Department of Physics
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Item Nanocomposites Anode Materials for Fuel Flexible Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Muhammad Shakeel; FA17-RPH-061; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 5735Broad efforts have been made to create multi-fuel-based low temperature solid oxide fuel cell that will directly utilize hydrocarbons to produce electric power. It is very difficult to work because of the C-H bond activation and its immensely slow oxidation reduction in the low temperature range from 300 to 600 °C. The structural and electrochemical properties of prepared anode materials Ba0.15Zn0.60Mn0.15-Ag0.10, Ba0.15Zn0.60Mn0.15 Cu0.10,Ba0.15Zn0.60Mn0.15-Fe0.10, have been investigated within the sight of hydrogen, natural gas and ethanol at a low temperature of 650 0C. Through sol gel process prepared anode materials are synthesized. The average crystallite size has been found in the range of 19-90nm by XRD. Conductivity is measured by four probe method. Maximum conductivity of 4.8 S/cm, 4.3 S/cm and 4.4 S/cm have been found by using silver, copper, and iron as a catalyst at a temperature of 600 °C, 550 °C and 580 °C respectively. The impact of prepared nanocomposite materials on the performance of solid oxide fuel cell is investigated. The power density of the cell at different fuels has been checked and measurements demonstrate it varies from 100 to 500 mW/cm2 at 650 0C among different fuels at the anode side. The present examination reveals that proposed anodes are promising multi-fuel material for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, and it doesn't have to change hydrocarbon fills to completely use the benefit of these cells.Item Hybrid Ion Conductors Membrane for CO2 Separation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) TAUQEER AHMAD; SP16-RPH-028; LHR TP 5246; Dr. Ghazanfar AbbasCO2 is emitted in a very large amount per year by the different fossil fuel industries for the generation of energy which is the major origin of GHG in the climate. CO2 emission is a major worldwide problem of today. Different works have been done for the reduction of CO2 emission gas and numerous types of works are under process. In our project the major focus is to separate the CO2 by hybrid ion conductors membrane of solid oxide fuel cell. For this purpose, GDC/Li2CO3-Na2CO3 (LN-GDC) nanocomposite electrolyte material was synthesized with molar ratio 1:3 by co precipitation method. The sample was dried in oven and filtered by suction pump followed by sintering at temperature 700oC in a digital furnace. The prepared sample LN-GDC was further characterized by different techniques; XRD, SEM, FTIR including conductivity measurements by four probes DC method. The XRD and SEM results confirm that the synthesized material lies in nano scale, homogeneous and dense in nature. However, the major study was focused to analyze the CO2 separation from this membrane so the sample was further reformed in polymer membrane and chloroform was used as a solvent for the preparation of dense hybrid membrane. This modified prepared hybrid membrane is used for the separation of CO2 gasItem Electrochemical study of Graphene/ Graphene Oxide/ Reduced Graphene Oxide in Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) MUHAMMAD EHSAN; CIIT/FA15-RPH-034/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 6413Graphene is of major importance in a very wide range of applications. Different works are under progress to make the products better in durability, performance and in other properties using graphene. In this work, the major objective was focused to use the graphene/graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide into Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to reduce its operating/working temperatures with better performance. As SOFC operates at high temperature that is one of the major problems, so by using graphene/graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide the performance and durability of SOFC will be under consideration at a temperature of < 600 °C. It could provide good performance in asymmetrical solid oxide fuel cell because it can be a good potential to be an alternative cathode material for LT-SOFCs. For the confirmation of results different characterization tests are performed including XRD, SEM, DC conductivity and Fuel cell performance. In this work the newly developed SOFC materials are analysed to check the performance/efficiency and find the applications in new energy devices. In this project, I prepared 12 nanocomposite anode materials for LT-SOFC. All samples were successfully synthesized by simple and cost effective methods (Sol-gel method and Solid State). The XRD results show that the synthesized materials are in nano scale. The structure of the all samples was Perovskite. The average crystalline size of all prepared sample lies in the range of 22-300 nm. The sample LNCZ + 30% GO shows the maximum electrochemical performance as compared to other compositions of graphene Oxide and graphene. The electrochemical performance of LNCZ + 30% GO was measured with OCV of 0.155V, current density 450 mAcm-2, power density 105 mW/cm-2 at 4000C with the hydrogen fuel. It shows better results as compared to graphene because it has dual phase composite structure and since its oxide material so GO treat batter with LNCZ-Oxide rather the graphene. The nanocomposite structures help to enhance the conductivity and performance of the cell at low temperature. So this nanocomposite material which have perovskite structure can be considered as better anode materials for LTSOFCs.Item The Mechanical Strength Effects in terms of Conductivity and Fuel Cell Performance for low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTSOFC)(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Muhammad Zubair; CIIT/FA17-RPH-066/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 5740Energy is one of the essential factors for human progress and is the bedrock of present-day improvement, however there is an extraordinary setback in the supply of energy assets everywhere throughout the world because of increment sought after of energy. There are two fundamental energy assets that are utilizing to satisfy our energy necessity. These are, Non-sustainable energy source assets are limited and environmentally poison then again sustainable energy source assets are unlimited and friendly for environment. The overarching energy crises on the planet must be handled by utilizing reasonable energy sources. Fuel cell is one of the sustainable energy source assets which could be the elective energy source with no natural issue. This theory gives a methodology how to grow new nanocomposite electrolyte and cathode materials for low temperature strong oxide energy component (LTSOFC) based on nanocomposite way to deal with lower the working temperature of SOFC. Nano composite electrolyte ‘samarium doped Ceria (SDC)’ has been synthesized for LTSOFC by using co-precipitation method with precipitating agent of (sodium carbonates). Li, Ni, Cu carbonates are mixed with zinc nitrate by using solid state reaction method for solid oxide fuel cell electrodes. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite electrolyte and electrode was examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The Fuel Cell Performance was tested at temperature (300-650 °C). The Ionic Conductivity of the sintered nanocomposite was measured by four probe DC method. XRD patterns of the samples reveal that synthesized materials are nanostructured. The SDC has single phase material of cubic structure while the LNCZ material has two phase material, first phase is zinc oxide (ZO) of hexagonal structure and second is nickel oxide (NiO) of cubic structure. The ionic conductivity of 0.13S/cm at 650°C for 𝐶𝑒0.8𝑆𝑚0.2 and 1.65 S/cm at 650°C for (𝐿𝑖0.18𝐶𝑢0.18𝑁𝑖0.32𝑍𝑛0.32) has been achieved. The fuel cell performance was checked at the temperature of 400 °C to 650 °C with three layers of cell in which smarium based nanocomposite material as an electrolyte. It gives excellent performance with maximum power density 525mW𝑐𝑚−2 at 650 °C temperature.Item Comparative Studies of Oxide, Protonic and Hybrid Ions Conduction for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Zohaib Ur Rehman; CIIT/FA17-RPH-008/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 5712In present study novel electrolyte materials for oxide, protonic and hybrid ions conductors LN-Ca0.1Sm0.1Ce0.8O3–δ-Y2O3, LN-Ba0.1Sr0.1Ce0.8O3–δ-Y2O3, and LN-Ba0.1Sm0.1Ce0.8O3–δ- Y2O3 were synthesized via cost effective co-precipitation technique. Effect of alkali carbonates considered to diffuse the hydrogen ion and enhances the ionic conduction. Electrochemical properties were investigated by fuel cell performance and DC 4-probe method under air and hydrogen atmosphere. Experimentally structure, morphology and IR behavior characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR respectively. Average crystallite size was calculated in the range of 27 to 98 nm by X-ray diffraction. Particle size was observed in the range of 40 to 100nm. Maximum conductivity achieved 0.19 Scm-1 for LN-Ba0.1Sm0.1Ce0.8O3–δ-Y2O3 that is greater than comparatively conventional electrolyte. Maximum power density 752mWcm-2 with current density 2010 mAcm-2 at 1.06 V for hybrid ion conductor taken into account by providing hydrogen fuel. Appearance of water during fuel cell testing on both ends of cell (anode/cathode) verify that dual ion conducts through this electrolyte material. Degradation and stability also found through durability.