Department of Electrical Engineering
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Item Propulsion control of aerial vehicle using online control allocation approach(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020) Javairia Mehar,; FA18-REE-004; Dr. Mirza Tariq Hamayun; LHR TP 7886Propulsion Control of Aerial Vehicle using On-Line Control Allocation Approach Control Allocation (CA) is one of the reconfiguration approaches to manage actuator redundancy in over actuated systems in an effective way, so that the fault tolerance can be achieved. There is a wide range of algorithms and approaches which include linear as well as quadratic programming-based CA schemes. Such schemes can deal with constraints on the control input, but these methods cannot be represented in explicit form.Reliability is an important property in Fault Tolerant Control domain and managing redundant actuators optimally plays a vital role to achieve this goal. In this thesis to handle the issue happening in actuators channels through Integral sliding mode FTC scheme by taking advantage of redundant actuators through online control allocation scheme designed for Propulsion Control application, (where only the engines thrust is available) for a safe landing. It is presumed that the health information of actuators is available for the proposed FTC scheme. Here, both lateral and longitudinal models of a large airplane are considered to design separate controller for each modes of operation. The viability level of the actuators is utilized by the control distribution conspire to reallocate the control signs to adjust engines push whenever actuators-failures happens without reconfiguring the controller. The main objective in this thesis is safe landing when system is totally dependent upon engines thrust. The effectiveness of the proposed propulsion control scheme against deficiencies is tried in simulations using MATLAB in view of an enormous vehicle airplane model. The basic purpose to design this scheme is emergency safe landing in case of total hydraulic failures. The proposed scheme using online control allocation is compared with direct control allocation to show its effectiveness.Item Analysis of the islanded microgrid resilience under normal and extreme events using soft computing techniques(COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020) M. Shebaz Asiam,; FA18-REE-014; Prof. Dr. Sobia Baig Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 7885Analysis of the Islanded Microgrid Resilience under Normal and Extreme Events using Soft Computing Techniques Smart operational strategies are considered cost-effective through the implementation of microgrids (MGs). Their implementation can provide a continuous power supply for critical loads during these extreme choice events. It is reliable for increasing distributed system resilience against extreme disruption events because of its operational flexibility, islanding capability, and consumer engagement when a system malfunction is detected. The electrical power distribution system resilience must be enhanced to ensure continuous power during natural disasters. Smart operational strategies and system hardening may be applied to achieve this. When the power transmission and distribution network is subjected to extreme disruptions, power system hardening measures are widely used to secure the network. However, hardening the entire network will increase the overall cost. Smart operational strategies are considered cost-effective through the implementation of microgrids. The maximum capacity load considered for normal load mode is 1000 kW rating, the medium-capacity load for energy conservation is 500 Kw, whereas the critical load for an emergency is 250 kW. Their implementation can provide a continuous power supply for critical loads during these extreme events. It is a reliable choice for increasing distributed system resilience against extreme disruption events because of its operational flexibility, islanding capability, and consumer engagement when a system malfunction is detected. In this study, a bidirectional “Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)” has been realized to deal with system resilience during islanded grid mode/operation in the event of a major disaster as well as in normal conditions. The system involves the utilization of solar, wind, battery, and load. We propose to develop a control algorithm for the system's current state. This algorithm allows effectively boosts the resilience and makes the optimal selection between the emergency, energy conservation, and normal modes. The designed fuzzy rule-based system takes appropriate action depending on the current state of solar power, wind power, battery state of charge (SOC), and wind-solar forecast. This research work has produced simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the system’s resilience in normal and abnormal conditions. Moreover, a performance comparison between the presented strategy and “Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)” controllers has been carried out. The main aim is to compare the performance of a MG’s load modes for the normal situation as well as for disrupted events. For comparison, the developed system is tested for various scenarios. From the simulation results, it is evident that the proposed FLC effectively boostsItem A Research On Clock-Synchronous Sleep And Wake(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2016) Usama Masood; FA12-MSEE-018; Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 6980A Research on Clock-Synchronous Sleep and Wake Scheduling Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks Network Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of a unique set of resources like on-board battery and wireless communication devices with limited bandwidth. WSN offers a wide range of applications for monitoring space or targets. WSN is capable of performing simple processing tasks like tracking, detection of an event, or classification and may consist of multiple nodes that can process the information and communicate with nearby nodes in real-time for environmental monitoring, event detection, surveillance, object tracking, battlefield situation monitoring, and data collection etc. However, there are certain limitations in deploying WSN efficiently such as in terms of limited power resource for a single node in WSN, limited processing capability and varying network life time. It had been shown that wireless communication to and from sensor nodes consumes significantly more battery power in comparison to power expended in sensing, computation and memory access procedures. One of the possible solutions to this problem is to communicate as sparingly as possible through efficient sleep/wake scheduling for WSN nodes to extend node and network lifetime. A major research issue in WSN is to develop an energy efficient MAC protocol that not only provides increase in network lifetime but also addresses latency. In this research, a new MAC protocol is designed using sleep/wake scheduling for WSN. Though energy consumption in WSN is unavoidable due to communication necessity and for different stages like idle listening, retransmission, channel sensing and overhearing; this proposed protocol will help in decreasing this energy consumption. Energy efficiency and latency of the proposed sleep/wake scheduling scheme is evaluated and compared with the state of the art research. An AEL (Accounting for Energy and Latency) factor is introduced which is the deciding element for active and sleep cycles of the node. This said AEL factor defines the minimum duty cycle among the network nodes and is specified prior to nodes deployment depending upon application requirements. In the proposed protocol, the nodes adjust their duty cycles according to this AEL factor depending upon traffic load, their position and their connectivity in the network. The effect of this AEL factor on energy efficiency and delay is evaluated for different network densities in this research thesis. While incorporating sleep/wake scheduling for energy efficiency, delays are added in the network to route packet from node towards sink. Therefore, it is necessary to address latency for MAC protocol especially for delay constrained applications. This research thesis focuses on sleep/wake scheduling scheme ensuring energy efficiency, decreased latency and increased network lifetime by selecting an appropriate AEL value. The research includes the comparison of the proposed protocol with state of the art research and has shown significant percentage improvements in energy efficiency and delay from S-MAC and Anycast protocolItem Real Time Implimentation Of High Power Three Phase(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Ayesha Khan,; FA18-REE-005; Dr, Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery, Assistant ProfesorElectric power quality is a business issue and requires a lot of attention. If a failure exists due to internal integration of the power system in any one of the internal networks, it would cause uncomplimentary consequences to the entire power system. Current harmonics and their mitigation is the topic of interest in industries due to the excessive use of non-linear load that causes to reduce the life of the equipment and degrades the electric power quality. So, harmonic pollution in the system rises and in order to reduce it, a Hybrid shunt active harmonic power filter (HSAHPF) is designed and simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK. For power quality improvement, Digital Real-time and efficient hardware in the loop (HIL) controller is implemented for testing the efficacy using instantaneous active and reactive power theory (Pq0) and instantaneous active and reactive current theory (Id-Iq) as control algorithms for reference current generation in HSAHPF. The control algorithms are employed in a cost-effective microcontroller i.e Arduino MEGA. The real-time simulations from SIMULINK are interacting with the controller for generating reference currents in the HIL technique based on Pq0 and Id-Iq control algorithms. For the inner control loop, switching signals are generated by Hysteresis Current Controller or PWM and charging/ discharging of the capacitor is conserved with the use of the PI controller. The real-time testing of HSAHPF using controller HIL simulations have demonstrated the ability of control algorithms to run in a portable embedded device. The system response for both of the implemented control algorithms in Arduino provides minimum THD with improved stability time. Through this HIL approach, mitigation of harmonics and better-quality power attained with power factor near to unity is also verified experimentally.Item Short Term And Medium Term Electrial Load Forecast(Publisher COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2020) Umar Javed,; FA18-REE-026; Dr. Muhammad Javad, Assistant Profesor,The electrical load forecasting finds its application in several federal policy related matters, network expansion, and suitable allocation of energy resources within masses. The planning institutions of power utilities in Pakistan are making use of traditional statistical methodologies for electrical load forecasting purpose, which are not capable of incorporating system non-linearities effectively. The modern day deep neural network based non-linear parametric modeling techniques are more suitable to handle the system dynamics and non-linearities effectively, rather than traditionally employed statistical methodologies. In this research work, Long Short-Term Memory based Recurrent Neural Network model (RNN-LSTM) is developed and implement for the load forecasting of Pakistan. The temporal and climatic factors are also embedded as input parameters in these forecasting models after thorough exploratory data analysis. The results of RNN-LSTM are compared with different linear and non linear parametric modeling techniques. The qualitative and quantitative comparison among all linear and non-linear parametric methodologies reveals that the proposed RNN - LSTM outperforms among all other forecasting models.