Department of Management Science
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Item How International Director on the Board Affects the Firm Performance and CSR in Pakistan? The Mediating Role of Risk(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Duaa Arfad; FA21-RMS-009; Dr. Waseem AnwarThe main aim of the study is to examine the influence of international directors on a firm’s performance and CSR of Pakistani listed firms and explore the mediating impact of risk between international directors and firm performance. This study sample consists of 140 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2012 to 2020. International directors, financial performance, and CSR data are collected manually from the organization’s annual reports. An internationally experienced director is used as a proxy to measure international directors on the board. Binary logistics regression analysis is used to check the impact of International directors on CSR. Hayes Mediation Analysis – 4 is used to measure the mediating impact of risk between international directors and firm performance. The finding of this study provides evidence that the presence of international directors on the board positively and significantly enhances the firm performance and CSR activities of Pakistani firms. Similarly, the results also demonstrate that risk mediates the relationship between international directors and firm performance. The practical implications of international directors on firm performance and CSR have implications for regulatory bodies and policymakers. Authorities may consider creating an enabling environment that encourages the appointment of international directors on the boards of Pakistani firms. They can facilitate knowledge-sharing platforms, promote cultural diversity, and provide guidance on incorporating global standards into local governance frameworks. Moreover, policymakers can focus on promoting CSR practices by offering incentives, implementing reporting requirements, and creating supportive legal frameworks. This is the first study in Pakistan to show the effect of international directors’ present on the board on firm performance and CSR. Also, this study aims to assess the impact of international directors on firm performance while taking into account the mediating role of risk in this relationship. This study contributes to the prior literature on corporate governance, risk, CSR and firm performance. The main limitations of the study are that only non-financial corporations were included in this study, opening new research x opportunities to compare and contrast these results with the financial sectors which may alter the results. Future research could include an in-depth analysis covering all listed companies in Pakistan to establish the relationships described in the study and increase the generalizability of the results.Item Effect of Board Interlocking on Firm Performance through Innovation: Moderating Role of Firms’ Slack Resources and Gender Diversity(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Areeg Arfa; FA21-RMS-010; Dr. Sadaf EhsanThis study examines the impact of board interlocking on firm performance through innovation as a mediator and slack resources and gender diversity as the moderators influencing the association between board interlocking and innovation. The sample uses panel data consisting of non-financial firms from 2008 to 2021 listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study evaluates the sample size of 148 non-financial firms and uses the Hayes moderation-mediation model 7 to test the hypothesis. The finding of this study is that there is a positive mediating role of innovation on the board interlocking and FP. The moderator's firms’ slack resources have a negative effect whereas gender diversity has a positive impact on the association of board interlocking and innovation that leads to performance. Stock owners may increase their capital by organizing effective CG (corporate governance) through the appointment of interlocks among the board members. This enhances FP by transforming other companies' innovation and by implementing effective management controls. Board members can boost their experience and knowledge by performing concurrently at multiple companies (BI), thereby improving the efficiency of the companies. Independent practitioners enhance productivity through innovative ideas, experience, and, knowledge which benefits the whole of society.Item EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL INFLUENCERS' CREDIBILITY ON PURCHASE INTENTION AND BRAND ATTITUDE AMONG INSTAGRAM USERS IN LAHORE.(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Zarnab Shahid; FA21-RBA-024; Dr. Ibrahim AbdullahInfluencer marketing on Instagram can be considered a type of word-of-mouth marketing that can assist brands in gaining loyal customers (Veissi, 2017). One of the key advantages of Instagram is to be able to connect with the users all over the world and especially people who are living life out large and sharing what they're doing every day with their followers It allows brands to reach an engaged audience, introduce their brand, and start building relationships with potential customers (Later, 2020). However, there are challenges associated with influencer marketing on Instagram. The credibility of the influencer is a critical factor in the success of influencer marketing on Instagram. Credibility refers to the degree to which an influencer is perceived as trustworthy, knowledgeable, and appealing by their followers (Lou & Yuan, 2019). The credibility of an influencer can impact their followers' attitudes and behaviors towards both the influencer and the brand being promoted (Belanche et al., 2021). This study aims to address this research gap by proposing and testing a conceptual model that examines the impact of digital influencers' credibility on consumer purchase intention and brand attitude on Instagram among users based in Lahore to provide valuable insights to marketing managers.Item FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER DECSISION MAKING IN SELECTING ISLAMIC BANKING SERVICES IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) KHADIJA FAYYAZ; FA21-RBA-021; MUHAMMAD BILAL JAVEDThis study looks into the factors influencing consumer decision-making in Pakistani Islamic banking. A rapidly expanding industry, Islamic banking provides monetary services in conformity with Sharia law. However, little is known about why people prefer Islamic banking over traditional banking. Through a qualitative investigation of the customer decision-making process, this study seeks to provide light on the elements that affect consumer decisions in Islamic banking. Semi-structured interviews were employed in the study to gather information from a small range of Pakistani customers of Islamic banks in Lahore. To find the primary themes and patterns in the data, thematic analysis was used. The results showed that Sharia compliance, ethical concerns, Islamic bank’ products and cultural affinity were the factors influencing the decision to adopt Islamic banking. The paper addresses the consequences of these findings for the advancement of theory, the formulation of marketing plans, and the formulation of policy suggestions in Islamic banking.Item The effect of CSR on employees in the financial sector(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) SHANZA AMIR; FA21-RBA-015; LHR TP 8121; Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim AbdullahWe propose that affective organizational commitment (AOC) and perceived organizational support (POS) play extremely valuable intermediary roles in the relationship among organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) of employees and corporate social responsibility (CSR) integrated toward workforce, with the cultural trade hypothesis as main focus. Using time-lag information, the theoretical hypothesis was evaluated. In addition, the information on the workers' organizational citizenship activities was obtained by their managers or supervisors. The findings showed a positive and strong relationship between CSR aimed at OCBs and employees, along with an intervention influence on recognized organizational support and subjective organizational commitment, between the CSR directed at firms. We put a significant emphasis on CSR activities organized by employees, and our results suggest that these CSR activities are important for improving fair representative performance outcomeItem Factors That Affect Consumer Adoption of Online Shopping in Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) SYED MUHAMMAD ADEEL; FA21-RBA-013; Kashif MahmoodSince the 1990s, the advancement of the World Wide Web has changed the way of shopping experience not only for online buyers but also for those people who use conventional methods. In the last two decades, online shopping methods have gained popularity worldwide. Online shopping means electronic commerce, where customers buy products and services directly from sellers by using the Internet. In Online stores, customers have various options because different vendors do their business online. However, in most countries, many people still hesitate towards online shopping just because of multiple risks like security, Data protection, privacy issues, transaction fraud, etc. This project will provide an understanding of online customers' behavior towards online shopping and its service. The mode of business conduct totally changed worldwide after the arrival of the Internet era. Today's customers are one touch away from the world. There has been a shin towards online shopping because of simplicity, solace, accommodation, cost saving, timesaving and speedy conveyance when contrasted with ordinary or conventional shopping. Customers are not generally limited by timings or, on the other hand, are to make their exchanges. Buying items are a couple of snaps away because of online business's rapid development and advancement. An expansion in web based shopping exercises has constrained organizations to bring to the table their items and administrations on the web. This assists them with acquiring an upper hand over the different organizations in the commercial center. Consumer behavior on online platforms is one of the broadly explored areas. Numerous researchers in this field surveyed online consumer behavior in different ways. Nonetheless, the literature reviewed showed that most studies need to complete a market division examination to understand online customers' shopping conduct. Accordingly, the overall ends made by these researchers about buyer demeanor, behavior, and emotional cycle probably will only reflect the fundamental practices of various customer sections. Rather than past studies, this study first covers the inconvenience shoppers face while purchasing products online afterward, the attitude of online buyers and how their attitude affects their shopping behavior. E-retailers can use these examination discoveries to assign their 8 showcasing assets adequately and plan a more fruitful advertising blend for every buyer section.Item Supply Chain Management Practices in Telecommunication Industry(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Abdul Qadeer; FA21-RBA-017; LHR TP 8123; Shahbaz AhmadThis project has been conducted to investigate the depth of supply chain management in telecommunication industry. It is exploring that how telecom, as a service provider, managing and distributing its services and products all over to their customers. The aim of this project report is to fetch out the maximum knowledge about SCM in Telecom industry. To target the aim of this study, a lot of researches and references have been used. Apart from that a lot of challenges and risks have been identified and suggested their solutions and recommendations in the present study. The study majorly based on secondary research. With the support of research references including articles, websites, blogs, interviews and distinct reports in figures this project report has been examined the definition, significance, benefits, sustainability affects, challenges, risks, solutions and recommendations of the supply chain management in telecommunication industry. Analysis of the study reconnoiters that the telecommunication sector expanding aggressively with passage of time due to advanced technology and modern modes of communication. This acceleration has creating more tough competition and stress to its supply chain management. In the most advanced and rapid growing world, the challenges and risks include the market dynamics, need for agility, competition, unexpected delays, financial risks, environment risks, inflation and demand uncertainty. To handle these challenges and risks, the solutions and recommendations together with alternative suppliers, closely tracking inventory systems, Stocking when prices gets down, and engage customers for feedback.Item Marketing Encounters of Foodpanda in Sub urban Territories of South Punjab, Pa(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muhammad Umer Yousaf; FA21-RBA-001; Kashif Mahmoodn business markets trends are in dynamic condition and moreover marketers try their best to cover all the trends and challenges occurred in the market, now if we talk about the food sector then marketers introduced a unique technique which is called as online food delivery services these services are now widely used in every market of food in the world. In Pakistan these services are implemented from 2011 by Foodpanda and now this name is the market leader in Pakistan in the sector of online food delivery services, Foodpanda have did a very effective working in different areas of Pakistan but in some of the areas in Pakistan especially in south Punjab region they are facing marketing communication challenges because of the differences in cultures, lifestyles and also difference in income level. Moreover online food delivery services are also not present in south Punjab only Foodpanda is the single player in this sector who takes the step forward and makes some efforts to access some of the areas in south Punjab, if any of the brand plays on national level without focusing the differences in customers lifestyles and preferences then issues arise so to remove these types of issues brands should have to focus on localized analysis of customers so that they can serve their customers in the way that they should be their loyal customers. For the brands which work only on online platforms they specially have some physical evidences in the market so that customers feel comfortable while using your services, moreover good customer service also create a positive word of mouth in the market which is so much beneficial for the brand like Foodpanda but they don’t have as much good customer service in south Punjab region that’s why they are not on the top of the minds among customers. Another thing is that post purchase services should also be initiated in south Punjab by Foodpanda because this is the need of every business now a days that they have to make such types of relation with their customers so that they can feel comfortable that the brand which we have choose care about the problems which we are facing in using their services or products. So any type of marketing communication, post purchase services, physical evidence and good customer services should also be done by Foodpanda in a very effective way in south Punjab region that they can sustain 2 their current customers and also attract their potential customers in the market of south Punjab.Item Effect of Political Events on Pakistan Stock Market(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) AFNAN AHMAD; FA21-RBA-005; LHR TP 8119; Afnan AhmadPakistan Stock Exchange is one of the biggest sectors of Pakistan. The evolution of the share market and its influence on economic development is a critical area of study in the financial economy. In recent years, significant theoretical and empirical research on this topic has been published. Stock markets serve the purpose of channelling funds transferred from bank deposits to investors. Independent share market investments are pooled to fund large investment projects. Stock markets, according to theory, promote long-run Economic growth can be achieved through both investment and consumption. Larger asset prices, according to cycle income theory, rise an individual's entire life wealth, resulting in greater consumer spending. If personal shareholding is high, this argument would hold water. (Iqbal, 2012)Item The Effect of Distributed Leadership on Ambidextrous Innovation with the Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Moderating Role of Collaborative Climate(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Ayesha Asghar; FA21-RMS-006; Dr. Zafar Uz Zaman AnjumThe aim of the study is to investigate the impact of distributed leadership (DL) on ambidextrous innovation through the mediating effects of intrinsic motivation (IM) and moderating effects of collaborative climate (CC). To test the hypotheses, an empirical study has been conducted on IT sectors located in Lahore, Pakistan. The current study examined the linkage of the variables based on the Self-Determination Theory. Data were gathered from 150 employees in various IT sector firms located in Lahore, Pakistan. The present study used a quantitative research method. It is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was adapted to gather employee data on these constructs: distributed leadership, ambidextrous innovation, intrinsic motivation, and collaborative climate. The findings of this study revealed that distributed leadership has a significant effect on Ambidextrous Innovation. Whereas, mediating role of the Intrinsic motivation between distributed leadership and ambidextrous innovation was also supported by the results. Moreover, the moderating effect of collaborative climate was also found significant in this study. In spite of the significance of distributed leadership practices, this variable has been examined in educational sectors. The current study examined the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation and moderating role of collaborative climate in the IT sector. One of the major implication of distributed leadership is that firms should devote their attention to the significance of informal connections between the members in order to attain the desired outcomes, offer open environment to employees in which they freely participate in decision making and better situations to share information.