Department of Chemistry
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Item Amino Acid Based MOF: A Promising Green Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions (HMIs)(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Hooria Aslam; CIIT/SP24-R06-008/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10017Heavy metal ion (HMI) contamination in freshwater resources has become a serious environmental and public health concern worldwide. Toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) can accumulate in living organisms and pose significant health risks due to their persistence and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, the development of efficient and sensitive methods for the detection of HMIs in water is essential before its utilization for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This study presents the synthesis of an amino acid-based Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) as a green and effective material for electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions. An energy-efficient microwave-assisted synthesis method was employed to prepare a MOF using bismuth and cobalt as central metal ions and L-tyrosine as the organic linker. L-tyrosine, a naturally occurring and biocompatible amino acid, was selected to enhance the environmental sustainability of the synthesized material. Microwave synthesis offers several advantages, including reduced reaction time, lower energy consumption, high product yield, and minimal environmental impact. The synthesized MOF exhibited excellent surface characteristics suitable for sensing applications. The incorporation of the ionic liquid BMIM BF₄ significantly improved the electrical conductivity, increased the availability of adsorption sites for heavy metal ions, and enhanced the sensing performance of the material. The developed electrochemical sensing platform demonstrated a large active surface area, efficient charge transfer capability, enhanced conductivity, and good operational stability. The structural and physicochemical properties of the synthesized composite were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the MOF-based electrode (L-Tyr-BiCo/IL/GCE) was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the developed amino acid-based MOF is a promising green material for the sensitive and reliable detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous environmentsItem Synthesis of MOF@Ppy Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Pollutant Detection(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2026) Saira Nasir; CIIT/SP24-R06-026/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10029Since the infrastructure for the management of water quality and sanitation could not support the rising numbers due to the growing population and urbanization, especially in emerging countries, the problem associated with higher metal levels becomes an important issue in water quality in most cities that are growing very quickly. An effective way for the detection of Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in water, which are hazardous to the environment and human health, becomes very important. Co-Zr-CAU-28@Ppy is a conductive nanocomposite with the structure consisting of the linker molecule ‘2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.’ Zirconium tetrachloride and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate are the metal ions. This study employs an innovative method for the preparation of the compound through the use of microwave. The purity and quality of the compounds are checked through respective FT-IR and XRD analyses. After this, the electrochemical analysis CV test was carried out to verify the good conductivity of the composite. Chemicals are compounds that have a specific chemical structure. The number of chemicals is vast; hence chemicals can be classified based on their nature, application, and interaction with the organisms in the environmentItem Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanocomposite with Graphene Enforcement for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ion in Water(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2023-03-13) Muhadsa Zahra; SP22-R06-001; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 8640Arsenic, one of nature's most prevalent environmental toxins, was found to be exceedingly abundant in the Earth's mantle during this thesis. Arsenic can manifest in various oxidation states (-3, 0, +3, and +5), with arsenite (As3+) being particularly toxic in natural water and surface soil. The extended presence of arsenic in these environments posed a significant risk to human well-being. Recognizing the critical importance of an effective sensing technique for the detection of As3+ ions, this study aimed to safeguard human health and well-being while preserving a beautiful and healthy biosphere. The advantages of electrochemical sensing, such as easy instrumentation, high sensitivity, strong selectivity, mobility, and on-site analysis capability, were considered. A Nanocomposite Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO was synthesized to detect very low levels of As3+ in water and achieve sensitivity up to 0.7 nM. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized material were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical behavior of the Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was demonstrated that, with the Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO/PGE, As3+ could be sensed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). As the concentration increased from 10 to 80 nM, a substantial linear response was achieved, with a limit of detection of 0.7 nM. The remarkable sensitivity of the Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO-modified PGE underscored its electroanalytical capabilities, suggesting its practical applicability in its as-prepared state for real-world scenariosItem Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Organic Framework based Nanostructured Composite for Environmental Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Muhammad Ashraf; SP22-R06-022; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 8661It is difficult to develop reliable techniques for the quick detection of heavy metal ions and related chemical species in water. There are many different species of mercury in the environment, and these species bio-amplify and become methylated to become organo-Hg species. Using FeCoMOF/PANI-NH2 as the starting substrate, we created a novel electrochemical technique called differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for the quick screening of free Hg+2 in water on a metal-organic framework (MOF) platform. Using bimetallic MOF structures incorporate on polyaniline surface that enhance the stability and conductivity of composite. To improve Hg 2 + detection performance, FeCoMOF/PANI-NH2 nanocomposites were added to the GCE. The conductivity and sensitivity of the FeCoMOF/PANI-NH2/GCE was higher than that of pure FeCoMOF/GCE. Because functionalized conductive polymers forms on FeCoMOF as a result of presence different metal nodes, electroanalytical performance is greatly enhanced. For the electrochemical detection of Hg+2, the GCE treated with FeCoMOF/PANI-NH2 nanocomposite demonstrated the greatest performance. Furthermore, the findings from the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests verified that the FeCOMOF/PANI-NH2 increased the rate of electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface.Item Design and Synthesis of Novel Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Water Remediation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Muhammad Abdullah Hashmi; SP23-R06-026; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9473Heavy metal ions (HMIs) contamination of fresh water bodies has raised concern all over the world. Among HMIs, arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are toxic and chronic to human health due to their bioaccumulation and non-degradability. Sensitive detection of these water bodies is very much necessary before utilization. Electrochemical sensing may be proved to be sensitive detection platform for HMIs detection. Herein, MOF of L glutamic acid as linker and copper as central metal ion was prepared by energy efficient microwave method. Glutamic acid is naturally available, biocompatible amino acid. Microwave production provide energy efficient, stable heating rate, lower reaction time, high yield and less environmental pollution method for MOF preparation. Excellent surface properties shown by as prepared MOF. Conductivity of MOF, adsorption sites for HMIs and potential window for sensing platform have enhanced by incorporating Ionic liquid (EMIM TFSI) with MOF. Therefore as prepared MOF (L-glu-cu)/IL composite exhibited high active surface area, good charge transfer rate, enhanced conductivity and stability over time for sensitive electrochemical detection of HMIs. Synthesized composite was characterized by XRD and FTIR. Electrochemical behavior of MOF (L glu-cu)/IL@GCE was identified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for detection of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Results demonstrated that linear detection range and lower limits of detection (LOD) for these three HMIs individually and simultaneously. Obtained limit of detection (LOD) for As (III), Pb (II) and Hg (II) were 2.69ngL-1, 2.201ngL-1 and 3.323ngL-1 respectively.Item Synthesis of Novel Nanocomposite Based ElectrochemicalSensing Platform for Water Remediation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Samreen Riaz; FA22-R06-005; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9320One resilient element that is frequently utilized in many manufacturing operations is lead. Because of its enduring nature, it can linger in the atmosphere for quite a while and is harmful to the functioning of biological systems. Mining operations, along with incineration, are the main sources of copper release. As your liver is the first organ to access copper accumulation when it enters the bloodstream, chronic copper poisoning primarily affects it. The supposed advantages of electrochemical sensing are the simplicity of the apparatus, the extreme sensitivity and robust specificity of the test, mobility, and the ability to analyze the target analyte on-site. A nanocomposite of UiO-66-NH2@Ppy NWs@CoFe2O4 was prepared to determine trace amounts of copper and lead ions in water. The atomic structure and physicochemical properties of the prepared material were examined using XRD. The electrochemical behavior of the GCE modified with UiO-66-NH2@Ppy-NWs@CoFe2O4 was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was demonstrated that, with the UiO-66-NH2@Ppy NWs@CoFe2O4, Pb2+ and Cu2+ could be sensed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). As the concentration increased from 10 to 100 nM, a substantial linear response was achieved, with a lower limit of detection. The high sensitivity of the UiO-66-NH2@Ppy-NWs@CoFe2O4/GCE towards the electroanalytical applications marked its use for real-world applications in its as-prepared state.Item Synthesis of Cellulose based Nanocomposite for the Potential Application in Electrochemical Sensor(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Muhammad Junaid Talib Awan; FA21-R06-003; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 8639High surface area, structural flexibility, and the ability to selectively detect metal ions have all contributed to the rise of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a class of useful materials for sensing applications. With the goal of detecting metal ions, this thesis explores the synthesis, characterization, and use of a composite material made of Cu-CA MOF, polyaniline (PANI), and expanded graphite (EG). The fundamental goal of this research is to investigate how incorporating Cu-CA MOF, PANI, and EG into a composite material can increase its sensitivity to metal ions. The Cu-CA MOF serves as a very porous support material, allowing the PANI and EG to be distributed throughout the composite. PANI, a conductive polymer, adds electrical conductivity and more sites for attaching metal ions, while EG, a conductive network, boosts electron transport and sensor performance in general. The synthesis of the Cu-CA MOF/PANI/EG composite material is a multi-step process that begins with the fabrication of Cu-CA MOF and continues with the integration of PANI and EG. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrochemical analysis are all used to characterize the resultant composite. By exposing the Cu-CA MOF/PANI/EG composite to silver metal ions, we can gauge its sensing performance. The composite material and metal ions interact, leading to changes in electrical conductivity or other quantifiable signals, which are used as the sensing mechanism. The composite's selectivity, sensitivity, and response time are studied for a variety of metal ions and compared to those of established sensing materials. The findings show that the Cu-CA MOF/PANI/EG composite has great sensing capacities for silver metal ions, with good sensitivity and selectivity. The composite material has shown encouraging results in detecting silver metal ions. We also test the composite's durability, reusability, and performance in complex sample matrices to see if it has any practical uses.structural flexibilityItem Fabrication of Nanocomposite-based Sensor for Selective Detection of Heavy Metal Ion in Aqueous Media(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Jazba Rosheen; SP23-R06-011; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9460Heavy metals contamination is a severe quality concern in many fast-growing cities, because maintenance of water quality and sanitation infrastructure were not increased with population and urbanization growth especially for the developing countries. Lead (Pb²⁺) and Mercury (Hg²⁺), in water pose enormous environmental and health issues that make it imperative to produce an efficient detection method. SU-101 MOF@Ppy NWs is a conducting nanocomposite material composed of Bismuth metal with ellagic acid as a linker, fabricated with the help of the novel microwave-assisted methodology, in this research study. Before testing the conductivity of this nanocomposite, FTIR analysis was done appropriately to ensure the structural reliability and purity of the obtained compounds. Electrochemical studies, including CV and EIS, demonstrated enhanced conductivity of the SU-101 MOF@PpyNWs nanocomposite. Square Wave Voltammetry further proved it to be a promising detection material for Lead and Mercury, suggesting its importance as a heavy metal ion detector in aqueous media. The Limit of Detection calculated was 2.026ng/L and 2.184ng/L for Pb2+ and Hg2+ respectively.Item Synthesis and Characterization of PANI@cellulose Nanocomposite based Electrochemical Sensor for Environmental Remediation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-26) Nageen Shoukat; SP20-R06-010; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 7564In this work, porous CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam sensor electrode has been designed using electospinning of CA/PANI composite on Ni-foam and then drop casting of CuO-NiO nanoparticles for detection of bisphenol A (BPA). 3D nickel foam has been chosen as electrode substrate for the direct growth of CA/PANI since Ni-foam has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity, low cost, commercial availability, and porous structure, which provides large surface area for synthesis of nanofibers. This direct grown structure of CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam provides exceptional properties, such as reduced resistance, good electron transport, better adhesion stability and the excellent electrical conductivity as compared with non-direct synthesized electrode. Furthermore, a synergetic effect between CuO-NiO/CA/PANI and Ni-foam substrate enables the electrode for excellent sensing behavior towards BPA. The resultant CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance and differential pulse voltammetry were used for evaluation of synthesized sensor’s performance against BPA. Under optimal conditions, a linear response was observed against BPA and very low limit of detection as well (LOD=0.6uM). The CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam electrode demonstrated high reproducibility, consistency, and stability when used to detect BPA in water. The synthesized sensor's results demonstrated that it was extremely selective for the detection of BPA, suggesting that it could be useful in environmental based surveillances.Item Study of Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite Sheets for Potential Application in Flexible Electronics(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-26) MUHAMMAD HABIB UR REHMAN; SP20-R06-017; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 7571Cellulose, an abundant, cheap and bio-compatible polymer have been widely used in writing and packaging for decades. In modern world it has found a vast range of high tech applications such as flexible electronics. It is anticipated that use of cellulose substrate in flexible electronics can reduced millions tons of electronic waste. In this work lemongrass leaves were used as cellulose source to prepare cellulose sheets. The characterization techniques such as FTIR and XRD were used to confirm that fabrication of cellulose substrate. The analysis on cellulose substrate was performed by using two conventionally used methods in electronics e.g., electro spraying of conductive ink and adhesive copper tape. Poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene: Poly styrene sulfonic acid (PSS: PEDOT) was used as conducting ink for electro-spraying. The substrate, electro-sprayed for 6 minutes and curred at 80 °C for 40 minutes, showed remarkable results. Comparison of substrate behavior was made between synthesized cellulose substrate and commercially used reference PET substrate by using adhesive copper tape. Current-voltage measurement were recorded for the conductance study. Results of cellulose substrates behavior similar to that of reference substrate show that it can be a potential candidate of eco-friendly substrate for electronics; addressing the need for biodegradable, cost-effective and environment friendly green electronics especially in the fabrication of recyclable microwave components and antennas.