Analysis of Light Rings and Accretion Disk around a Static Kalb-Ramond Black Hole

Abstract

The gravitational impact causes light traveling close to the black hole (BH) to be deflected, creating a dark central region known as BH shadow, which is often surrounded by a lu minous ring. The shadow of BH are closely related to the model parameters as well as the nature of accretion disk. Our primary focus is on the visible and shadow characteris tics of non-commutative (NC) Kalb-Ramond BH, which is encircled by diverse accretion profiles.Specific values were chosen for the model parameters to produce the BH shadow profile, and we came to the conclusion that changes in each parameter directly affect the size and light paths of the BH. We determine that the profile of BH includes the bright pho ton ring with its direct lensing, emissions and the dark inner area for accretion disk. Their specifics are dependent on the emissions, though; in general, direct emission contributes significantly to the overall apparent luminosity, while photon and lensing rings contribute very little, as is customary, and latter can be safely disregarded.