Department of Physics
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Item Synthesis of rGO/Fe3O4/CS Nanobiocomposite to Fabricate Screen Printed Electrode for the Detection of Norepinephrine (NE)(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Junaid Hassan; CIIT/FA22-RPH-006/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 9433This research requires synthesizing of rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanobiocomposite to fabricate Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs), which will be used to detect norepinephrine (NE). They are Fe3O4 nanoparticles that are of magnetic nature, chitosan which are biocompatible and rGO which has appreciable electrical conductivity were combined in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner by co-precipitation method to produce the nanobiocomposite. Characterization of rGO/Fe3O4/CS was done using FTIR, SEM, XRD, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy through which the structure and morphology of the synthesized material were explained. Experiments done using EIS and cyclic voltammetry indicate that the modified SPEs were electrochemically more sensitive to NE analyze than the bare SPEs. Thus, application of the rGO/Fe3O4 and CS electrodes led to the decrease in the effective limit, increasing the sensitivity and expanding the linear range of detection. The utilization of the nanocomposite components might be because of the synergistic impact in regard to electron transfer rates and a high NE adsorption surface. This work bearing futuristic facts in neurochemical surveillance and medical diagnosing establishes the possibility of employing SPEs incubated with rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanobiocomposite as a reliable and effective system for neurotransmitter detection.Item Fabrication and Characterization of Co3O4-Fe2O3-Chitosan Ternary Nanobiocomposite Electrode for Neurotransmitters Detection Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Talha Tariq; CIIT/FA22-RPH-008/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 9434This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of a Co3O4-Fe2O3-Chitosan ternary nanobiocomposite electrode for detecting neurotransmitters, with a specific emphasis on Norepinephrine. The combination of these materials creates a unique electrochemical platform that offers enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of neurotransmitters, which are crucial biomarkers in diagnosing neurological diseases. The research involved synthesizing and analyzing Co3O4 nanoparticles, Co3O4-Fe2O3 (3:1) nanocomposites, Co3O4-Fe2O3-CS (3:1:2%) nanobiocomposites, and Co3O4-Fe2O3-CS (3:1:1%) nanobiocomposites. The nanobiocomposites, designed for neurotransmitter detection, specifically Norepinephrine, were thoroughly characterized and evaluated using a range of analytical techniques. These included X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The analyses provided valuable insights into the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the fabricated nanobiocomposite electrode. These findings demonstrate its potential for accurately detecting Norepinephrine in biological samples with high sensitivity and selectivity.Item Synthesis of rGO/Co3O4 Nanobiocomposite for the Modification of Screen Printed Electrode to Fabricate a Biosensor for the Detection of Neurological Disorders(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Raheela Mansab; CIIT/SP21-RPH-026/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 8240Due to rapidly increasing neurological disorder, there is a continuous need for the development of rapid and accurate diagnosis methods. An electrochemical biosensor fabrication is involved in this research project which is done by the modification of screen printed electrode with rGO/Co3O4/Chitosan nanobiocomposite. This biosensor was used for the detection of Norepinephrine neurotransmitter whose abnormal level leads to depression that is a major risk factor for neurological disorders. Chitosan based nanocomposites are widely used in the fabrication of biosensors all thanks to its biocompatible, biodegradeable and non toxic properties. Graphene Oxide was prepared by modified Hummers method, rGO/Co3O4 nanocomposite was prepared by one step hydrothermal method, and rGO/Co3O4/Chitosan nanobiocomposite was prepared by solution mixing technique. At the end to fabricate a biosensor, SPE was modified with prepared nanobiocomposite by drop casting method. The as prepared material was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The electrochemical response was checked by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Item Enhanced Sunlight Photo catalytic Activity and Biosafetsy of TiO2/ZnFe2O4 Nano composites(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Noman; CIIT/SP20-RPH-059/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 8146A good approach for the photo degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV-Visible irradiation is the use of Titanium di oxide –Zinc ferrites nanoparticles as a photo catalyst, which showed the high photo catalytic activity, highly magnetic reparability and cost-effective results. The nanoparticles of Titanium di oxide-Zinc ferrites (TiO2/ZnFe2O4 x=1 %, 3 %,) were prepared by using hydrothermal synthesis route. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanoparticles studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). The structural morphology showed that prepared samples are uniform. The structural properties confirmed to be in good agreement for both XRD, and SEM results and confirmed the cubical nature of the prepared spinel. Furthermore, the increase in size of the nanoparticles with increase in Titanium di-oxide (TiO2) contents, confirmed from the diffraction peaks and SEM analysis. The size of crystallites ranged in 15.5nm evaluated by using Debye-Sharer‘s formula from more intense diffraction peak. The composition of the prepared specimen confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Photo catalysis carried out to check the photo catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles having different concentrations of , for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV-Visible light. The photo catalytic activity checked, resulted 8%, 27%, 41% and 80% for titanium di- oxide doped zinc iron oxide respectively, for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV- Visible irradiation in 0,30,60,90 and 120mins, it is concluded that the photo catalytic activity increased by increasing reaction time and the concentration of titanium di-oxide, and this can be increased up to 80 %. The prepared nanocomposite attested to be cost effective, ecofriendly, reusable after recycling, high magnetic reparability after use, and high photo catalytic activity for the photo degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV-Visible irradiation.Item Up Conversion and Down Conversion Nanoparticles for Nano Medicine, Synthesis, Surface Modification, and Biological Applications.(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Sajjad Farid; CIIT/SP20-RPH-008/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 7683Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and down conversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) have outstanding optical characteristics and are used in a variety of disciplines such as photonics, energy and material design. They describe the mix, material, and optical characteristics, as well as the functionalization of various UCNPs and DCNPs, before focusing on continuing advancements in using usable UCNPs and DCNPs. Because it reduces the heat of biological cells given by 980 nm excitation light, the upconversion luminescence (UCL) of rare earth ions doped nanoparticles stimulated at 808 nm is more acceptable for biological applications than the UCL of rare earth ions doped nanoparticles excited at 980 nm. On the other hand, one of the major challenges to greater UCL application is the poor UCL efficiency of rare earth ions doped nanoparticles activated at 808 nm. There is a problem with rare earth UCNPs that they suffer from low up conversion efficiency and gives quantum yield of maximum 1% because they have small cross section for the absorption because of 4f-4f transition is not allowed by the mean of selection rules so, they are inefficient for practical implementation in a significant number of situations. Thus for the time being, the -NaYF4 will be used as a host material, which is chemically and optically stable and its optical transparency lies in our range of spectra and its co-doped with lanthanides Yb3+ and Nd3+ provide us the highest quantum yield. In this study, the amount of dopants Nd3+ will be kept fixed whereas Yb3+ concentration will be changed from 0-0.98g. Thus in this research proposal we will use NaYF4 host matrix and Yb3+ and Nd3+ will be used as dopants to study the down conversion emission enhancement. The spectroscopic techniques will be used to analyze for prepared geometry.Item Synthesis and Characterization of NiFe2O4/CS Nanocomposites and its application towards Choline Biosensing(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Iqra Khalid; CIIT/SP20-RPH-031/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 7715A non-enzymatic choline biosensor was demonstrated with chitosan (CS) supported NiFe2O4 modified on carbon paste electrode (CPE). The NiFe2O4 was synthesized via hydrothermal method to study the choline chloride (ChCl) behaviour towards the distinctive performance of choline. The prepared sample presented cost-effective choline sensing as emerged with CS formed NiFe2O4/CS and immersed with CPE. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined with different characterization technique to confirm the formation of specified material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier- Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy used to optimize and evaluate the various properties of prepared material. XRD confirmed the cubic inverse spinel crystal structure of NiFe2O4 with crystallite size of 14nm, while FTIR spectra revealed the stretching and bending vibration over the IR frequency range and modes confirmed through Raman spectra frequency range. The modified electrode of NiFe2O4/CS/CPE was used to perform electrochemical studies by voltammogram and evaluated through Cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV curves taken at different working range (5-15μL) of potential 0.0-+1.0 V and quantified the analyte signal of LoD (0.002μM) considering the S/N=3 across the current system with the linear regression (R2) of 0.99. The prepared electrode showed the low (LoD) at the smaller range of the choline chloride and demonstrated good responseItem Synthesis of Fe doped MnO2 Nanoparticles Via Hydrothermal Approach and its Photocatalytic Activity(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Ansar Mahmood Hashmi; SP19-RPH-031; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 7248Iron doped Manganese Oxide was synthesized by using hydrothermal method. Then the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The grain size was calculated by XRD was about 8.34 nm. SEM can be used to view the particle and its size, which confirms the size of particle estimated by the XRD. Through FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy), we obtain three peaks. One of the peaks appear at 1080 cm-1 and this peak is more intense than the others. The Manganese oxide stretching mode can be assigned to the strong absorption band at 1080 cm-1, confirming the presence of manganese oxide bond within MnO2 structure. This is due to the vibration of the bond between oxygen and metal atom. UV visible show the band gap of particle between 1.75-2.15 eV. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles was studied by conducting the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the visible light. 86% of MB was degraded in 140 min using Manganese Oxide. 86% was degraded in 30 min using iron doped manganese oxide under visible light using 10 mg of the catalyst in 5ppm MB solution. The result attests to low cost, reusable and high efficiency photocatalyst for environmental remediation.Item Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles with Arabic gum via Hydrothermal Method(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Laiba Hussain; FA16-BPH-004; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 5922Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method. Arabic gum was used as reductant and steric-stabilizer both without any other material. Nano particles less than 100 nm have made an excellent impact in biomedical applications like diagnostic and medical devices for personalized health care particles. Silver nano particles with various characteristics can be-obtained by adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of Arabic gum and silver nitrate. Sample products were characterized by FTIR, SEM and X-RD measurements. It was noticed that temperature and Arabic Gum played an important role in the synthesis-of silver nano particles. Well dispersed and fine form of silver nano particles were obtained under the conditions of 0.5 mmol/L AgNo3 m(Ag)/m(AgNo3)=1:1, 160 0C for 3hrs. We discussed the chemical cytoxicity and Plasmonic properties of nano particles and also the current application of AgNps.Item Synthesis And Characterization Of SrFeO3 Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Usama Zahid , Muhammad Ikram; FA16-BPH-065 , FA16-BPH-023; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 5936In the past decade, magnetic nanoparticles have much attention due to their properties and technological applications. Strontium ferrite (SrFeO3) particles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The ferrite precursors have produced from aqueous mixtures of iron nitrate and strontium nitrate by co-precipitation, using potassium hydroxide aqueous solutions as precipitant. As above synthesis of strontium ferrite nanoparticles has prepared by co-precipitation method using iron nitrate and strontium nitrate and potassium hydroxide at different temperatures. The synthesis is characterizing by X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The x-ray points out the being formed SrFeO3 structure. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy point out functional group of particles and absorption related to metal oxygen vibration modes. This co-precipitation method allows a large-scale production of SrFeO3nanoparticles easily. The powder looks brownish.Item Synthesis and study of Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite and their applications such as water purification and biosensing(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) MANSOOR KHALID; CIIT/ FA18-RPH-022/LHR; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 6083GO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been used as a drug delivery in medical, biosensing and bioimaging. Due to quick response time it is used for biosensing. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by Coprecipitation method with variation in stirring time. The prepared material was characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. Single phase composite material examined by XRD and average crystallite size found to be 60nm. SEM images shows the proposed material is homogeneous and dense.