Comparative Analysis on Building Integrated PV System in Pakistan By:

Abstract

During the recent past years, the energy consumption throughout the whole country increases and unrenewable energy resources are exhausted. There is a need to introduce some other means of energy which will long lasting and can produce more energy. Renewable energy resources that are used to produce enormous amount of electricity are solar, hydral, wind and biomass energy. By 2020, the total installed capacity of energy in Pakistan is 34282 MW. Almost 2% of this energy generation is through PV and Wind. But due to current account deficit the import issue related to fuel is increasing day by day. There is a need to develop a cheap and self-sustained model related to energy generation in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan is approximately 230 million and now the culture of residential building is increasing in Pakistan. Due to which the energy demand is increasing rapidly as well. To fulfill those demands, the conventional source of energy is falling short day by day. So, the world is shifting towards the renewable source of energy and building integrated PV system is used for the purpose. Apparently in Pakistan, residential buildings are developing because of the rapid increase in population. So, to accommodate the people residential buildings are the most suitable. But it has the huge energy requirement that needs to fulfilled despite of the energy crisis in Pakistan. Therefore, Building Integrated PV system is used to install PV systems in these buildings to use renewable energy as a source to fulfill their energy requirements. In this research, PV integrated building of 133 KW Power will be analyzed and observed in Lahore. PV modules of 484 units, two invertors of almost 120 KW AC & power ratio of 1.109, batteries of 12 units having voltages of 1234 v and 3853 Ah will be used. In this grid connected building system plane is fixed and tilted at 90/6º, shading is linear and fixed load of 358 KW is observed. The total estimated production we need is to be 3132 MWh /Year. By analyzing the system, it is concluded that the total Produced Energy by the system is 118 MWh/ Year, total used energy is 3131.7 MWh/year. It is also concluded that Perf. Ratio PR is 76.74% and Solar Fraction SF is 3.83 %. Finally, the system is observed for both centralized systems and distributed systems to determine which system gives the most suitable and optimum outputs in different environmental conditions. Different environmental conditions like partial shading or uniform irradiance can be observed and the system can be designed accordingly. With the help of specific algorithms like DFO, P&O, INC and CS the outputs of the system can be deeply observed and the most suitable system can be designed according to the given condition to obtain the optimum outpu