Department of Physics
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Item The Coated Carbonates on Silicon Carbide Materials as an Electrolyte and it's Electrochemical Characterization(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Muddasir Ammar; CIIT/FA20-RPH-040/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 7996In this work we synthesized Silicon Carbide and Coated Carbonate on Silicon Carbide composite as an effective electrolyte material in fuel cell. Fuel cell is considered an efficient device for its clean energy production. To enhance the efficiency of such type of clean energy devices an efficient electrolyte material is required for its proper working. Therefore, in this research work Si- C composite was made by hydrothermal method and Solid-state method. While coated the Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) on Si-C by dip coating method. To analyze the structural and phase properties of the synthesized samples FTIR has been carried out. Through FTIR spectra various types of stretching and vibrational bonding were studied and find out that there were different kinds of bonding like Si-O-Si, Si-C and C=O present in the prepared samples. UV- Visible spectroscopy was carried out to study the optical bandgap of the prepared samples. Conductivity and electrical bandgap for all composite material was measured by using EIS and the maximum conductivity was found 0.082 Scm-1 at a temperature of 650oC for the sample Si-C (1:1). Furthermore, the three-layer fuel cell was fabricated in which prepared material use as electrolyte and LiNiCuZn as cathode and Anode. The maximum Voc of 0.89 V wi th highest power density of 16.5 (mWCm-2) was recorded by using hydrogen as a fuel.Item Enhancement of Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2/ ZnO Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Shahbaz Ul Hassan; CIIT/SP20-RPH-038/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 7967DSSCs (dye-sensitized solar cells) are considered low-cost photovoltaic technologies due to their simple manufacturing methods. In this project, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were deposited on the Glass based flexible substrate. TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures were synthesized separately by using sol-gel method. Spin coater was used to prepare the TiO2/ZnO thin films on glass substrates. The surface morphology of TiO2 and ZnO was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallinity and structure of the produced TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (X-Rays). The optical absorption was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were proposed for the ZnO/TiO2/Glass films as the working electrode.Item Fabrication and Characterization of TiO2/ZnO based Flexible Composite Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells(2021) Ayesha Yasin; CIIT/SP19-RPH-036/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 7252Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered as cost-effective photovoltaic devices due to their simple fabrication techniques. In this project, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were deposited on the Lignocelluloses (LC) fiber based flexible substrate. To begin, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the microwave assisted approach. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of TiO2 and ZnO, while the atomic force microscope was used to examine the 3D profile and roughness (AFM). X-ray diffraction (X-Rays) analysis was used to examine the crystallinity and structure analysis of produced TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure optical absorption. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated on the deposited ZnO/TiO2/LC (the working electrode)Item Synthesis and Simulation study of Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanomaterial for Electron Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) JUNAID ASLAM; CIIT/SP19-RPH-035/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar; LHR TP 7251Titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials were synthesized by utilizing the sol-gel process in this research. Due to the wide bandgap and low work function, TiO2 would easily replace the n-doped amorphous silicon (a-Si:H (n)) layer in commercial Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Iso-Propanol Alcohol was used as sol while the Titanium Tetra Iso Propoxides was used as a gel. The TiO2 gel was formed and then dried for 2 hours at 300oC to obtain the powder form. After that, the TiO2 powder was dried for 3 hours in a furnace to obtain TiO2 nanomaterials. The TiO2powder was deposited on silicon and, glass substrate using the spin-coating process after successful production. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to study the surface morphology and the structure of TiO2nanomaterials.Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the roughness and, 3D profile, while absorption of the TiO2 based nanomaterials will be measured using a UV-Vs spectrophotometer. The AFORS-HET simulator was used to simulate electron carrier selective contact (CSC) solar cells for a complete photovoltaic device for various TiO2 thicknesses and, work functions.Item Study of Low Work Function-based Lithium Fluoride Nano-structures as Electron Carrier Selective Contact for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Nauman Shafiq; SP19-RPH-009; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain,; LHR TP 7250In this work, lithium fluoride nanostructures were synthesized by utilizing a wet chemical solution approach. LiFx is a viable option for replacing the n-doped amorphous silicon (a-Si: H(n)) layer in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells due to its low work function and wide-bandgap. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the surface morphology, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the 3D profile and roughness of LiFx nano-structures. The optical transmittance spectra of LiFx nano-structures were measured using a UV-Vis spectrometer. In addition, using various film thicknesses and LiFx work functions, simulated research for a complete photovoltaic device (electron carrier selective contact solar cell) was carried out.Item Solar Oven/ Cooker(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Aqsa Azam , Misbah Amjad; FA16-BPH-067 , FA16-BPH-068; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 5928Solar cooking technology is a global response to poverty and the humiliation of climate, but very little work is conducted into the effect of using solar ovens on biomass fuel consumption. We design a solar oven/ cooker. The solar oven/cooker highly dependent on sunlight. It can cook or fried various things decently. This study evaluates the use of solar ovens and wood consumption in both rainy and dry seasons in northern Nicaragua, using surveys, temperature data loggers, and direct fuel wood use measurement. Owners of solar ovens recorded 79 percent use during the dry season and 41 percent of days during the rainy season. Oven temperature records recorded use during the dry season for 50 percent of days, and 16 percent of days during the rainy season. However, wood consumption measurements showed no statistically significant differences between days with solar furnace use and days without, suggesting that the frequency of use alone is not an appropriate proxy for fuel savings. Results of the survey suggest that, as opposed to replacing it, a large part of the use of solar furnaces came in addition to the cooking of biomass. These results suggest a need to further study the consumption of wood in situ and focus more on the specific types of foods prepared in solar cookers, as well as local cultural and climate conditions.