Department of Art and Design

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A Tolerated Language
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Fahad; FA17-BDE-002; LHR TP 7103; HIRA NADEEM
Pakistan is a place of linguistic diversity, with over sixty languages spoken. Punjabi is a centuries-old language with a variety of mutually understandable accents. It is mostly spoken in Pakistan's Punjab province and India's Punjab province on the subcontinent. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Pakistan is a multiethnic and multilingual region, with Punjabi being the mother tongue of 39 percent of Pakistan's population. Despite being the majority's native language in Punjab, the Punjabi language has only minor articulation in the lives of its native speakers. It is not permitted in educational or government settings, and it is not used there. Where it comes to the intergenerational transmission of Punjabi language, educated parents tend to communicate with their children in Urdu rather than Punjabi. Its meaning has dwindled over time, owing primarily to the speakers' social attitudes. The Punjabi speakers have a negative, if not insulting, stance toward their mother tongue. This is particularly true in Punjab's urban areas, where people are abandoning Punjabi in favor of Urdu in their daily lives (Rahman 2002). This paper aims to explore various attitudes of Punjabi people towards Punjabi language, such as why they don't prioritize speaking Punjabi and whether they really believe it is a foul language. Punjabi is a language that belongs to a certain community. To explore this phenomenon, an online survey research was conducted.
Animal welfare in Pakistan
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Amen Ijaz; FA17-BDE-018; LHR TP 7095; Hira Nadeem
This study will discuss animal welfare and cruelty against animals in Pakistan. Animals of Pakistan are facing many problems these days. Animal abuse is very common in Pakistan. Pakistan is facing those problems because of our lenient constitutions, the punishments against animal related laws are also very lenient. This study will identify the points, how we can help animals. It will provide solutions to make this society a better place for animals and for humans. Through this design solution both humans and animals will get benefits. This report will give solutions through which animals can have a better life. . The design solution is to start an organization which will help animals and humans of our society. Those people who are annoyed by animals get the advantages through this platform. And those who want to help animals will also get many opportunities through this platform. This platform will also help those people who wants to earn money, they can earn money by helping animals and also if they have any skills regarding taking care of animals and pets, they can also earn money through that too. This platform has two subdivisions first is mobile application which is a profitable platform second is organization which is a non-profitable platform.
AUTO IMMUNITIES - THE BASTARDS OF STRESS
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Awais Khan Niazi; FA21-BDE-012; LHR TP 9650; Zain Ul Abidin
An auto immune condition is the phenomenon of the immune system of the body, itself destroying the very body it is supposed to protect. It can manifest in countless forms, one of them being a chronic condition that is not curable and has to be managed through a healthy lifestyle. Irritable Bowel Disease is one such condition. It causes the gastrointestinal tract (particularly the intestines and colon) to develop ulcers, inflammation and leads to countless other problems including but not limited to diarrhea, bloody stool, anemia, reactive arthritis, insomnia, high blood pressure etc. Awareness around its treatments & paradigms is little to none. Journals.lww, Science Direct, Springer Link and countless other research organizations have released multiple studies highlighting this very issue. The objective of this synopsis is to draft up an approach that raises awareness on auto-immune conditions. The desired long- term implications for this synopsis are to educate the masses on how one’s life can get thrown upside down, how to navigate IBD, how to prevent it from developing in healthy individuals and how to combat life even if an unfortunate person ends up getting it. Through a personal lens, this thesis will unpack the highs & the lows, the happy-go lucky, the doom & gloom, all the aspects of life in a potential cinematic mixed media adaptation.
BEATBOXING - UNLEASH THE ART OF VOCAL PERCUSSION IN PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Muhammad Sufyan; FA21-BDE-001; LHR TP 9661; Zain-ul-Abidin
Beatboxing is a vibrant vocal art form born in African American and Latino communities by Smalls (2012), has become a global phenomenon. Despite its widespread popularity, according to the article Pakistani Music Industry: Challenges and Opportunities, Pakistan remains an untapped territory for beatboxers. This thesis bridges this gap, advocating for beatboxing's integration into Pakistani culture and tradition. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining interviews with local beatboxers and analysis of international beatboxers' techniques, this research investigates and evaluates the experiences, challenges, and successes of Pakistani beatboxers, while local insights revealed unique struggles. International benchmarks were established for emerging artists, echoing the cultural fusion observed in Korean American beatboxers stated in Beatboxing as Cultural Fusion by Lee (2020). This study serves three purposes: raising awareness and recognition of beatboxing in Pakistan; devising a strategic plan for promoting the art form; exploring its cultural significance and fostering beatboxing societies and events. By highlighting the potential and challenges faced by novice beatboxers, this thesis advocates for beatboxing as a vehicle for music culture diversity and beatbox community development in Pakistan. The design introduces a dynamic space—both physical and digital—where art, sound, and technology merge to connect, support, and grow the beatboxing community in Pakistan.
Beyond Walls: An Exploration on Abstract Concept of Home
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Shanzay Adnan; FA21-BDE-013; LHR TP 9665; Zain Ul Abidin
Home is not just a physical location but also an emotional connection one shares with others. It is beyond boundaries and comprises comfort, safety, and peacefulness. It is a feeling of warmth and acceptance revolving around personal memories, relationships, moments and experiences. The concept of home is a feeling that might come very deep in a relationship or experience or even within oneself. This sense leads to the fact that less home is felt in a physical structure and more within the right people and experiences. In the words of Keith Hart, home is not merely a physical location but an emotional space, deeply intertwined with our identities and sense of belonging. The design response aims to visually explore home as an emotion through intimate storytelling and visual symbolism one can understand what makes a house into a home. By capturing these quiet and universal experiences through a short film and projecting it in a way that the design seeks to celebrate the emotional fabric that turns physical places into meaningful, personal home.
BIASED INCLUSIVITY IN THE NAME OF WOKE CULTURE IN VIDEO GAMING
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) SHAHZAIB AAMIR; FA21-BDE-025; LHR TP 9660; Zain Ul Abidin
Woke culture has influenced the gaming industry in many ways. But the major impact seen has been in character design. Due to this shift, storylines and environmental designs were also changed. But this shift also was also the cause of generating many controversies. Most of the gaming community was not happy with the change saying, “It has polluted the gaming industry and now there is no more creativity”. Games like ‘Battlefield V by dice electronics arts (EA)’and ‘The Last of Us-Part 2 by Naughty Dogs’ faced backlash from the fans through Discord and Twitter due to the inclusion of so-called diverse characters hitting their sales. People also criticized these 2 titles that it are more focused on woke-ness rather than the actual gameplay which is more actually the end-all, be-all. The shift towards woke culture has divided the fans into small communities and the gamers are no more loyal towards the companies. Overall, this shift in gaming hit the sales and the reputation of big companies. Major issue is not the inclusivity but biased inclusivity. Selective inclusion of characters in any type of digital media is biased inclusivity the essence of biased inclusivity, it’s the selective inclusion of characters in any type of digital media. And the best way to fight something wrong in the gaming industry through its own medium, a game, an 8-bit, supposedly vintage game designed as a dystopian action platformer that satirizes the biased inclusivity in gaming, where the gamers fight the ruling elites to restore balance to a world ruled by ideological conformity
BODY SHAMING – YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Abdur Rahman Nadeem; FA21-BDE-024; LHR TP 9648
Body shaming is one of the most damaging ways to undermine a person's character. The worst part is that it is carried out in the guise of fun by close friends and family members of the individual's circle. Ranging from slim to fat, people are tall to short, but the most contributing factor is the change of definition throughout the years and the value it holds within society, taken from them. What started as a bad thing was considered wrong socially, religiously, and morally, but over time became common in any friend's circle, losing its true meaning. But the other side would be that the offender is doing it out of fun, consciously or unconsciously, which raises the question of whether they are driven by past experiences or insecurities that manifest in hurtful behavior. Understanding the intention behind body shaming can help address its negative effects on individuals and society as a whole. Which is the way that Imran Ali presents in his articles of effects of body shaming on young adult's mind, similarly the "Self-Discrepancy Theory" by E. Tory Higgins (1987) defines 'Self Discrepancy as the conflict in self-concept between the actual self and the ideal self (APA Dictionary of Psychology, 2020). A play-based story-based game is the result of this thesis.
BULLYING ACROSS TEENAGERS
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Mamoora Shakeel; FA17-BDE-027; LHR TP 7102; Hira Nadeem
Bullying is the point at which somebody is being harmed either by words or activities intentionally or accidentally, generally more than once. And feels awful in a result of its anything, but it’s a difficult time for them to stop what is befalling them. Pakistan is also a part of this bullying system as an early childhood, teenager, in their adulthood and even elder people gets bullied for their personalities and also on their physical appearances. Bullying can happen in many ways in the world like physically, verbally, cyber bullying and social bullying, which is also happens in Pakistan too. Bullying is unappreciable and it is something that needs to be stop in immediate context. After an extensive research on the life of students and other group of people (School, College, university, jobs, workers) I made a conclusion on the base of my survey that in different stages of their lives, bullying happens mostly on their physical appearances in their student life majorly in school and colleges. Due to which I made a video game that helps to prevent bullying and make awareness among people. The purpose of ‘’ Rulers of Equality ‘’ (a mobile video Game) is to promote happiness, to boost up their confidence in their daily lives, to create awareness about bullying and how to deal these situations with confidence.
CELEBRATING LIVING MYTHICAL STORIES FROM PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Maira Zainab; FA21-BDE-035; LHR TP 9658; Zain Ul Abidin
Through narratives, people convey historical events, moral lessons, societal norms, and collective wisdom etc. Pakistani mythical stories are rich tapestry of love, tragedy, heroism and the supernatural deeply immersed in the cultural and historical context of the region. These stories, which have their roots in oral traditions that have been passed down through the centuries, serve as moral and spiritual compass for communities in addition to reflecting Pakistan's rich cultural legacy. However, the practice of storytelling has been transforming and diminishing due to the urbanization and technological advancements in society that have transformed the family structures in Pakistan (Nida Zahra, 2023). Love and tragedy stories often emphasize the human spirit's resilience in the face of overwhelming adversity. Heroic stories depict individuals who go above their mortal limitations in order to defend their people and enforce justice, and they honor bravery, selflessness, and loyalty. These narratives often interact with features like djinn, magical items, and divine interventions, these stories frequently touch on the legendary and supernatural, demonstrating a close relationship between the material and spiritual realms. They act as a link between the past and present by highlighting the interdependence between human emotions and Pakistan's larger cultural identity. The objective of this research focus on stories of love, tragedy, bravery, and the mythical, this research intends to examine the thematic richness of Pakistani mythology, and why it is important in terms of culture; this examination will endeavor to help further understand the collective cultural identity and values we share as a society.
COLORISM AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUNG MINDS
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Hamna Ayub Joyyia; FA17-BDE-005; LHR TP 7099; Hira Nadeem
The main idea of the report is to identify the root cause of colorism and its consequences, how it affects the physical and mental well-being of a person especially young children, how it impacts the society and how it is leading children towards self-doubt and making them lose confidence. The roots of the issue lead us to the era of white supremacy and how it shaped the society into what it is now. We will be discussing how hurtful discriminative behaviors can be, to create a sense of Empathy and awareness and to create a sense of realization among those who do not understand it’s impacts. Our media plays a vital part in promoting fairer skin as a symbol of beauty, and by promoting whitening products, which then contributes to this maltreatment and discrimination against people with darker skin tones. People and their personal experiences will also be discussed to have a better insight on the situation and how other people are coping up with it.
CULTURAL RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH GRAPHIC DESIGN
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Ali Awais; FA17-BDE-029; LHR TP 7094; Hira Nadeem
This research investigates the relationship between culture and graphic design in the photographs of cultural festivals. The study is focused on research in the fields of history, cultural identity, cultural variable theory, visual communication, and the cultural contexts of the cultural festival images. The secondary purpose of this research is to promote the local crafts of the Pakistan that will help the individuals economically. Even in the website different traditional crafts were shown that attracted The tourists. The festival website contains festival's logo and all of the elements necessary for purchasing crafts, animated posters, print posters, and collector products such as T-shirts and mugs, among other things. The cultural festival visuals reveal that graphic design does reflect thoroughly culture. The representation of the graphic images is different, according to cultural variable theory, and cultures influence design as a communication medium. The data was collected by two methods. The First one an online survey was created and second was a live survey. Participants were youth and tourists that were interested in the Pakistan’s cultural festivity. The data was analyzed using Spss or excel. The results indicate that there is a connection between culture, cultural festivals and graphic design and that culture and graphic design are linked by visual elements. The application of this research may aid the audience in better understanding the academic representation of the pictures of the cultural festival by digital promoting, especially for those who are unfamiliar with the cultures.
DREAM REALMS: MAPPING TIME & SPACE BEYOND REALITY
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Syed Muhammad Abbas; FA21-BDE-034; LHR TP 9666; Zain Ul Abidin
Dreams inhabit liminal landscapes where time and place collapse, showing how perception can morph fluidly across moments and spaces. In distinguishable opposition to demiurgic waking perception, dreams collapse timelines, expand space, and bleed in a non-linear way. This thesis seeks to investigate how the phenomenon of time disruption (in particular) can inform the design of immersive interactive environments. The research set out to position relative and absolute understandings of space and how the flow of dream logic opens up a new understanding of a different reality. The research expands on Gaston Bachelard's The Poetics of Space, which links memory and imagination in spatial experience, as well as Juhani Pallasmaa's ideas around sensory architecture and embodied perception. Using qualitative methods as a mode of inquiry, the research was explorative and looked at how altered states, such as lucid dreaming or spatial disorientation, could be the catalyst for informing design of nonlinear and emotionally responsive environments. As a form of exploration, immersive design opens a space for individuals to surrender their will to a massively scalable product, allowing them to become co authors in a dream-like immersion of spac
Dreams and its Psychology in Islamic Culture
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Syeda Ramsha Akram; FA17-BDE-009; LHR TP 7105; Hira Nadeem
Dreams have always been a mystery to human cognition and its mysterious nature derives the curiosity to know about them more and more. Over years scientists have studied the process of dreaming and passed on different theories based on experimentation and many philosophers have also written and explained the process behind these dreams. The nature of dreams varies from culture to culture. This project is going to focus on the concepts behind Dreams in context to Islamic culture. Islamic tradition is rich with the theories of the imagination and the expressions of dreams along with their descriptions and visionary experiences. Sleep is an act that shows the glory of the supreme power that created this universe. During the time spam of sleeping, our body and soul and temporarily and incompletely separate. There are many similarities between death and Sleep. During the phase our soul travels the unseen world/ another dimension. During this half-dead stage, we experience a succession of images that our subconscious creates. The design product which is going to be an illustrated novel, explains the process of dreaming and explain about the nature of the dreams that occur while Sleep.
Ecobin Waste managment services
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muzaffar Ramzan; FA16-BDE-020; LHR TP 7104; Hira Nadeem
This Project belongs to the waste management service awareness that how can we manage our waste material in better way instead of just dump it and cause a land pollution. So For that purpose we need to launch a business a business in which we will approach door to door with mobile application and create a awareness about the world wide populated ways of waste material Recycle-Reuse-Reduce. So here our major purpose is to recycle the waste material as much as possible for human beneficiary. We will present the recycled items like plastic chairs, furniture that we will built by our waste plastic and we will sell it by our mobile application to increase our income to operate the business in well planned manner.
Educating youth about the real world as opposed to the False reality of social media addiction.
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Maheera Shafiq; FA17-BDE-008; LHR TP 7101; Hira Nadeem
Gen Z, the kids born after 1996 or so, those kids are the first generation in history that got on social media in middle school and apart from them 90.4% social media users are millennials. Hence, the extensive use of social media is making people become a slave of the false reality created through social media which tends to mess with people’s mental health, identity formulation and their human existence. As a result of a perfect fake reality created through social media people are stuck in a loop of hyperreality losing the connection to the real world around them. The basic aim of this research is to educate and aware people about being conscious of their social media use and to regain their connection to the real world. Qualitative research was initiated first to understand the false reality created through social media and its consequences in the light of Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulation and simulacra, Franz Kafka “Kafkaesque” terminology and the impacts of social media addiction in the light of neuroscience, psychology, scientifically, and medically. Later a qualitative research was carried out in the form of surveys of around 15- 20 questions focusing on the age group 14-25 years old to prove the stance whether social media is creating a loop of hyperreality among people or not. As a result of which came forward that social media is creating a bubble of hyperreality among people and majority of respondents wants to break free from it but are so submerged and dependent on its use that they are unable to do take a conscious action.
Empowering People To Adopt Healthy Lifestyle
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Abeera Shakeel Ahmed; FA17-BDE-025; LHR TP 7106; Hira Yasser
My concept is to create awareness about toxicity of sugar and what replacements can be used for sugar which are beneficial without side effects. People nowadays have so many health related issues such as diabetes, obesity, skin issues and many more and all because of sugar. But sugar is one thing that we can not resist how hard we try. Sweet craving is something natural. So I want to create awareness about something that is all natural, organic, sweet and healthy for you. This additive can fulfill all your sweet cravings keeping your health a priority and creating a good and healthy lifestyle.
Excessive use of techno
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Areeb Siddi; FA17-BDE-014; LHR TP 7097; Hira Nadeem
This project aims to discuss technology addiction and its consequences on the life of an individual and its surroundings. The project discusses the idea of the increased human involvement with gadgets. Mostly young adults and teenagers are involved with gadgets so much that these have become our habits and have affected our lifestyles. The project focuses on how carelessly we behave when we are on gadgets and how unproductive we have become. These gadgets have tricked us into thinking that, these currently are more important than anything else in our lives. This project aims to show that how is our attention diverted towards gadgets and how our small stupid acts lead to a big consequence. This document aims to find reasons for excessive use of technology and what effects it has on the lives of addicts. The research includes articles, reports, journals, and documentaries about gadget addiction. The adopted methodology was quantitative as it was based on the established questionnaires used in earlier surveys. The existent theoretical content about technology was presented first. The purpose of the research was to capture the thoughts of students about technology addiction. The questioner was made after the theoretical research and also included questions that were a part of previous researches. The expected outcome of the project is to make people realize that what are they doing and how they are ignoring some most important tasks in their lives and even risking their live
FROM PRESTIGE TO PERSEVERANCE: THE KHAWAJA SIRA COMMUNITY OF PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Yumna Sohail; FA21-BDE-008; LHR TP 9667; Zain Ul Abidin
“The Khawaja Sira are the people whose sexual orientation is vague and cannot be confirmed as male or female” as stated by the Status and Rights of transgender in the constitution of Pakistan. Not fitting into the societal norms, Khawaja Siras of Pakistan face all forms of discrimination, marginalization, along with harassment. Been rejected from their families, they start to form communities and live under the Guru-Cheela relation and earn money for survival through jobs that are frowned upon. The term Khawaja Sira is one that denotes respect and is accepted by their community as accurate term for their gender identity and lived experience. According to an article Living on the Periphery by Aimen Majeedullah, the main discriminatory institutes include hospitals, mosques, and police force. The main objective of this project is to focus on the changes throughout the eras in the lives of the Khawaja Siras and how the changes of struggles and existing challenges of discrimination and marginalization and not considering them as humans is causing their suffering. The aim of this project is to spread awareness about how in this era of modernization, the non-binary community is still not able to enjoy their rights by providing a narrative using strong photographs and visuals.
GENDER INEQUALITY IN PAKHIWAS COMMUNITY OF PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Khansa Kalsoom; FA21-BDE-017; LHR TP 9656; Zain Ul Abidin
Traditional gender roles in Pakistan typically portray men as providers and protectors and women as homemakers. owever, women are often forced to balance their outside work anddomestic chores due to financial constraints.this particularly happen in marginalized communities such as Pakhiwas1, who are semi-nomadic and nomadic communities, often lack of regular jobs and stable housing. To support their families, women in the Pakhiwas community act as street vendors, domestic help or garbage collectors. Despite their contributions, they can witness trauma, verbal, sexual and physical abuse from their husband and the extended family. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18 revealed that 28% of married women between the ages of 15-49 have experienced physical abuse, and percentage even more in communities like Pakhiwas. These women vulnerabilities get worst by embedded with patriarchal norms and financial difficulties. Due to patriarchal cultural and social norms societal pressure to fit traditional roles, where the idea of security often translates controlled and exploited. Due to divorce and separation being highly stigmatized, it makes these physical and mental health worse. Despite all hardships, many of these women are used to this abuse that they do not find it strange. They have accepted this as their fate and even found happiness in the small corner of their world. This uncertainty further highlights the intensity of the abuse. While Pakhiwas communities face enormous obstacles, other marginalized communities across 1 The term "Pakhiwas" refers to a nomadic community in Pakistan, often described as gypsies or tapriwas. They are known for their traditional nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place. Pakistan face comparable challenges Communities in disaster-prone areas, urban slums and landlessrural workers all struggle with a cycle of poverty, abuse and lack of support networks. Due to nomadic lifestyle women of Pakhiwas are more isolated and have greater difficulty accessing legal or psychological support. Even with all the difficulties they face, many Pakhiwas women continue to live with amazing strength. Even with all the difficulties they face, many Pakhiwas women continue to live with braver and strength. Some have faced abuse for so long that it feels normal to them. Still, they manage to find small moments of happiness in their lives. This mix of quiet joy and deep suffering shows how strong they truly are inside. Through this research, author would like to show the world how powerful and talented these women are the world through my work. They have skill and potential. By giving them opportunities to develop and learn, hope to promote their confidence. They are more worthy than just existence. They have the right to be seen freedom, security, help and support.
GLORIFICATION OF WOMEN IN CONTEXT OF ISLAM
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) FATIMA ABBAS; FA17-BDE-004; LHR TP 7098; Hira Nadeem
For as long as history has been, women have played a key part in society, but their contributions have been overlooked owing to inadequate application of Islamic law. As one of the most disputed topics in development circles today, the position of women in a Secular caliphate and the religious importance Islam has placed on a woman are both problems that provoke great debate. Because Pakistan is a liberal and Islamic state, there are unique difficulties when it comes to women's rights. This study aims to set the record straight by demonstrating that ‘Islam' as a religion does not have a negative impact on the advancement of women and their contributions to an Islamic society and to highlight the issue that people interpret their own understanding of religion into shariah which causes so many misconceptions about Islam, and we are blindly following them. The analysis of the study is based on the primary data from a survey (quantitative) conducted within the Pakistani audience and from various books and articles used Al-Quran with its tarjama as a reference. The results show that people ‘s perception about Islam is the result of lack of knowledge and awareness about true Islamic teachings as mentioned by Quran and Hadees and the misinterpretations of religion created by our doctrines for their own benefits. The knowledge about Islamic teachings is strengthened by making people aware of the women’s role and significance as described in Islam and by making them understand that Islam, in no way disregards the importance of women. Also, to depict the consequences that we are facing as an Islamic state by not following the true teachings of Islam. At the end of the day, it has been shown that Islam as a faith promotes and encourages women's rights, but our societal norms, habits, and ancient traditions which are derived from other faiths, and ignorance about the real teachings of Islam have caused women to be vulnerable today.