Department of Chemistry
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Item Fabrication & Characterization of Ti-Ce MOFs based silk electro spun membrane for bone Regeneration A combined DFT and Experimental Approach(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Tayyaba Fatima; CIIT/SP24-R06-027/LHR; Prof. Dr. Mazhar Amjad Gilani; LHR TP 10030Neurosurgical procedures, traumatic brain injury, tumor resection, and cerebrovascular disorders may lead to leaking cerebrospinal fluid and development of severe complications such as infection, inflammation, and dysfunction of the nervous system. The traditional methods of dural repairs like sutures, sealants, and hydrogels are usually constrained by factors such as partial repair, immunogenic response, lack of accessibility and mechanical efficacy. In solving these issues, a mechanically stable, biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold should be developed. In this work we have fabricated a bilayer electrospun scaffold that was created using silk fibroin, calcium magnesium silicates (SILK+CMS), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), with metal-organic frameworks (PCL+MOF) to regenerate the dura mater. The scaffolds were prepared and characterized in a systematic way by application of different techniques of analysis. The FTIR analysis showed that all components had characteristic functional groups, which correspond to the successful fabrication of the scaffolds. The bilayer scaffolds also had optimized hydrophilicity, swelling characteristics, porosity, and density that were beneficial in cell attachment, growth, diffusion of nutrients, and tissue integration. SEM examination demonstrated a consistent fibrous pattern and well organization of the fibers which were very similar to the normal dura mater structure. In vitro degradation tests proved that the scaffolds had a programmed rate of degradation that could be adjusted to the rate of healing in the dura mater. Moreover, in vitro biocompatibility tests revealed that there is a good cellular response, which indicates that the scaffold can facilitate cell attachment and viability. Altogether, the findings indicate that the developed bilayer scaffold can be regarded as the promising biomaterial candidate to repair dura mater, and it may help avoid the cerebrospinal fluid leakage and promote successful tissue regenerationItem Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol /Hydroxyapatite/ZnO Nanofibers as Potential Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Kalsoom Riaz; SP20-R06-023; Dr. Aqif Anwar Chaudhary; LHR TP 7577Globally, millions of people are effected from various bone disorders and diseases. These defects (e.g. fractures) can be an outcome of osteoporosis directly or osteopenia (which ultimately cause osteoporosis). According to a research about 19% of the Pakistani population has osteoporosis and 64% are osteopenic. Bone defects may arise also due to accidents, trauma, sports injuries, ageing or pathogenic infections like osteomyelitis. These bone disorders need to be treated and this requires bone repair and regeneration. Bone regeneration process can be accelerated by various treatments and methods. Treatment is required for complex defects and Tissue engineered solutions (e.g. advanced biomaterials) are of special interest especially if they are done through minimally invasive procedures. They can often be applied to the site of defect with minimum trouble (as compared to autografts) and mostly do not require a follow up surgery. During the surgery of complex fractures/disorders, the risk of infection is higher. Therefore it is desirable to have materials with additional functionalities i.e. they possess functions other than bone regeneration as well. This can include antimicrobial and/or angiogenic properties. Calcium phosphates are known to regenerate bone – due to the presence of calcium and phosphare ions. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a suitable member of the calcium phosphates family, that is similar to biological apatite the mineral component of bone. Synthetic HA helps regenerate bone. Recently oxides have been shown to have antibacterial, anticancer and angiogenic properties. Moreover, polymers have been used to develop synthetic bone grafts, as they allow the ability to develop composites in forms that can be used by the surgeons. Membranes/films are an ideal form for bone regenerative solutions as they can be sutured into places where they are to be used. Therefore, there is interest in developing membranes which contain bone regenerative and antibacterial additives.Item Development of Antibacterial & Osteogenic Nanocomposite Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-25) Ayesha Khalid; FA19-R06-012; Dr. Aqif Anwar Chaudhry; LHR TP 7345A number of treatments and modalities have been reported to fasten the process of bone regeneration including guided bone regeneration where a barrier membrane provides an isolated space and medium to the defect site to recover quickly without the intervention of surrounding soft tissues. Despite several advantages of both resorbable and non-resorbable membranes, resorbable membranes are usually preferred as they don’t need a second surgery for their removal. They also degrade easily whilst performing the required function of bone restoration. For clinical applications, gelatin/chitosan blend have warrant attention as they provide unique properties. Gelatin possesses RGD like sequences which facilitate cell attachment and migration whereas chitosan is another bioactive and degradable polymer that is widely used in many applications. High degradability, however, may lead to loss of mechanical strength. To overcome this problem, certain cross-linkers are added with the intention of increasing strength and extending the time of degradation.Item Fabrication and Characterization of Tri-Layered Electrospun Membranes for Bone Regeneration(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus., 2025-04-01) Hafiza Sunaina Ijaz; CIIT/FA23-R06-011/LHR; Dr. Hamad Khalid; LHR TP 9687This study centres on the development and detailed evaluation of a tri-layered electrospun membrane designed to mimic natural tissue architecture for bone regeneration applications. The membranes consist of three unique layers: the outer layer is made of PLA embedded with Zr-ZnO nanoparticles, the middle core layer comprises PCL infused with Vitamin E, and the innermost layer is formed from Silk Fibroin (SF) incorporated with Si-HA to promote antibacterial activity, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis, respectively. To comprehensively assess the structural and functional properties of the scaffold, a range of characterization tools was employed, including FTIR, SEM, contact angle testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, micro-computed tomography, and porosity measurements. These analyses confirmed the presence of uniform fiber formation, interconnected pore networks, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical flexibility across the tri-layered structure. Biological assessments in vitro involved antibacterial activity, material degradation behaviour, swelling capacity, and cell-based assays using osteoblast-like cells. The membrane demonstrated minimal cytotoxic effects, strong antibacterial performance, and high cell viability. Additionally, cell adhesion and migration were notably enhanced, as observed through staining techniques and migration analysis. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of this multi-layered electrospun scaffold as a viable candidate for bone repair applications. Its design effectively merges mechanical strength, biodegradability, and biological activity, marking a meaningful advancement in the field of regenerative biomaterials