Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/43
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
Browse
31 results
Search Results
Item GSM Based Monitoring And Control Of Water Pump System(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2013) Ali Yusaf Khan , Saim-U-Dher , Rizwan Jaffar , She; SP09-BTE-014 , SP09-BTE-050 , SP09-BTE-068 , SP09-BTE-074; Miss Arsla KhanIn this project, we are developing a system that will provide and monitor the functioning parameters of a remotely placed water pump. Sometimes, the user is not present on the actual location of the system. For that, he will have to connect wirelessly with the system. The project is designed to take into account values of temperature and voltage of pump. It also gives the opportunity of controlling the flow of water pumping through the pump. The system will work using GSM technology in which a mobile user will send an SMS to the water pump system and request certain values. The user may also send commands to change the flow of water.Item PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR DSL SYSTEM(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2014) Usman Waheed,H.M.Naveed LHR TP 1368; Nabeel Irfan , H.M.Hassan Malik , Sadaf Naureen , Performance Comparison Of Equalization Techniques Madam Arsla Khan LHR TP 4059; FA10-BTE-069 , FA10-BTE-031 , FA10-BTE-089 , FA10-BTE-009; H.M.Asif; LHR TP 1368Item Design and Analysis of Hybrid Power Management System for Trains(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023) Abdullah Tariq Sipra,; SP20-REE-009; LHR TP 8073; LHR TP 8073Design and Analysis of Hybrid Power Management System for Trains Being a developing country, Pakistan imports around 3,310,215 tons of diesel oil annually, as local oil accounts of only 16% of its total oil consumption. Out of this, almost 4% is utilized in the railway sector. Researchers around the world have addressed this issue and proposed a hybrid power generation system by installing solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftop of rail coaches, resulting in a significant decrease in diesel consumption. However, as this idea is in the phase of research, there are certain knowledge gaps in this field of study. The power generated from solar is not utilized when the train is static and a storage system is to be proposed so far in this specific type of application. Further, an optimization algorithm is required for efficient and optimal management of power between solar PV and diesel generator to optimally power the electrical load of coaches. The aim of this research work is to optimize the diesel consumption in trains to power the coaches. The research work includes the introduction of a battery storage system in order to capture the solar power generated when the train is static, which can be utilized during night as well as during cloudy days of train journey to power the electrical load. A control strategy has been designed for optimal power management between solar PV, battery storage, and diesel generator to reduce the diesel consumption for electrical load of train. Fuzzy logic controller and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system have been applied and their results have been compared to achieve the most optimized control strategy. It can be concluded that by considering a total number of 131 trains in Pakistan, with almost 13 coaches per train, and considering 42.12 kW solar PV system per train, almost 1,990,286 liters of diesel can be saved annually with a cost saving of almost PKR 468.31 million per year for Diesel Genset – Solar PV hybrid system, which comes out to be 15.63% saving of total diesel consumption. Almost 5,373.77 tonnes of CO2 emissions can also be reduced annually. Furthermore, by introducing a battery storage system of 80.16 kWh per train to make Diesel Genset – Solar PV – Battery Storage hybrid system, almost 2,906,945 liters of diesel can be saved annualy with a cost saving of almost PKR 684.00 million per year, which comes out to be 22.83% saving of total diesel consumption, and aroundItem Comparative Analysis on Building Integrated PV System in Pakistan By:(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Zohaib Waqar; , SP20-REE-011; Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Javed; LHR TP 8074During the recent past years, the energy consumption throughout the whole country increases and unrenewable energy resources are exhausted. There is a need to introduce some other means of energy which will long lasting and can produce more energy. Renewable energy resources that are used to produce enormous amount of electricity are solar, hydral, wind and biomass energy. By 2020, the total installed capacity of energy in Pakistan is 34282 MW. Almost 2% of this energy generation is through PV and Wind. But due to current account deficit the import issue related to fuel is increasing day by day. There is a need to develop a cheap and self-sustained model related to energy generation in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan is approximately 230 million and now the culture of residential building is increasing in Pakistan. Due to which the energy demand is increasing rapidly as well. To fulfill those demands, the conventional source of energy is falling short day by day. So, the world is shifting towards the renewable source of energy and building integrated PV system is used for the purpose. Apparently in Pakistan, residential buildings are developing because of the rapid increase in population. So, to accommodate the people residential buildings are the most suitable. But it has the huge energy requirement that needs to fulfilled despite of the energy crisis in Pakistan. Therefore, Building Integrated PV system is used to install PV systems in these buildings to use renewable energy as a source to fulfill their energy requirements. In this research, PV integrated building of 133 KW Power will be analyzed and observed in Lahore. PV modules of 484 units, two invertors of almost 120 KW AC & power ratio of 1.109, batteries of 12 units having voltages of 1234 v and 3853 Ah will be used. In this grid connected building system plane is fixed and tilted at 90/6º, shading is linear and fixed load of 358 KW is observed. The total estimated production we need is to be 3132 MWh /Year. By analyzing the system, it is concluded that the total Produced Energy by the system is 118 MWh/ Year, total used energy is 3131.7 MWh/year. It is also concluded that Perf. Ratio PR is 76.74% and Solar Fraction SF is 3.83 %. Finally, the system is observed for both centralized systems and distributed systems to determine which system gives the most suitable and optimum outputs in different environmental conditions. Different environmental conditions like partial shading or uniform irradiance can be observed and the system can be designed accordingly. With the help of specific algorithms like DFO, P&O, INC and CS the outputs of the system can be deeply observed and the most suitable system can be designed according to the given condition to obtain the optimum outpuItem Efficient tracking of subatomic particles in the presence of multiple scattering in muon ionization cooling experiment(comsats university islamabad lahore campus, 2022) Tehreem Tariq; FA19-REE-005; Dr. Imran Ghous; LHR TP 7888Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is an experiment of high-energy physics. It is used to cool muon beams using ionization cooling. The target of MICE is to obtain a muon beam with reduced phase space. Particle detection inside the cooling chamber is important to gain insight into the process. It is a challenging task because millions of particles pass through the particle detectors, and it becomes further complicated due to the presence of multiple scattering. When particles pass through the detectors, multiple scattering occurs. Multiple scattering distorts the trajectories of particles. As a result, the position and momentum of particles change, and the non-linearity of the system increases. Track fitting algorithms are used for particle tracking in MICE. In the past, Kalman Filters (KFs) and Particle Filters (PFs) and their adaptations have been used for non-linear tracking in MICE experiments in the absence of multiple scattering. PF has been widely used in non-linear systems, but it was not used for non-linear non-Gaussian multiple scattering in MICE. Ignoring the multiple scattering or taking it as a Gaussian approximation, PF outperformed Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) when compared in terms of accuracy but was more computationally complex than UKF. UPF was more computationally complex than PF but solved the problem of particle degeneracy and shifted the particles to the regions of high likelihood. In this thesis, non-linear non-Gaussian multiple scattering is studied by using the filters, which perform well for non-linear non-Gaussian systems because multiple scattering is non-Gaussian in nature, whereas most of the filtering techniques are designed for Gaussian approximations. The effect of multiple scattering, in its true form, on performance the of MICE has not been studied before. This will be the contribution of this research. In this research, UKF, PF, and UPF are used to study the behavior of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian multiple scattering and to compare their effectiveness in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.Item Active Fault Tolerant Control Scheme For Dissimil(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2018) Ghazala Mushtaq, FA16-REE-016 Contributor(s): Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7474The increasing demand of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes in research is due to reliability and safety needed in industrial systems, especially in life critical systems such as spacecraft, passenger aircrafts, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), nuclear and chemical plants. FTC is expected to deal with fault or failure while maintaining the stability and desired performance. It is classified as Passive Fault Tolerant Control (PFTC) and Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC). Dissimilar Redundant Actuating Systems (DRAS) are mostly used in modern aircrafts to improve the reliability by evading the Common Mode/Common Cause (CM/CC) failure issue of similar redundant actuating systems. DRAS consists of two actuators i.e. Hydraulic Actuator (HA) and Electro Hydraulic Actuators (EHA). The DRAS are operated in two different modes namely active/active (A/A) mode and Active/Passive (A/P) mode. In A/P mode, the HA actively involve controlling the concerned control surface while the EHA and control surface act as a load to HA while in A/A mode, both actuators are engaged in controlling the control surface at the same time resulting in a force fighting exist between them that can even damage the control surface if the actuators are not synchronized. A lot of research has been carried out on DRAS in different operating modes and a significant contribution has been made to improve its stability. This thesis is about an AFTC scheme for modern aircrafts equipped with DRAS in A/A mode to affirm the reliable actuation and efficient control. The dynamics of both actuators of DRAS are considered that gives the desired control surface deflection. The force fighting issue of actuators being in A/A mode, is also addressed in this research. The effect of fault or failure of HA on system performance is analyzed and an Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC) is designed which together with Control Allocation scheme (CA) improves the system performance at different fault severity level.Item Performance Analysis Of Ant Colony Optimization(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Syed Wajahat Raza Bukhari,; SP19-REE-006; Dr. Yaqoob Javed, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7472From the past two decades the swift advancement in the field of power electronics, especially in photovoltaic (PV) power generation has led to the ever-increasing demand of highly efficient and robust power supplies. Thus Research & Development in this field has led to the use Switching Mode Power Supplies (SMPs). Thus, they provide minimal power losses which reduces the heat stresses on the system and enhances the power produced. Now the performance of power converter mainly depends on the control algorithm and the type of converter used. Each converter behaves differently under different shading conditions through the day. During the partial shading condition, we require such converter equipped with a fast-converging control algorithm that it senses the partial shading condition and tracks the maximum power point. Therefore, this research thesis represents an advance MPPT technique of Ant Colony Algorithm to optimize the maximum power tracked in minimum time. For this purpose, an ACO algorithm with optimal colony size was developed and tested on two advanced DC-DC converters for performance analysis which are Boost and SEPIC. Both converters were tested on three different conditions of solar irradiation to simulate a day response of converter. As each PV module daily receives different solar irradiation due to weather and shading conditions. Therefore, each converter with ACO was tested for Uniform Shading Condition, Partial Shading Condition and Extreme Partial Shading Conditions. Additionally, this thesis also represents a comparative performance analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Technique and Perturb and Observe Technique on the same converters under same shading conditions. In the end a comprehensive conclusion based upon the results of simulation is made.Item To Design Hybrid AC-DC Droop Controller For Load(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2019) Ahsan Nadeem,; FA15-REE-001; Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6849In the 21st century there are several issues with the current electrical power system, such as production of green house gasses and losses (transmission line and conversion losses) that reduced the efficiency of power system. Currently, DC load demand of applications, such as telecom exchange networking system and electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing. In conventional power system, these loads are connected to main grid through converters. Moreover, diesel generators based backup solutions for telecom exchanges have several disadvantages, such as non-reliable starting of generator in cold weather conditions, maintenance of the generator, and exhaustive fumes. Furthermore, in recent times the use of EVs is increasing rapidly and now work place required to have own EV fast charging docking stations; therefore, in our simulation we consider the DC load of employees EVs along with the DC load of telecom exchange. A hybrid AC-DC micro-grid based on distributed generations is proposed as a suitable solution to reduce the multiple reverse conversions within the telecom exchange. For hybrid AC-DC micro-grid, we develop a droop controlled scheme that manage the power flow between AC and DC electrical networks by enforcing the normalized value of frequency equal to the normalized value of voltage of DC micro-grid. The controller provides, need based power sharing between AC and DC grids and enhance operational reliability of the network. The hybrid AC-DC micro-grid presented in this report is an effective solution to eliminate the excessive voltage conversion problem of telecom exchanges along with an efficient fast charging system for the EVs.Item An Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting Technique(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Annas Hafeez,; SP17-REE-006; Dr, Muhammad Yaqoob Javeed,From last few decades, Renewable energy sources are providing core role to fulfil energy demands. The need of producing energy in electrical form from everlasting energy sources arise due to fossils fuel’s reduction (coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.). Approximately 17% demand of the world’s energy is fulfilled through these everlasting sources. Energy through solar is considered the main source of energy among others renewable energy sources because of its pollution and noise free nature. Energy through solar is widely used to produce electricity by using photovoltaic cells. The inconsistent irradiance, temperature, and unexpected behaviour of weather effects the output of photovoltaic systems, classified as partial or complex partial shading conditions. Under these circumstances, obtaining the maximum output power from the PV system becomes strenuous. This thesis proposes a population-based optimization model, Harris Hawk’s Optimization (HHO) based on the natural inspiration to harvest maximum power under partial or complex partial shading conditions. It is an intelligent strategy, inspired by the surprise pounce chasing style of Harris Hawk. The proposed technique outperforms under different weather conditions, have less computational time, fast convergence speed, and zero oscillations after reaching a power point’s maximum limit. Performance comparison of HHO is made with conventional techniques such as, perturbs and observe (PandO), Incremental conductance (Inc), Bio-inspired particle swarm optimization (PSO), Adaptive cuckoo search optimization (ACS), Hybrid and Dragonfly (DA) algorithm. HHO achieves 99.4% efficiency on average and performs very well among rest of the competing techniques. Under HHO the oscillation is compact to < 1W & the re-tracking is tremendously effective. The results indicate in Table 4.3 shows the HHO algorithm outperforms other algorithms, with reference to fast tracking, convergence time, settling time, efficiency as well as stability under different weather conditions and can attain maximum power point with negligible oscillations, under partial and complex shading.Item Health Assessment Of Human Knee Using Acoustic(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2023) Zeeshan Arif; SP19-REE-011; Dr, Khurram Ali, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]Based on the analysis of 116 healthy and 116 osteoarthritic knees, this thesis details the discovery of knee Acoustic Emission (AE) as a helpful tool for the health assessment of the human knee. Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widely spread disease all over the world which arises because of damage to the joint cartilage and subchondral bone. The main factors, which increase KOA, are unhealthy lifestyle, injuries, and aging. Currently, diagnosis mainly depends on symptoms reported by patients and medical tests like X-rays and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Symptoms start to appear over a years. Current diagnosis methods have some limitations and approachability issues because of the heavy machinery required to perform these tests and the cost of the test is also the main factor that this disease is not identified on time. One of the major limitations is that these tests are carried out when the body is in a static position and doctors get no visualization of the knee performance in normal functional movement. In this research, we are purposing a cost-effective method to get the status of knee health in its normal functional movement by studying the AE produced during the movement of the knee. We tried to identify the presence of OA in the knee and also tried to figure out how we can suggest the severity of the disease by using AEs. Hardware was developed with the collaboration of LUMS hardware was capable to listen to the acoustic sounds from the knee. The hardware setup includes the piezoelectric sensor, piezo film lab amplifier, and NI-DAQ USB6009. The signal is acquired from the knee joint by attaching the piezoelectric sensor with the help of double-sided tape.