Department of Physics
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Item Magnesium Ferrite/Rice Husk Composite: The Study of Structural, Magnetic and Physical Properties(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Iqra Akhtar; CIIT/SP21-RPH-031/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8170In this study, the Sol-Gel process was used to produce a composite from rice husk and magnesium ferrite. The aim was to see how effective it was at reducing fluoride from fluoridated water. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and RAMAN Spectroscopy were each used to assess the crystal structure, phase identification and chemical bonding characteristics, respectively. The produced ferrite reveals a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure in a single phase with no impurities in the sample, according to XRD data. The crystal structure is unaffected by the addition of rice husk due to its amorphous nature. The structural parameter values closely match with those previously reported for the identical structure. The produced ferrite is clearly spinel, according to the FTIR data, and has distinct stretching and vibrational peaks that are caused by the presence of several molecules in the compound. The measured parameters indicate that the manufactured composite may be used in a variety of contexts, such as water defluoridation. The manufactured material has been applied to a real water body for this purpose in order to evaluate the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial fluoride content in the water. Finally, these ferrites have been employed to remove fluoride ions from several drinking water sources in Lahore, and the results have been excellentItem Synthesis of Zinc Ferrites and Carbon Dots Composite by Coprecipitation Method and Insight into the Physical Properties(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) M. Qamar Jahan; CIIT/FA19-RPH-022/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7674Magnetic core-shell (zinc ferrites/c-dots composite are properly synthesized under this research using a simple co- precipitation and hydrothermal process. Various approaches are used to investigate zinc ferrites and carbon dots composites like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD diffraction demonstrated an inverse spinel structure of zinc ferrites; the lattice parameter was decreased from 8.19Å to 8.10Å and carbon dots having rods like structure. This provided excellent chemical stability for about 40 hours. From SEM analysis, the composite seem to be uniformly dispersed or coated using low contrast consecutive c- dots layers to produce a core-shell structure. Zinc ferrites are agglomerated in non- uniform in size, whereas carbon dots and its composites are in uniform shape according to SEM image. The EDX study indicated that the substitution was successful. For zinc ferrites, carbon dots and composite the FTIR spectra showed that the absorption band of the tetrahedral site is now around 654 cm -1 , 795cm -1 , 658cm -1 respectively. Different bonds in the infrared spectrum match to specific function groups and bonding in various chemicals. The magnetic characterizations were investigated using a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature (0 , and the results indicate that sample Zinc Ferrites/Carbon dots displays ferrimagnetic behavior.Item Effect of Ce-concentration on Structural Morphological and Physical Properties of Nickel Manganese Spinal Ferrites.(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Muhammad Iqbal Asif Kamboh; CIIT/SP23-RPH-007/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 9628Cerium (Ce) substituted nickel manganese spinal ferrites (Ni0.3Mn0.7CexFe2-xO4, x=0.0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) have been synthesized by Hydrothermal method. The purpose of this research study was to observe the effect of cerium substitution on magnetic, electrical and structural properties of nickel manganese ferrites. Various characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the prepared samples. Moreover, for the investigation of magnetic characteristics of prepared samples by using vibrating magnetometer (VSM). XRD technique was employed to confirm a single phase spinal structure and observed that the increase in lattice parameters are noted as 8.37 Å to 8.53 Å by increment of Cerium. SEM images indicate that non-uniform size exists in nanoparticles and agglomerated. The FT-IR spectrum illustrates that the absorption peaks at octahedral B-sites was observed 650 cm-1 to 1115 cm-1. By the addition of cerium contents, the bands are transferred to higher frequency. The results by the CV indicate that the increase in scan rate, the specific capacitance reduces and loop area increases which shows that the investigated material is appropriate for storage devices including LIB s batteries.Item Effects of Strontium (Sr) Substitution on Magnetic and Physical Properties of Barium Based Monoferrites Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Saba Yasmeen; CIIT/FA18-RPH-012/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6081In this study, the hydrothermal method has been used to prepare Sr-substituted (SrxBa1- xFe2O4 x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) monoferrite with enhanced magnetization and higher active functional sites for easy magnetic separation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the samples (x= 0.1 and 0.3) reveal that the samples confirm single phase formation of BaFe2O4. The structural parameters such as lattice constants (a, b and c), unit cell volume (V) and X-ray density were calculated from XRD patterns and their values greatly match with the earlier reported values for this structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms that the samples have nano sized grain size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the stretching and bending vibrations of substituted ferrites. Vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM) was employed to measure the M-H loop of a selected sample. The shape of the loop reveals that the ferrite has soft magnetic nature having low value of coercivity (< 1000Oe). The observed parameters for the samples suggest that they may have applications in dielectric resonators, transformer cores, multilayer chip inductors and most importantly in adsorption of fluoride inos from drinking water where materials with low coercivity and moderate magnetization are desirable.Item Synthesis of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO Composite Through Hydrothermal Method and Insight into the Physical Properties(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Anam Munir; CIIT/FA23-RPH-005/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 9840Hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of Cobalt-Nickel Ferrites/Graphene Oxide (Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO) to study the physical properties. The goal of adding GO to the ferrite matrix was to improve the composite's optical, morphological, and structural properties. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron microscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy and RAMAN Spectroscopy was used to characterize the samples. A single-phase spinal structure was confirmed by XRD diffraction and lattice parameter was reduced from 8.40 Å to 8.25 Å.SEM micrographs showed nanoparticles are agglomerated and are non-uniform in size. The optical bandgap changed significantly increasing GO content, according to UV-Vis analysis, indicating increased optical absorption. The effective integration of the GO and ferrite phases was further confirmed by Raman spectra. These results demonstrate the promise of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO nanocomposites for innovative uses in water purification. However, there will be the study of the physiology fibrillation of the fluoride ions in the contaminated water with help to chemo sorption by the application of first order (PFO) and second order (PSO) model. This project’s findings also improved the experimental studies of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO composite