Topological Indices on k-Subdivision Graphs of Cubic Zirconia Network (CZ)

Abstract

Graph theory has gained extensive application across various dis ciplines, with chemical graph theory emerging as one of the most vibrant areas of research. Graph theoretical approaches have been used in several studies in recent years to study various chemical net works and structures. These representations use atoms as vertices and chemical bonds as edges. In order to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of molecules, this field of study focuses on investigating topological indices. In this work, we examined a number of degree-based topo logical indices, such as the Augmented Zagreb index, the First and Second Zagreb indices, the Atom Bond Connectivity (ABC) index, the Geometric Arithmetic (GA) index, and Hyper Zagreb index. For the cubic zirconia (ZrO2) network in particular, we also took into account revised Zagreb-type indices. These mathematical models could provide useful resources for investigating the cubic zirconia structure’s thermodynamic features, improving our comprehension of its physics and chemical activity.