Department of Physics
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Item Electrochemical study of Graphene/ Graphene Oxide/ Reduced Graphene Oxide in Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) MUHAMMAD EHSAN; CIIT/FA15-RPH-034/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 6413Graphene is of major importance in a very wide range of applications. Different works are under progress to make the products better in durability, performance and in other properties using graphene. In this work, the major objective was focused to use the graphene/graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide into Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to reduce its operating/working temperatures with better performance. As SOFC operates at high temperature that is one of the major problems, so by using graphene/graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide the performance and durability of SOFC will be under consideration at a temperature of < 600 °C. It could provide good performance in asymmetrical solid oxide fuel cell because it can be a good potential to be an alternative cathode material for LT-SOFCs. For the confirmation of results different characterization tests are performed including XRD, SEM, DC conductivity and Fuel cell performance. In this work the newly developed SOFC materials are analysed to check the performance/efficiency and find the applications in new energy devices. In this project, I prepared 12 nanocomposite anode materials for LT-SOFC. All samples were successfully synthesized by simple and cost effective methods (Sol-gel method and Solid State). The XRD results show that the synthesized materials are in nano scale. The structure of the all samples was Perovskite. The average crystalline size of all prepared sample lies in the range of 22-300 nm. The sample LNCZ + 30% GO shows the maximum electrochemical performance as compared to other compositions of graphene Oxide and graphene. The electrochemical performance of LNCZ + 30% GO was measured with OCV of 0.155V, current density 450 mAcm-2, power density 105 mW/cm-2 at 4000C with the hydrogen fuel. It shows better results as compared to graphene because it has dual phase composite structure and since its oxide material so GO treat batter with LNCZ-Oxide rather the graphene. The nanocomposite structures help to enhance the conductivity and performance of the cell at low temperature. So this nanocomposite material which have perovskite structure can be considered as better anode materials for LTSOFCs.Item Design and Development of Graphene Oxide Loaded Chitosan Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Regeneration(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) AMERAHA BINT E ISHFAQ; CIIT/SP19-RPH-005/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6368Carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene oxide) are well known for their biomedical applications especially skin tissue regeneration, due to their potential to where they support angiogenesis, their good solution uptake ability, and antibacterial activities. The development of cost-effective chitosan-based materials that can support angiogenesis to tissue healing is highly desired to prepare advanced scaffolds using nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of prepared scaffolds to support angiogenesis towards tissue regeneration. Different composites of chitosan and graphene oxide were prepared by the freeze gelation method. During this process different low concentrations of graphene oxide in-situ in the chitosan solution stirred to get the homogenous solution. The synthesized composite scaffolds were then characterized for their structural, chemical and mechanicals analysis using FTIR and Tensile technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of chitosan functional groups in every scaffolds. Universal Fatigue testing results shows the tensile strength (MPa) and elongation at break (%) was increasing while increasing the concentration to the chitosan. All these experiments confirm that these membranes are suitable to use for tissue regeneration and wound healing applications.Item Graphene Oxide and Copper Ferrite GO/Cu〖Fe〗_2 0_4 Nano-composites as Adsorbent for Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) SABA RANA; CIIT/FA17-RPH-002/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Hammad Aziz; LHR TP 5781Water, the universal solvent, is a prerequisite for the existence of all forms of life on the planet earth .60% of the fluid running in the human body is water. Any irregularity in the concentration of minerals can lead to serious health hazards. Such is the case with Fluoride, a major element for human metabolism and its occurrence in drinking water could be safe or unsafe. Fluoride of 0.5 mg L-1 is needed to strengthen tooth polish and moreover to prevent the early tooth decay. However, on exceeding a considerable point, it produces a disease called 'fluorosis'. The present research is centered on the defluoridation of water employing the adsorption method by batch experimental tests. The two-dimensional graphene and graphene-based materials are in effect broadly used being in wastewater treatment as a result of their electronic mobility, incredible surface area, high mechanical strength, great abrasion restraint ability and tunable surface, improved hydrophobicity, adsorption capacity, and recyclability making it ideal material for wastewater treatment. Recently, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles have drawn various researchers' attention because of its intrinsic properties in application of water purification. CuFe2O4 Nano composites are attractive because of material stability under various conditions. In this study, GO/CuFe2O4 was employed as an adsorbent to dislodge Fluoride (F-1) ions from water by adsorption. The results of three adsorption factors (contact time, pH and Fluoride concentration) on two reaction factors (removal efficiency and adsorption limit) were investigated. The ideal performance conditions for the adsorption of Fluoride (F-1) were noted to be contact time of 75 min, pH of 6 with an initial dose of adsorbent of 10mg/L. The total removal ability and saturation capacity of Fluoride (F-1) under this working condition were observed to be 88% and 2.37mg/g individually. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetic adsorption models illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order both model showed coherence to the trial information. The characteristics studies of the material were achieved using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), Scanning Electron microscope (SEM), Raman, and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.Item Facile Synthesis of MgWO 𝟑 Incorporated With N Doped Graphene Oxide for Energy Storage Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Ali Haider; CUI/FA23-RPH-004/LHR; Dr. M Hammad Aziz; LHR TP 9839Uses of Energy Storage and Their Significance Electrical grid stabilization, renewable energy integration, time shifting and microgrids, backup power, electric car charging, and energy consumption optimization in commercial and industrial settings are just a few of the uses for energy storage systems. A relatively new field of technology, large-scale renewable energy storage has expanded quickly in tandem with the growing demand for more energy from sources worldwide. Renewable energy's main disadvantages are its reliance on the weather and its incapacity to store and transmit power when needed. New long-term and short-term storage concepts are constantly being developed to improve energy conversion efficiency, even if there are presently a number of commercially viable kinds of energy storage. Demanding methods include chemical storage through electrolytic reactions and electrical energy storage.Item Exploring the Effects of Graphene Oxide Additives on Ag/NiFe2O4 Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Devices(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025-07-25) Fatima Muhammad; CIIT/FA23-RPH-015/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed; LHR TP 9846This study examines the production and characterization of Ag/NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposites enhanced with Graphene Oxide (GO) to improve their energy storage ability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the creation of a spinel NiFe₂O₄ structure with notable crystallographic planes (311), (220), and (440). The sharpness and intensity of the peaks imply strong crystallinity, whereas other characteristics corroborate the presence of Ag and GO. Raman spectroscopy confirms these findings by displaying specific vibrational modes. The spectra show expanded D and G bands in the GO-doped samples, indicating excellent integration of Graphene Oxide and improved structural disorder, which leads to greater electron mobility. Pure NiFe₂O₄, Ag-doped, and GO-incorporated samples show substantial differences, emphasizing GO's synergistic role in improving structural and electrical characterization. UV-Visible spectroscopy reveals a considerable decrease in band gap energy from 1.43 eV (pure NiFe₂O₄) to 0.237 eV (Ag/NiFe₂O₄), with a little rise to 0.264 eV with GO addition. The tunability of the band gap suggests increased conductivity and photo response, both of which are the desired characteristics for electrode materials in supercapacitors and other energy Storage Devices. Adding GO to Ag/NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposites increases crystallinity, structural flaws, and optical and electrical characteristics. These enhancements establish the composite as a promising contender for next-generation energy storage systems.