Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Periosteum Bilayered Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

Periosteum membrane defects appear because of injuries, trauma, abnormal development within the body. Periosteum membrane surgery is the most complicated and sensitive due to complex functionalities and correct use of osteoconductive materials. Under certain conditions, bone fails to execute its normal functioning due to trauma, injuries or inborn diseases resulting in bone metabolism disturbance. Tissue engineering is an encouraging field that offers various bone alternatives that function similar to native bone to initiate bone repairing and regeneration. Few decades ago, composite scaffolds had been applied for BTE when natural bone fails to carry out its normal functioning because of severe damage. In this work, we have fabricated bilayered composite scaffolds of gelatin, PLA, HAp, and vitamin E respectively by electrospinning technique. Different physical characterizations were performed for composite scaffolds such as FT-IR and SEM. Moreover, the physiological behavior of composite scaffolds was also observed including degradation, swelling behavior and porosity. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of composite scaffolds was also examined. The porosity of composite scaffolds was observed in the range of 50% to 66%. In vitro studies demonstrated that composite scaffolds showed swelling behavior with acceptable degradation rate. From these results it can be concluded that these composite scaffolds support adhesion, proliferation, and cell attachment towards native bone tissues. Thus, these composite scaffolds will be an encouraging biomaterial for bone repair and regeneration.