverters were introduced and gained a lot of attention and helped in improving the Dynamic performance and Power Factor of an Induction machines. In this project, a Converter-based circuit is designed and attached with an Induction machine in order to explore the Dynamic performance and to improve the Power Factor of machine. A model is designed in SIMULINK and its performance is judged. Then an experiment is conducted by implementing the same model on induction machine. Different parameters are observed like efficiency, Power Factor and Dynamic performance of Induction machine (which includes starting, loading, load changing, capacitor voltage, rotor current, stator current and speed). However, simulated and experimental results should showcase an agreement. Moreover, the above-implemented technique is compared with previous Power Factor improvement techniques, which were adopted in past in order to improve the performance of Induction machines.