Department of Physics
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Item A Bismuth and Gallium Co-doped Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) GHULAM MUSTAFA; CIIT/FA19-RPH-003/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7262To avoid carbon dioxide emissions, which cause global warming and climate change, the trend is turning toward renewable energy sources. Because of their high energy conversion and low/zero emissions, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the finest solutions for energy production. SOFC is a fantastic choice for using biogas as a clean and high-energy conversion. There are still a few issues to work out, particularly for SOFCs with biogas fuel that operate at intermediate to lower temperatures. The perovskite structure plays a vital role in meeting the materials requirements for SOFCs.As a result, strontium-based perovskite structured cathode materials were created in this study. Strontium cobalt bismuth gallium oxide (SrCo1-x-yBixGayO3–δ (SCBG)) is the suggested material, with x=0, 0.1,0.2 and y=0, 0.1,0.2. The sol gel technique was used to prepare allof the samples. This study looks at the functions of cathode materials (SrCo1x- yBixGayO3–δ (SCBG)). Raman spectra of LSCF cathodes reveal prominent bands at peak positions, 130,420,515, 632, and 990 cm-1 wavelengths, corresponding to bonds characteristic vibrations and, optical phonon mode. Because it generates more oxygen ion vacancies, SCBG is a great cathode material, enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodic sites. XRD pattern of SCB10 and SCG10 is observed in such a way that crystalline structure was 38.65 and 38.13 nm respectively, that was confirmed by using SEM that concluded grain size 30-60 nm. The structure of proposed materials are rehmbohedral and hexagonal for SCB10 and SCG10 respectively. Sem confirmed that our samples are porous and has spheriacal and cylendrical particle shape that allows the maximum space to oxygen vaccencies. The low ohmic resistance metre KD2531 is use to assess the DC conductivity of SCBG cathode samples. At 600 °C, the sample SCBG20 from citric extracts has a maximum conductivity of 28.125 Scm-1 and ASR 0.0565 Ωcm2, via citrus extracts at 600 °C.Item Structural and Electrical Investigation of Co-Doped Ceria based Electrolytes for Fuel Cells(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) ZONAIRA AMEEN; CIIT/FA19-RPH-051/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7237In the fuel cell family, the most competent device for converting energy is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and has gained high considerable attention. The efficiency of SOFC highly depends on electrolyte materials that can work well at low temperatures. Ionic conductivity is good in a co-doped ceria-based electrolyte material. The most promising electrolyte materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) have been ceria and doped ceria because it shows good ionic conductivity at 600-800 ºC which is still very high and a barrier towards commercialization. Therefore, in this project, the co-doped ceria electrolyte materials (GBDC, CBDC and SBDC) were developed using sol-gel and co-precipitation method. The functionalities of electrolyte materials are investigated in this research. Prominent bands at peak positions 360, 461, 482, 600, 602, 1059 and 1080 cm−1 wavelengths are observed through Raman spectra of co-doped ceria electrolytes, analogous to GdO F2g mode, the first order F2g active mode of CeO2's cubic fluorite structure, structure of CeO2 that shows symmetric stretching modes of O ions around Ce ions, indication of Ca-O, and Ba-O. Ceria based materials behaves as an excellent electrolyte material. The vibratory characteristics are studied through FTIR spectroscopy; different peaks are obtained that indicates different vibrational modes. The direct band gap of the synthesized electrolyte materials were calculated by Tauc plot and obtained 2.5 and 1.5 eV of Gd0.1Ba0.1Ce0.8 .and Ca0.1Ba0.1Ce0.8 respectively. The structural properties are studied with the help of XRD and obtained a cubic fluorite structure of SBDC electrolyte material. DC Conductivity measurements of samples are evaluated by four point probe method. The sample CBDC has maximum ionic conductivity values of 0.82 Scm-1 at 400 ˚C temperature. The results indicate that developed ceria based electrolytes materials are good for SOFC.Item Investigation of Catalytic Effect on Anode Material at Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Munazza Mariyam; FA19-RPH-041; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7239The world's largest single drain is the energy problem. To avoid carbon dioxide emissions, which cause global warming and climate change, the world is moving toward renewable energy sources. Because of its great efficiency and minimal emissions, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the best solutions for energy production. solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the best option Because of the fuel flexibility and cost-effective anode materials features. The structural and electrochemical properties of anode materials with configuration of X0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide (where X = Ni, Cu, Fe,) have been examined in this current investigation. The proposed anode materials X0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide have been unify through sol-gel technique. The doping impact of Cu, Ni, and Fe on TiZn oxides were examine in respect of electronic conduction and power density in hydrogen environment at similarly low temperature in the range of 600°C. Four-probe DC conductivity method was utilized to quantify the conductivity of the anode materials and most extreme electrical conductivity. The four-probe method is used to determine conductivity. Using iron as a catalyst at temperatures of 600°C and 550°C, maximum conductivity of Cu0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide was found to be 12.56 S/cm and 8.695 S/cm. The band gap and absorption spectra were discover by ultra-violet visible (UV–Visible). The purity of nanoparticles is measured by the FTIR spectrum, which provides information about an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission. They give the bonding of molecular structure and chemical composition of the material. Xrd is use to study crystallographic structure of anode material. Crystalline size was found by schere’s equation. The level of structural flaws and the crystalline nature of the material were confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. The findings suggest that the developed (X=Ni,Cu,Fe) is a suitable catalyst of anode material for SOFCs.Item Investigation of Catalytic Effect on Anode Material at Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Munazza Mariyam; FA19-RPH-041; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7239The world's largest single drain is the energy problem. To avoid carbon dioxide emissions, which cause global warming and climate change, the world is moving toward renewable energy sources. Because of its great efficiency and minimal emissions, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the best solutions for energy production. solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the best option Because of the fuel flexibility and cost-effective anode materials features. The structural and electrochemical properties of anode materials with configuration of X0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide (where X = Ni, Cu, Fe,) have been examined in this current investigation. The proposed anode materials X0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide have been unify through sol-gel technique. The doping impact of Cu, Ni, and Fe on TiZn oxides were examine in respect of electronic conduction and power density in hydrogen environment at similarly low temperature in the range of 600°C. Four-probe DC conductivity method was utilized to quantify the conductivity of the anode materials and most extreme electrical conductivity. The four-probe method is used to determine conductivity. Using iron as a catalyst at temperatures of 600°C and 550°C, maximum conductivity of Cu0.1Zn0.45Ti0.45 oxide was found to be 12.56 S/cm and 8.695 S/cm. The band gap and absorption spectra were discover by ultra-violet visible (UV–Visible). The purity of nanoparticles is measured by the FTIR spectrum, which provides information about an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission. They give the bonding of molecular structure and chemical composition of the material. Xrd is use to study crystallographic structure of anode material. Crystalline size was found by schere’s equation. The level of structural flaws and the crystalline nature of the material were confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. The findings suggest that the developed (X=Ni,Cu,Fe) is a suitable catalyst of anode material for SOFCs.