Department of Physics
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Item Synthesis of Magnesium Ferrite (MgCexFe2 xO4)/Banana Peel Composite for De-Fluoridation of Real Water Body(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Naila Riaz Goraya; CIIT/FA18-RPH-004/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6077In this study, a composite of cerium doped magnesium ferrite (MgCexFe2-xO4 , x= 0.1) and banana peel powder was prepared by hydrothermal method. The aim was to assess its suitability for removing fluoride from fluoride-contaminated water. Crystal structure and phase identification, chemical bonding, and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM), respectively. XRD results reveal that the prepared ferrite exhibits single phase face centered cubic (fcc) structure having no impurity in the sample. Addition of banana peel powder has no effect on the crystal structure. The values of structural parameters greatly match with the earlier reported values for the same structure. FTIR results clearly indicate that the prepared ferrite is spinel and have well defined vibrational and stretching peaks due to different molecules present in the compound. Coercivity values for both ferrite and composite materials are found to be a few hundred oersteds which confirm the soft magnetic nature of this ferrite. The observed parameters show that the prepared composite may find applications in different fields including de-fluoridation of water. The task of de fluoridation of water will be accomplished immediately after resumption of labs which has been interrupted by corona pandemic. For this purpose, the prepared material is to be applied on real water body to assess the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration in water.Item Investigation of Sol-Gel Synthesized Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) /Egg Shell Powder for Transformer Core Materials(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Maham; CIIT/FA18-RPH-018/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6360Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) is compatible as a core material for transformers and inductors. Sideways with size and size dispersity, fixings engineering about core- shell shape, crystallinity, surface morphology and blend derivatives elasticities an extensive variety of probabilities for elementary studies as well as for extension and revolution. To increase the resistivity and decrease the eddy currents for working at high frequencies, egg-shell powder is introduced to increase the number of pores, surface area, pore size and volume. Egg shells cover 96% of calcite, with additional residents like magnesium, phosphates, and organic materials. The current study is aimed to get large resistivity of the developed Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) /eggshell powder Composite. Ferrite nanoparticles have some electronic and magnetic features which are quite different from their bulk counter parts . In all metal ferrites, zinc, nickel, and cobalt ferrites are mostly applied for different technological applications such as transformer core materials, multilayer chip inductors (MLCIs) and dielectric resonators etc. . In the current study cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4)/eggshell powder composite is prepared using sol-gel method due to its many advantages over other methods like coprecipitation, solid state reaction method, ball milling, micro emulsion, etc. After synthesis, the characteristics of developed magnetic core is investigated using XRD, SEM, EDX and VSM. Moreover, its electrical resistivity, permittivity and permeability is investigated using the two-probe method and impedance spectroscopy, respectively.Item Effects of Strontium (Sr) Substitution on Magnetic and Physical Properties of Barium Based Monoferrites Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Saba Yasmeen; CIIT/FA18-RPH-012/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6081In this study, the hydrothermal method has been used to prepare Sr-substituted (SrxBa1- xFe2O4 x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) monoferrite with enhanced magnetization and higher active functional sites for easy magnetic separation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the samples (x= 0.1 and 0.3) reveal that the samples confirm single phase formation of BaFe2O4. The structural parameters such as lattice constants (a, b and c), unit cell volume (V) and X-ray density were calculated from XRD patterns and their values greatly match with the earlier reported values for this structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms that the samples have nano sized grain size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the stretching and bending vibrations of substituted ferrites. Vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM) was employed to measure the M-H loop of a selected sample. The shape of the loop reveals that the ferrite has soft magnetic nature having low value of coercivity (< 1000Oe). The observed parameters for the samples suggest that they may have applications in dielectric resonators, transformer cores, multilayer chip inductors and most importantly in adsorption of fluoride inos from drinking water where materials with low coercivity and moderate magnetization are desirable.