Final Year Projects (FYPs)

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Dosimetric Parameter’s Measurement for Different Radiation Beams to Develop a Precise Treatment Plan of Radiation Therapy
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) ARZOO ASHRAF CUI/FA21-RPH-031/LHR; CUI/FA21-RPH-031/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 8595
Radiation therapy is a form of high energy gamma rays which can destroy or prevent the spread of cancer. It has been long known that patients treated with ionizing radiation carry a risk of developing a second cancer in their lifetimes. Factors that contribute to the restate of cancer (or may be called second cancer) includes improved cancer survival rate by using high radiations as well as emerging treatment modalities. These modalities such as intensity-modulated radiation treatment (IMRT). They can potentially elevate secondary exposures to healthy tissues distant from the target volume. In this study, cancer is treated with high-energy radiations. To provide radiation to the organ, external beam radiotherapy is performed. The target volume has been selected is the pelvic organ. The surrounding tissues and OARs of the pelvic organs include the bladder, rectum, small bowl, and LT and RT femoral heads. As a result, the goal of this work is to evaluate and compute the impact of high energy photons on these pelvic surrounding tissues. By using radiation beams for constant half value layer (HVL) and field size we determine the PDD and observe the path of radiation. Also we have check the variation in different parameters for closed applicators and diaphragm limited. For this we calculated values for different depths and field size and observe the PDD. A high energy through linear accelerator is used to strike the target in cancer treatment. Thus Mathematical & biological model (LQM) is used as a tool to calculate the Biological Effective Dose (BED) and Biological Equivalent Dose (EQD2) with dose per fraction for different Organs at Risk (OAR’s) nearer to the pelvic. The LQ model is further examined in the context of tumor control probability (TCP) models. Then we use the Radiobiological considerations can be utilized in a variety of therapeutic settings, and all physicians should be aware of the potential advantages of incorporating a quantitative radiobiological approach into their practice. Moreover, the aim of this study is to provide an understanding of the principles and methods related to scattered doses in surrounding organs to check and optimize the dose plan in radiation therapy by summarizing a large collection of dosimetry and clinical studies.
To Investigate the Absorbed Dose and Consequences of Radiation Therapy in the Surrounding of Cancerous Cell by using High Energy Electron Beam
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Haroon Yaqoob; CIIT/FA20-RPH-016/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 7979
It has been long seen that patient given through ionizing radiation bring a chance of emerging a second cancer in their periods. Causes that contribute to the restate of cancer (or may be called second cancer) contains improved cancer being rate by using high radiations as well as developing treatment sense modality. They could enhance healthy tissues that were set aside from the goal volume for secondary experiences. In this paper, the Linear-Quadratic existence model for outside beam radiation therapy is examined through a focus on just how various radiation treatment development strategies can be impacted via various cancer repopulation kinetics. Tumor control probability (TCP) models are used to further analyze the LQ model. A high energy electron beam 6 MeV through linear accelerator is used to strike the target in cancer treatment. In general, radiotherapy has different energy of electron used for cancer treatment which depends on the various factors such as general patient health and history and the stage of the cancer. The major difficulty in the radiation in cancer treatment is that electron beam did not recognize the distinction between healthy and diseased cell. External beam radiotherapy is used to deliver the radiations to the organ. Pelvic organ selected as a target volume. The pelvic organs include surrounding tissues/ organ at risk (OARs) such as per bladder, rectum, small bowl, Left and Right femoral heads. Thus, the purpose of this learning is to analyze and calculate the consequence of high energy electrons on these surrounding tissues of pelvic. Thus Mathematical & biological model, Linear quadratic model (LQM) is used as a tool to calculate the Biological Effective Dose (BED) and Biological Equivalent Dose (EQD2) with dose per fraction 2 for different Organs at Risk (OAR’s) nearer to the pelvic. Moreover, the aim of this analysis is to require a kind of the principles and methods connected to scattered doses (electron beam) surrounding organ to check and optimize the dose plan in radiation therapy by brief a big compilation of dosimetry and medical surveys.

Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates

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