Department of Chemistry
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Item Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles for Removal of Arsenic from Model Wastewater(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Muhammad Yar; FA18-R06-020; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6498The goal of this research is to synthesize and characterize the different composition of magnetic Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. It has been reported that nanoparticles can adsorb pollutants more efficiently from wastewater as compared to other adsorbents due to their small size, high surface area, magnetic properties, high chemical reactivity and selectivity. Nanoparticles can be prepared by different methods e.g., co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, solution combustion, and pulse-laser ablation where co-precipitation is more efficient due to its properties like cost effective, , simple methodology, better homogeneity, and rapid operation. Different methods have been used to remove pollutant from water but adsorption method for separation is most popular due to easier methodology, requires lesser volume for process, high efficiency, easiness and characteristic of regeneration and produce lower volume of sludge. Synthesis of Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 and Zn0.5Mn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XRD used as adsorbent for removal of contaminants from wastewater. In XRD graph, strong peaks at 300, 340, 350, 430, 520, 550, 640 confirm the formation of crystalline cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra of sintered cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles correlated with peaks 1102 cm-1 and 1454 cm-1 of nanoparticles from literature which confirms the formation without the presence of –OH group on the surface due to sintering. These composition shows large surface area of 22.42 (m2/g) and porosity is 3.8 nm in reported analysis which enables them to show high adsorption and they can easily separate out from solution after adsorption due to their magnetic nature by applying external magnetic field. Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 showed high adsorption capacity of MO and can remove 80% of MO from water in 20 min.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Filler Mixed Matrix Membrane for Dyes Degradation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Bushra Anees Palvasha; FA18-R06-021; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6499It is acknowledged that water is the survival key for life on earth. Millions of human lives expire due to privation of water quality, ineffective management as well as low-quality wastewater treatment protocols. Water contamination involves the addition of harmful impurities e.g., herbicides, pesticides, dyes, resins etc.. According to survey, above 0.7 million tons of organic dyes are manufactured per annum that are used in many commercial products of cosmetics, painting, foods, plastic, textile etc. Dyes from the textile industry has been identified as the most polluting agent in comparison to others in industrial sector due to the discharge of around 25% leaching of toxic chemicals to water system. Among these dyes, azo dyes contribute nearly 50% of these contaminations. Various protocols are approved and tested for the removal of dye color in wastewater, that are classified as chemical, physical, and biological methods. Among these, the conventional biological protocols are cited as less effective due to high salinity of dyes wastewater and high stability of dyes structure. Currently, photo-catalysis has been reflected as an effective protocol for the destruction of dye due to easy treatment protocols, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Among various photocatalysts, Polyoxometalates (POMs) are contributing much more due to effective photodegradation nature, low-cost and easy synthesis protocol. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are polyatomic anions comprising transition metal oxyanions associated with bridged oxygen atoms resulting in closed three-dimensional assemblies. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous constituents consist of several organic ligands and metal nodes through coordination links, which are characterized by a high degree of modularity, excellent porosity and versatility. Due to high surface area, well crystalline structure, porous nature and tunable properties of linkers, MOFs showed numerous impending applications such as, energy storage, gas uptake, heterogeneous catalysis, pollutant elimination etc. POMs and MOF hybrids such as POM based metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have been mostly reported in multidisciplinary research fields as brilliant candidates due to their characteristics properties. However, high solubility of POMs and difficulty facing in dealing powder catalyst limits their application on industrial scaleItem Thermal Stability and Fire Retardant Studies of Polymeric Nanocomposites based on Layered Double Hydroxides(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-17) Raheel Ayub; FA18-R06-006; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 5959Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been used as nanofiller in different polymer industry and gained extra intention in 21th century due to substantially improved physical, electrical, mechanical and extraordinary flame retardant properties. LDH nanofiller have variable charge density, which allows various interactions with the host polymer matrices. In this study, MOF based LDH and MOF based CNTs/LDH nanocomposites were synthesized by using MOF and CNTs as precursor respectively, by co-precipitation method to improve flame retardant efficiency of polymer. Pristine LDH have limitations of toxicity, low limited oxygen index (LOI %), high peak heat release rate, and high loadings. Acidic modification of MWCNTs was synthesized by co-precipitation method with nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). MOF based LDH and MOF based CNTs/LDH were confirmed by FTIR described peaks at at 2,927 cm-1, 1528 and 1048 cm-1 attributed to the vibration of aliphatic sp3 C–H, C = O and C–O respectively along with the broad peaks around 3000-3400 cm-1 of water molecules of LDH. Hollow dodecahedral structure of MOF based LDH and MOF based CNTs/LDH nanocomposites were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) represented greater surface active sites and synergistic effect for polymer. Thermal property of MOF based LDH and MOF based CNTs/LDH nanocomposites were confirmed by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) which described initial weight loss at 137ºC attributed to the removal of water between the layers and maximum weight loss at above 450ºC due to nitrates and hydroxyl ions, significantly higher than pristine LDH. This work advances progress on the development of highly safe multifunctional polymeric nanocomposites for economical use and reduced life threat.Item Surface Etched Mixed Matrix Membrane for Desulfurization of Model Diesel Oil(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-17) Sadaf Ahmad; FA18-R06-001; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 5959Fuel counts in basic necessity of modern life. However, fuel consumption has been turned into severe danger to the environment as well as human life due to the presence of sulfur components in fuel. Therefore, it has become essentially important to achieve ultra-low sulfur fuel. For this purpose, desulfurization has been vastly undergoing by using various techniques in recent decades. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are polyatomic anions comprising transition metal oxyanions associated with bridged oxygen atoms resulting in closed three-dimensional assemblies. POMs and their hybrid materials (such as POM-based porphyrin and POM based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)), have been mostly reported in multidisciplinary research fields as brilliant candidates due to their characteristics properties. Specifically, hybrids of POM and porphyrin (~ POM@Porphyrin = POMOF) are outstanding materials for intended applications which being inorganic filler further incorporate in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). MMMs generally fabricated through incorporation of inorganic fillers in polymeric matrix, have achieved great attention in recent research progress due to multiple applications in gas storage, catalysis, sensing, wastewater treatment, and biomedicine. The main objective of the current study is to use POMOF as a catalyst in desulfurization. Therefore, three POMOFs were fabricated by varying ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) of cationic and anionic species. Characterization analyses such as UV/Vis, FTIR, and TGA showed successful synthesis of these POMOFs. The efficiency of POMOFs followed an order as 3 (95.5%)> 2 (85.5%)> 1 (70.3%). Among these three POMOFs, 3 exhibited excellent catalytic property in desulfurization. Furthermore, the desulfurization process could be recycled for ten times without a significant decrease in catalytic efficiency. Interestingly, POMOFs successfully accomplished desulfurization of model diesel oil and showed excellent renewability. To the best of our knowledge, such kind of POMOFs with special surroundings and bi-functional active sites are not reported.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon & Nitrogen based Covalent Organic Framework to Explore Biomedical Application(library Information Services CUI Lahore Campus, 2020-02-16) Bakar bin Khatab Abbasi; FA18-R06-031; LHR TP 5969; Dr. M. Shahid NazirCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a class of advanced porous materials with outstanding properties such as less density, excellent surface area, and adjustable pore structure and size. These materials proved themselves promising in several fields including separation science, catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine. Recently, many techniques have been developed to synthesize different types of COFs for instance boron-based COFs, imine-based COF, hydrazine-based COFs, and ketoenamine-based COFs according to the nature of linkers and the purpose of application. Among these types of COFs, imine-based COFs are found to be most potential candidate for various applications. Major selection factors in the synthesis of COFs include stability of monomers and facile synthesis route at room temperature. Keeping in view all the above aspects, an imine-based COF has been synthesized at room temperature. Triformylbenzene (TFB) and benzidine (BD) monomers reacted at reported conditions and successfully obtained COF, donated as TFB-BD. Successful synthesis and structure of the COF TFB-BD was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. In FTIR the C=N peak at 1617 cm-1 clearly indicated the formation of framework between the two monomers. In XRD strongest diffraction peak at 2Ө at 2.66° presented confirmation of crystalline nature of synthesized COF-TFB-BD. Furthermore, in SEM and TEM imaging, the morphological characteristic showed porous nature of the prepared COF. Literature describes the utilization of this COF may be explored for biomedical application.