Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/43
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
Browse
17 results
Search Results
Item Design and Analysis of Hybrid Power Management System for Trains(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023) Abdullah Tariq Sipra,; SP20-REE-009; LHR TP 8073; LHR TP 8073Design and Analysis of Hybrid Power Management System for Trains Being a developing country, Pakistan imports around 3,310,215 tons of diesel oil annually, as local oil accounts of only 16% of its total oil consumption. Out of this, almost 4% is utilized in the railway sector. Researchers around the world have addressed this issue and proposed a hybrid power generation system by installing solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftop of rail coaches, resulting in a significant decrease in diesel consumption. However, as this idea is in the phase of research, there are certain knowledge gaps in this field of study. The power generated from solar is not utilized when the train is static and a storage system is to be proposed so far in this specific type of application. Further, an optimization algorithm is required for efficient and optimal management of power between solar PV and diesel generator to optimally power the electrical load of coaches. The aim of this research work is to optimize the diesel consumption in trains to power the coaches. The research work includes the introduction of a battery storage system in order to capture the solar power generated when the train is static, which can be utilized during night as well as during cloudy days of train journey to power the electrical load. A control strategy has been designed for optimal power management between solar PV, battery storage, and diesel generator to reduce the diesel consumption for electrical load of train. Fuzzy logic controller and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system have been applied and their results have been compared to achieve the most optimized control strategy. It can be concluded that by considering a total number of 131 trains in Pakistan, with almost 13 coaches per train, and considering 42.12 kW solar PV system per train, almost 1,990,286 liters of diesel can be saved annually with a cost saving of almost PKR 468.31 million per year for Diesel Genset – Solar PV hybrid system, which comes out to be 15.63% saving of total diesel consumption. Almost 5,373.77 tonnes of CO2 emissions can also be reduced annually. Furthermore, by introducing a battery storage system of 80.16 kWh per train to make Diesel Genset – Solar PV – Battery Storage hybrid system, almost 2,906,945 liters of diesel can be saved annualy with a cost saving of almost PKR 684.00 million per year, which comes out to be 22.83% saving of total diesel consumption, and aroundItem Comparative Analysis on Building Integrated PV System in Pakistan By:(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Zohaib Waqar; , SP20-REE-011; Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Javed; LHR TP 8074During the recent past years, the energy consumption throughout the whole country increases and unrenewable energy resources are exhausted. There is a need to introduce some other means of energy which will long lasting and can produce more energy. Renewable energy resources that are used to produce enormous amount of electricity are solar, hydral, wind and biomass energy. By 2020, the total installed capacity of energy in Pakistan is 34282 MW. Almost 2% of this energy generation is through PV and Wind. But due to current account deficit the import issue related to fuel is increasing day by day. There is a need to develop a cheap and self-sustained model related to energy generation in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan is approximately 230 million and now the culture of residential building is increasing in Pakistan. Due to which the energy demand is increasing rapidly as well. To fulfill those demands, the conventional source of energy is falling short day by day. So, the world is shifting towards the renewable source of energy and building integrated PV system is used for the purpose. Apparently in Pakistan, residential buildings are developing because of the rapid increase in population. So, to accommodate the people residential buildings are the most suitable. But it has the huge energy requirement that needs to fulfilled despite of the energy crisis in Pakistan. Therefore, Building Integrated PV system is used to install PV systems in these buildings to use renewable energy as a source to fulfill their energy requirements. In this research, PV integrated building of 133 KW Power will be analyzed and observed in Lahore. PV modules of 484 units, two invertors of almost 120 KW AC & power ratio of 1.109, batteries of 12 units having voltages of 1234 v and 3853 Ah will be used. In this grid connected building system plane is fixed and tilted at 90/6º, shading is linear and fixed load of 358 KW is observed. The total estimated production we need is to be 3132 MWh /Year. By analyzing the system, it is concluded that the total Produced Energy by the system is 118 MWh/ Year, total used energy is 3131.7 MWh/year. It is also concluded that Perf. Ratio PR is 76.74% and Solar Fraction SF is 3.83 %. Finally, the system is observed for both centralized systems and distributed systems to determine which system gives the most suitable and optimum outputs in different environmental conditions. Different environmental conditions like partial shading or uniform irradiance can be observed and the system can be designed accordingly. With the help of specific algorithms like DFO, P&O, INC and CS the outputs of the system can be deeply observed and the most suitable system can be designed according to the given condition to obtain the optimum outpuItem Efficient tracking of subatomic particles in the presence of multiple scattering in muon ionization cooling experiment(comsats university islamabad lahore campus, 2022) Tehreem Tariq; FA19-REE-005; Dr. Imran Ghous; LHR TP 7888Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is an experiment of high-energy physics. It is used to cool muon beams using ionization cooling. The target of MICE is to obtain a muon beam with reduced phase space. Particle detection inside the cooling chamber is important to gain insight into the process. It is a challenging task because millions of particles pass through the particle detectors, and it becomes further complicated due to the presence of multiple scattering. When particles pass through the detectors, multiple scattering occurs. Multiple scattering distorts the trajectories of particles. As a result, the position and momentum of particles change, and the non-linearity of the system increases. Track fitting algorithms are used for particle tracking in MICE. In the past, Kalman Filters (KFs) and Particle Filters (PFs) and their adaptations have been used for non-linear tracking in MICE experiments in the absence of multiple scattering. PF has been widely used in non-linear systems, but it was not used for non-linear non-Gaussian multiple scattering in MICE. Ignoring the multiple scattering or taking it as a Gaussian approximation, PF outperformed Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) when compared in terms of accuracy but was more computationally complex than UKF. UPF was more computationally complex than PF but solved the problem of particle degeneracy and shifted the particles to the regions of high likelihood. In this thesis, non-linear non-Gaussian multiple scattering is studied by using the filters, which perform well for non-linear non-Gaussian systems because multiple scattering is non-Gaussian in nature, whereas most of the filtering techniques are designed for Gaussian approximations. The effect of multiple scattering, in its true form, on performance the of MICE has not been studied before. This will be the contribution of this research. In this research, UKF, PF, and UPF are used to study the behavior of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian multiple scattering and to compare their effectiveness in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.Item Performance Analysis Of Ant Colony Optimization(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Syed Wajahat Raza Bukhari,; SP19-REE-006; Dr. Yaqoob Javed, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7472From the past two decades the swift advancement in the field of power electronics, especially in photovoltaic (PV) power generation has led to the ever-increasing demand of highly efficient and robust power supplies. Thus Research & Development in this field has led to the use Switching Mode Power Supplies (SMPs). Thus, they provide minimal power losses which reduces the heat stresses on the system and enhances the power produced. Now the performance of power converter mainly depends on the control algorithm and the type of converter used. Each converter behaves differently under different shading conditions through the day. During the partial shading condition, we require such converter equipped with a fast-converging control algorithm that it senses the partial shading condition and tracks the maximum power point. Therefore, this research thesis represents an advance MPPT technique of Ant Colony Algorithm to optimize the maximum power tracked in minimum time. For this purpose, an ACO algorithm with optimal colony size was developed and tested on two advanced DC-DC converters for performance analysis which are Boost and SEPIC. Both converters were tested on three different conditions of solar irradiation to simulate a day response of converter. As each PV module daily receives different solar irradiation due to weather and shading conditions. Therefore, each converter with ACO was tested for Uniform Shading Condition, Partial Shading Condition and Extreme Partial Shading Conditions. Additionally, this thesis also represents a comparative performance analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Technique and Perturb and Observe Technique on the same converters under same shading conditions. In the end a comprehensive conclusion based upon the results of simulation is made.Item An Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting Technique(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Annas Hafeez,; SP17-REE-006; Dr, Muhammad Yaqoob Javeed,From last few decades, Renewable energy sources are providing core role to fulfil energy demands. The need of producing energy in electrical form from everlasting energy sources arise due to fossils fuel’s reduction (coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.). Approximately 17% demand of the world’s energy is fulfilled through these everlasting sources. Energy through solar is considered the main source of energy among others renewable energy sources because of its pollution and noise free nature. Energy through solar is widely used to produce electricity by using photovoltaic cells. The inconsistent irradiance, temperature, and unexpected behaviour of weather effects the output of photovoltaic systems, classified as partial or complex partial shading conditions. Under these circumstances, obtaining the maximum output power from the PV system becomes strenuous. This thesis proposes a population-based optimization model, Harris Hawk’s Optimization (HHO) based on the natural inspiration to harvest maximum power under partial or complex partial shading conditions. It is an intelligent strategy, inspired by the surprise pounce chasing style of Harris Hawk. The proposed technique outperforms under different weather conditions, have less computational time, fast convergence speed, and zero oscillations after reaching a power point’s maximum limit. Performance comparison of HHO is made with conventional techniques such as, perturbs and observe (PandO), Incremental conductance (Inc), Bio-inspired particle swarm optimization (PSO), Adaptive cuckoo search optimization (ACS), Hybrid and Dragonfly (DA) algorithm. HHO achieves 99.4% efficiency on average and performs very well among rest of the competing techniques. Under HHO the oscillation is compact to < 1W & the re-tracking is tremendously effective. The results indicate in Table 4.3 shows the HHO algorithm outperforms other algorithms, with reference to fast tracking, convergence time, settling time, efficiency as well as stability under different weather conditions and can attain maximum power point with negligible oscillations, under partial and complex shading.Item Health Assessment Of Human Knee Using Acoustic(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2023) Zeeshan Arif; SP19-REE-011; Dr, Khurram Ali, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]Based on the analysis of 116 healthy and 116 osteoarthritic knees, this thesis details the discovery of knee Acoustic Emission (AE) as a helpful tool for the health assessment of the human knee. Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widely spread disease all over the world which arises because of damage to the joint cartilage and subchondral bone. The main factors, which increase KOA, are unhealthy lifestyle, injuries, and aging. Currently, diagnosis mainly depends on symptoms reported by patients and medical tests like X-rays and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Symptoms start to appear over a years. Current diagnosis methods have some limitations and approachability issues because of the heavy machinery required to perform these tests and the cost of the test is also the main factor that this disease is not identified on time. One of the major limitations is that these tests are carried out when the body is in a static position and doctors get no visualization of the knee performance in normal functional movement. In this research, we are purposing a cost-effective method to get the status of knee health in its normal functional movement by studying the AE produced during the movement of the knee. We tried to identify the presence of OA in the knee and also tried to figure out how we can suggest the severity of the disease by using AEs. Hardware was developed with the collaboration of LUMS hardware was capable to listen to the acoustic sounds from the knee. The hardware setup includes the piezoelectric sensor, piezo film lab amplifier, and NI-DAQ USB6009. The signal is acquired from the knee joint by attaching the piezoelectric sensor with the help of double-sided tape.Item Automatic Yogurt Filling And Packing Machine(COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Lala Iqbal Khokhar , Muhammad Ahmed Butt , Mubas,; FA15-EEE-006 , FA15-EEE-009 , FA15-EEE-012 , FA15-EEE-020; Ayesha Ali; LHR TP 5890This project deals with the automation of an industrial machine that involves filling and packaging of yogurt in plastic containers. The project reduces the food wastage and increases the hygiene by limiting human interaction with the processes involved. The automation is done by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and interfaced through a Human Machine Interface (HMI) along with the application of sensors and actuators. At first the machine places two cups at a time into circular belt and starts the rotation of conveyor belt. Then, it passes cups under ultra-violet (UV) light to sterilize the cups. In the next stage desired amount of volume is filled in the containers which can be changed according to the cup size and an aluminum foil is placed on top of it which is then sealed with the help of the heater. The containers are then lifted up, pushed onto the linear conveyor belt next to the main belt and is passed under stamping process. The proposed design is capable of filling around 12000 containers of yogurt during 12 hours of working. In the same duration only 3000 to 3500 cups are produced if performed manually. The project is accurate in its operation for filling precise volume of yogurt such that error does not exceed 4.5% of the desired volume. The automation results in eliminating labor cost of around 70,000 rupees on this scale. The project delivered a safe and hygienic environment that can perform the task of filling and packing of the food that is more than three times of the manually performed similar task. The project produces precise results with the features of clean-in-place (CIP), a process of cleaning internal parts of pipes and containers without disassembly. One other feature is the emergency stop button that is designed to interrupt power supply to the machine. This emergency button is useful if there is a malfunction in the processes of machine regarding filling or some other mechanical faults. The project concludes efficient productivity in terms of cost and time.Item Modeling, Controlling Of Automatic Washing Machine(COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Salman Chaudhary , Syed Ahsan Raza Shamsi,; SP15-BTE-006 , SP15-BTE-044; Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Javed, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5908This project presents a design of automatic washing machine which is controlled using programmable logic controller (PLC). PLC is used to control the system which have specific functions. Basic PLC functioning like timing, sequence, controlling and relaying were implemented. The hardware contains one agitator and shell tub. A motor is used to run the agitator in either direction required as per sequence programming. solenoid valves are used for water inlet and drain out. Operation of these devices is completely automated using PLCItem PLC Based Optimized Automation of Bottle Filling, Labelling and Capping Plant(comsats university islamabad lahore campus, 2020) Talha Zaheer Aziz Muhammad Ahmad Tariq Jam Ghulam Hassan Sanwal; Mr M. Hassan Aslam; Fall 2018; FA15-BEE-008 FA15-BEE-017 FA15-BEE-041Generally, there are different bottle filling conveyer for various size of bottles. In this project an efficient automated filling plant is proposed, this plant can identify the size of bottle and able to fill the different size bottles using a single filler. Moreover, capping and labelling is also being done on a single conveyer. Considering the acceptability of PLC in the industry, the filling, capping and labelling is automated using FX1N60-MAR. The proposed design is capable of filling 7 and 3 bottles per minute with an accuracy rate of 95% for .5 and 1.5 litres respectively. Furthermore, the error margin in the capping section is 5-10%.Item Environment And Feeding Control Of Poultry Farm By:(comsats university islamabad lahore campus, 2020) Abdul Basit , Muhammad Umar,; FA15-EEE-024 , FA15-EEE-022; Dr. Yaqoob Javed, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5866By automation we reduced a manual work. In controlled-environment house inside conditions had kept as near as possible to the bird's best requirements. In controlling systems, the user can adjust entirely to bird’s optimum requirements with the use of sensors and controller. We make it automatic so that no need to worry about the feed, water, light, humidity, temperature. Due to automation, time waste has been reduced. The feed to gain ratio is improved with exact nutrient feeding program that provided best outputs with less human efforts and also human errors. Our system provides distant excess to growers. Hence growers are able to monitor these unit using his mobile. The project promotes a flexible, inexpensive and business version which is able to perform best for tiny to medium size operations.