Department of Chemistry
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/14
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item Cellulose Nanozyme Composites for the Remediation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Wasama Intikhab; CIIT/SP24-R06-020/LHR; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 10025In this research, the synthesis and description of a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) derived Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe₃O₄ composite will be sought in which the intended purpose will be to utilize the compound in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. The rationale behind the use of the CNC is that it is biocompatible with high surface area and has the potential to provide a successful support structure of metal oxides. The compounds were found to be very effective in removing contaminants, which was enhanced by the addition of Fe3O4, Zn and Mn nanoparticles that enhanced the catalytic and adsorption characteristics of the compounds. It was determined, as a consequence of the experimental work, that the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe₃O₄@CNC composite exhibited a good catalytic degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants and most particularly under varied pH condition and greatest activity at pH alkalinity. The effectiveness of the functionalization and stability of the composite structure in the degradation process was validated by the UV-vis analysis and FTIR analysis. The paper introduces the prospect of the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe₃O₄@CNC composite as a new environmental friendly and a high promising material in the process of advanced wastewater treatment that will serve as a sustainable solution to the pharmaceutical pollution and will aid in preserving the environment and human health.Item Facile Synthesis of MOF for Enhanced Photo- fenton Degradation of Pesticide from Model Wastewater(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Amir Mushtaq; CIIT/SP24-R06-001/LHR; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 10013Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have proved to be a porous material of high surface area, adjustable chemical properties, whereas spinel ferrite nanoparticles have distinct magnetic and electronic properties and their composites are of great interest to the environment. In this research, a useful and efficient photocatalytic compound, MOF-5 and Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, was effectively prepared by attaching the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles onto the MOF-5 structure. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of typical diffraction peaks of the two MOF-5 and Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, which show that the composite was formed without phase segregating and the crystalline structure of MOF-5 remained intact. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed several peaks of the metal-oxygen and metal-metal-oxygen stretching vibrations of Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 and the vibrations of the MOF-5 organic linkers indicating that the nanoparticles were highly interacting with the MOF framework. The distribution of Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles in porous MOF-5 was shown based on the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) images, which indicated a uniform distribution in the interconnected microstructure of the material, resulting in high surface area and easy accessibility of the active site. The composite was studied by UV- Visible spectroscopy, revealing specific absorption peaks within the range of 200-800 nm, with minor variations to pure MOF-5, and bandgap was calculated to be 1.87 eV, which has better light-harvesting properties and the possibility of visible-light driven photocatalysis. Under optimal conditions identified with the analysis of the Design Expert, the degradation of imidacloprid in model wastewater was performed under following conditions: reaction pH 4, a constant dosage of 10 mg catalyst, 112.5 μL hydrogen peroxide, and 40 ppm imidacloprid in 10 min reaction time, and the maximum degradation efficiency reached 97.95%, this highlights composite’s efficiency and applicability in environmental remediation.Item Synthesis and Characterization of MOF-on-MOF Hybrid for the Application of Photocatalysis(LHR TP 8641, 2023-02-27) Alia Farooq; SP22-R06-002; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 8641Metal organic frameworks, made-up of organic ligands and inorganic connections used for extensive applications. The current study focused on the synthesis of efficient novel ZIF-67@MIL-96(Al) core shell hybrid for effective electrocatalytic water splitting. Hybrid was synthesized by solvothermal approach in which ZIF-67 serves as a shell and MIL-96(Al) as a core. For enhancing their stability novel hybrid was modified with CTAB and APTES. Synthesized and modified hybrids were characterized by IR and XRD, which were used to analyze the crystallinity and functional groups. The characterization peaks describe the successful formation of MOFs, MOF on MOF Hybrid & Modified Hybrids. The performance of this core shell novel material in terms of its ability to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction in the process of water splitting was then assessed. The novel ZIF-67@MIL-96(Al) hybrid exhibits a very low overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, as well as a Tafel slope of 62 mV dec−1. These performance metrics surpass those of both ZIF-67 & MIL-96(Al), which has overpotential of 272 mV 240 mV and Tafel values are 75 mV.dec-1 & 82 mV. dec-1. Furthermore, the electrode that was constructed exhibited remarkable chemical stability, therefore generating new opportunities for studying water splitting electrocatalysts which are essential for sustainable energy conversion. Hierarchical nanoarrays with core-shelled structure maximize active sites and efficient mass & electron transit increased electrochemical reaction surface area. This study describes a simple way to make excellent electrocatalysts for electrolysis of water, storage, and electrochemical energy conversion applications.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose based MOF for Photo-Catalytic Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-26) Zarmina Ali; SP20-R06-015; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 7569Metal organic frameworks are porous materials which are formed by the combination of organic and inorganic substances joined together by coordinate covalent bonds. This class of compounds possess many unique characteristic features. Such as high porosity, large surface area, stability and ability to modify their properties. MOFs are widely used for water treatment, sensing applications, in catalysis, removal of contaminants from air, and in targeted drug delivery applications. The Bio–MOFs with polysaccharides functionalities have gained a lot of importance due to their biocompatible nature and strengthened structures, without affecting internal properties of MOFs. Cellulose is a biodegradable, cost effective natural material which can be used to enhance the porosity, crystallinity & surface area of MOFs .However, Cellulose based MOFs show poor aqueous stability because cellulose swells in water due to its hydrophilic nature. In this work, hydrophobic composite of cellulose based Ni MOF composite is synthesized and has been explored for photocatalytic dye degradation. Aqueous stability of novel composite was achieved by its modification through adipic acid. After synthesizing cellulose from cotton stalk, it has been converted into nanocrystals to get versatile properties that is higher crystallinity. Ni MOF possesses excellent feature of narrow Band gap region (2.3 eV approximately).Narrow regions cause to improve the absorption of light rays, thereby facilitating dye degradation through photocatalysis. Two different combinations of MOFs that is CNCs @ Ni-MOF & CNCs @ AP@ Ni-MOF are synthesized. Kappa no. of extracted cellulose was found to be 30.5, which showed effective removal of lignin content from it.These novel composites are characterized via FTIR at each step during their preparation to confirm the successful modification. For CNCs @AP @ Ni MOF, the characteristic peak at 712cm-1 shows O-Ni-O bonding. The major peaks present in the regions of 3339 and 1102 cm−1, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of -OH functionality and glycosidic linkage (C-O-C) respectively. One of the major peak which proves the modification by adipic acid, was appeared at 1440 cm−1, ascribed the bendingItem Synthesis and Characterization of Polysaccharide-MOF Composites for Environmental Remediation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Osama Kokab; SP20-R06-002; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 7557MOFs are porous co-ordination networks/polymers which are highly crystalline substances with enhanced porosity, large surface area and improved overall attributes. These cages comprise of metal ion clusters which serve as the secondary building units (SBUs). Based on the coordination geometry of the organic linkers with metal ions; their structure and unique attributes can vary accordingly. Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8) have improved structural porosity, flexibility, surface functionality and crystalline nature making it feasible to be utilized in various applications including the gas storage, CO2 adsorption, alkane/alkene separation and the catalysis. The biodegradability, higher surface area, and flexible binding interaction between the cellulose and ZIF-8 have made it an ideal choice for the various water remediation applications. The poor wet chemistry of the ZIF8-Cellulose composite is reported previously as the cellulose swells and loose dimensional stability in aqueous media. To overcome this problem, the ZIF8-APTES-Cellulose composite is synthesized which have high hydrophobicity and aqueous stability. The wet chemistry is tested by measuring the water contact angle which is 139.5°. The FTIR analysis shows a significant peak at 450cm-1 confirming the Zn-N bond along with peaks at 1550cm-1, 1480 cm-1, 1080cm-1, and 1020 cm-1 confirming the N-H bending of APTES, C=N vibration, C-N vibration of imidazole and C-O vibration of the composite respectively. Moreover, XRD analysis of the composite shows characteristic peak positions at 7.3°, 10.3°, 12.7°, 18°, 22.7° and 35.02° confirming the presence of ZIF8, APTES and cellulose. The dye degradation efficiency for the composite is explored at different conditions such as pH, dose of adsorbent, and concentration of dyes to achieve the optimized results. The maximum efficiency for the degradation of Congo Red dye is achieved 95% with 4mg dose of adsorbent at pH 4.0. This study opens up avenue for the dye remediation of wastewater.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Al-Based Metal Organic Framework for Environmental Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Maria Shamim; FA19-R06-003; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 7325Metal organic framework, also called porous co-ordination networks are highly advanced class of crystalline materials with high porosity. MOFs synthesis is influenced via various factors such as solvent, pH and temperature of the system and can be synthesized via various routes. MOFs functionalization can be carried out pre-synthetically or via post-synthetic mode while there are various methods for the activation of MOFs out of which thermal activation is immensely in practice. Synthesis of environment friendly and water stable MOFs is the need of the hour, to be used in environmental applications. Aluminium being the light metal with smaller ionic radius and higher charge makes hydrothermally stable MOFs; a distinguished feature fit to carry out environmental applications such as dye adsorption and heavy metal remediation. Among variously synthesized MOFs, MIL-96(Al) stands out significantly in terms of stability. Three different combinations of MOFs 1) CTAB Modified MIL-96(Al) 2) CTAB-Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al) 3) Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al)/Ag-CTAB, are prepared using MIL-96(Al). These MOFs are characterized via FTIR at each step of their synthesis to confirm the synthesis. XRD has been carried out to confirm the crystallinity of the synthesized materials. MIL-96(Al) is a microcrystalline structure, as proved from 2Ө using XRD studies; characteristics peaks appearing at 9.2o and 11.2o. Average crystal size is determined to be 30.84nm for CTAB Modified MIL-96(Al), 30.95nm for CTAB-Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al) and 16.98nm for Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al)/Ag-CTAB. These synthesized MOFs have turned out be efficient adsorbent for dye removal such as methylene blue. Adsorption efficiencies of CTAB Modified MIL-96(Al), CTAB-Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al) and Fe3O4@MIL-96(Al)/Ag-CTAB are found to be 71.16%, 83.04% and 63.28%, respectively. Further, presence of certain functional groups in these MOFs can be suggestive of their use to be explored in heavy metal remediation as well.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen Base Covalent Organic Framework for Environmental Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Malka Shahid; A19-R06-027; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 7319Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures due to their large structural diversity, inherent porosity, and excellent stability has been acknowledged as an excellent and versatile platform for gas adsorption, gas, and energy storage, as the heterogenous catalyst, in optoelectronic devices, in chemical sensing, treatment of wastewater, pollutants detection and their removal, photoconductivity, biomedical applications and for dye adsorption. Several different dyes are used for different applications to overcome the environmental parameters suitable dye storage, dye release, and dye removal method is required. So our main objective was to figure a desirable COF of resplendent porosity and stability with a less heat-intensive method for dye application. These days, there has been a major sake given to the development of the nanocomposites by employing the nanoscale panorama in one of two constituents. To produce nanocomposites of amended structure and corporeal features, the maintenance of nanoparticles and agglomeration is necessary for technological application. In this sense, Iron and Iron oxide nanoparticles have been considered as an efficient material for dye removal but iron-based magnetic nanoparticles (such as Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O) have very low stability in harsh conditions, and decomposition of material result in loss of their magnetic properties. In this study, the modification of COFs is done by the preparation of Iron-based magnetic COFs (Fe3O4@LZU-1) which also ensue the stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles. For the preparation of Fe3O4 @LZU-1, a very facile approach is utilized which shows excellent chemical stability. Synthesis of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@LZU1 was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. In FTIR spectra of Fe3O4@LZU-1, C=N appears at 1622 cm-1 that confirms the condensation reaction between two selected monomers. In XRD all the characteristics peaks were observed in the sample of Fe3O4 NPs and Fe3O4@LZU-1 fitted well with the JCPDS database (Card no. 075-1609) indicating that the formation of shell on the surface of NPs does not cause any evident change in diffraction peaks. According to the previous studies in Fe3O4 NPs for achieving the superparamagnetism, the estimated particles size is considered to be below 20 nm, and here in our reported work particle size for both magnetic nanoparticles and COF x magnetic nanocomposite is 11.93 and 10.58 nm which shows high magnetization saturationItem Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles for Removal of Arsenic from Model Wastewater(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Muhammad Yar; FA18-R06-020; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6498The goal of this research is to synthesize and characterize the different composition of magnetic Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. It has been reported that nanoparticles can adsorb pollutants more efficiently from wastewater as compared to other adsorbents due to their small size, high surface area, magnetic properties, high chemical reactivity and selectivity. Nanoparticles can be prepared by different methods e.g., co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, solution combustion, and pulse-laser ablation where co-precipitation is more efficient due to its properties like cost effective, , simple methodology, better homogeneity, and rapid operation. Different methods have been used to remove pollutant from water but adsorption method for separation is most popular due to easier methodology, requires lesser volume for process, high efficiency, easiness and characteristic of regeneration and produce lower volume of sludge. Synthesis of Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 and Zn0.5Mn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XRD used as adsorbent for removal of contaminants from wastewater. In XRD graph, strong peaks at 300, 340, 350, 430, 520, 550, 640 confirm the formation of crystalline cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra of sintered cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles correlated with peaks 1102 cm-1 and 1454 cm-1 of nanoparticles from literature which confirms the formation without the presence of –OH group on the surface due to sintering. These composition shows large surface area of 22.42 (m2/g) and porosity is 3.8 nm in reported analysis which enables them to show high adsorption and they can easily separate out from solution after adsorption due to their magnetic nature by applying external magnetic field. Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 showed high adsorption capacity of MO and can remove 80% of MO from water in 20 min.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Imine Linked-Covalent Organic Frameworks for Drug Control Release Studies(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Awais Ali Aslam; SP19-R06-013; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6516Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new class of emerging porous crystalline materials that have outstanding properties like high surface area, less density and controlled pore size and structure. Owing these outstanding properties COFs proved themselves as excellent materials in numerous fields such as gas separation, gas storage, energy storage, catalysis and biomedical. Based on different building units COFs have been classified into boron containing COFs, imine-based COFs, hydrazine-based COFs and imide-based COFs. Various synthetic approaches have been explored for the construction of COFs such as solvothermal method, microwave method, ionothermal method and room temperature synthesis method. Two factors are very important for the synthesis of COFs, one is selection of building units and second is suitable conditions. Here we synthesize imine linked COF at room temperature. Successful synthesis of imine linked COF-LZU1 was done by the condensation reaction between Triformyl benzene and 1,4-diaminobenzene. COF-LZU1 was modified with Ag particles by the reaction between silver nitrate and COF-LZU1. Synthesis of COF-LZU1 and Ag@COF-LZU1 was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. In FTIR spectra C=N appears at 1616 cm-1 that confirms the condensation reaction between two selected monomers. In XRD strong diffraction peak at 2Ɵ at 4.78o confirms the crystalline nature of COF-LZU1. COF-LZU1 showed the photocatalytic degradation of MB and CR dyes in visible light with percentage degradation of 72.21 and 67.7, respectively.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Filler Mixed Matrix Membrane for Dyes Degradation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Bushra Anees Palvasha; FA18-R06-021; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6499It is acknowledged that water is the survival key for life on earth. Millions of human lives expire due to privation of water quality, ineffective management as well as low-quality wastewater treatment protocols. Water contamination involves the addition of harmful impurities e.g., herbicides, pesticides, dyes, resins etc.. According to survey, above 0.7 million tons of organic dyes are manufactured per annum that are used in many commercial products of cosmetics, painting, foods, plastic, textile etc. Dyes from the textile industry has been identified as the most polluting agent in comparison to others in industrial sector due to the discharge of around 25% leaching of toxic chemicals to water system. Among these dyes, azo dyes contribute nearly 50% of these contaminations. Various protocols are approved and tested for the removal of dye color in wastewater, that are classified as chemical, physical, and biological methods. Among these, the conventional biological protocols are cited as less effective due to high salinity of dyes wastewater and high stability of dyes structure. Currently, photo-catalysis has been reflected as an effective protocol for the destruction of dye due to easy treatment protocols, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Among various photocatalysts, Polyoxometalates (POMs) are contributing much more due to effective photodegradation nature, low-cost and easy synthesis protocol. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are polyatomic anions comprising transition metal oxyanions associated with bridged oxygen atoms resulting in closed three-dimensional assemblies. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous constituents consist of several organic ligands and metal nodes through coordination links, which are characterized by a high degree of modularity, excellent porosity and versatility. Due to high surface area, well crystalline structure, porous nature and tunable properties of linkers, MOFs showed numerous impending applications such as, energy storage, gas uptake, heterogeneous catalysis, pollutant elimination etc. POMs and MOF hybrids such as POM based metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have been mostly reported in multidisciplinary research fields as brilliant candidates due to their characteristics properties. However, high solubility of POMs and difficulty facing in dealing powder catalyst limits their application on industrial scale