Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Filler Mixed Matrix Membrane for Dyes Degradation

Abstract

It is acknowledged that water is the survival key for life on earth. Millions of human lives expire due to privation of water quality, ineffective management as well as low-quality wastewater treatment protocols. Water contamination involves the addition of harmful impurities e.g., herbicides, pesticides, dyes, resins etc.. According to survey, above 0.7 million tons of organic dyes are manufactured per annum that are used in many commercial products of cosmetics, painting, foods, plastic, textile etc. Dyes from the textile industry has been identified as the most polluting agent in comparison to others in industrial sector due to the discharge of around 25% leaching of toxic chemicals to water system. Among these dyes, azo dyes contribute nearly 50% of these contaminations. Various protocols are approved and tested for the removal of dye color in wastewater, that are classified as chemical, physical, and biological methods. Among these, the conventional biological protocols are cited as less effective due to high salinity of dyes wastewater and high stability of dyes structure. Currently, photo-catalysis has been reflected as an effective protocol for the destruction of dye due to easy treatment protocols, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Among various photocatalysts, Polyoxometalates (POMs) are contributing much more due to effective photodegradation nature, low-cost and easy synthesis protocol. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are polyatomic anions comprising transition metal oxyanions associated with bridged oxygen atoms resulting in closed three-dimensional assemblies. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous constituents consist of several organic ligands and metal nodes through coordination links, which are characterized by a high degree of modularity, excellent porosity and versatility. Due to high surface area, well crystalline structure, porous nature and tunable properties of linkers, MOFs showed numerous impending applications such as, energy storage, gas uptake, heterogeneous catalysis, pollutant elimination etc. POMs and MOF hybrids such as POM based metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have been mostly reported in multidisciplinary research fields as brilliant candidates due to their characteristics properties. However, high solubility of POMs and difficulty facing in dealing powder catalyst limits their application on industrial scale