Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanocomposite with Graphene Enforcement for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ion in Water

Abstract

Arsenic, one of nature's most prevalent environmental toxins, was found to be exceedingly abundant in the Earth's mantle during this thesis. Arsenic can manifest in various oxidation states (-3, 0, +3, and +5), with arsenite (As3+) being particularly toxic in natural water and surface soil. The extended presence of arsenic in these environments posed a significant risk to human well-being. Recognizing the critical importance of an effective sensing technique for the detection of As3+ ions, this study aimed to safeguard human health and well-being while preserving a beautiful and healthy biosphere. The advantages of electrochemical sensing, such as easy instrumentation, high sensitivity, strong selectivity, mobility, and on-site analysis capability, were considered. A Nanocomposite Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO was synthesized to detect very low levels of As3+ in water and achieve sensitivity up to 0.7 nM. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized material were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical behavior of the Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was demonstrated that, with the Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO/PGE, As3+ could be sensed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). As the concentration increased from 10 to 80 nM, a substantial linear response was achieved, with a limit of detection of 0.7 nM. The remarkable sensitivity of the Cu-Fe/GA@NS-rGO-modified PGE underscored its electroanalytical capabilities, suggesting its practical applicability in its as-prepared state for real-world scenarios