Department of Physics
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Item To investigate the Effect of Alkaline Earth Metals on Electrochemical Activities of Lanthanum Cobalt Zinc Oxide Cathode Materials(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) AQIB RAFIQUE NOORI; CIIT/SP20-RPH-024/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7966In the modern age of science and technology every system of manual work is transferring to machines and to run these machines energy is required, so the need of time is motivating researchers to enhance their activities in the scope of renewable energy production devices which will be able to produce more energy at very low cost. In this regard fuel cell got higher attraction of investigation due to its higher efficiency, environmentally friendly nature, and low cost. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an extremely encouraging class of fuel cells. SOFC consists of electrolyte sandwiched between anode and cathode. In this research work, lanthanam-based cobalt Zinc oxide cathode materials are prepared by sol-gel route alongwith the characterizions for the cathode functioning of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). FTIR technique is employed to analyse the chemical composition and its bounding. In BaLaCoZn peaks are found at 853 cm -1 ,859 cm -1 and 1426 cm -1 which are corresponding to C-O, La-O and Co-O respectively. In CaLaCoZn peaks are found at 703 cm -1 , 988 cm -1 , 1433 cm -1 which are attributed to Zn-O, C-O,Co-O, respectively. In SrLaCoZn peaks are observed at 856 cm -1 , 950 and 1441 cm -1 which belong to Sr-O, Zn-O respectively. For Sr1Co0.8La0.2 (SCL) peaks are found at 157 cm -1 , 525 cm -1 , 957 cm -1 and 1363 cm -1 . The analysis of existence of each and every C-H, C-C, C=C, O-H either of bending or stretching nature is given in following table against each wave number in each sample. In infrared spectroscopy, there are basically two regions, fingerprint region and functional groups region. The range of fingerprint region is from 400 cm -1 to 1500 cm -1 wave number which is not analyzed usually due to its complexity, as a large number of peaks appears in that region. Each bond represents existence of a functional groups. The prepared cathodes have strong peaks in the range of 700 cm -1 to 1800 cm -1 .The peaks are attributed to C-H, C=O, O-H and C=C which are the main bonds present in oxides base cathodes. Raman spectroscopy is used to detect vibrational, rotational, and other states in a molecular system, capable of probing the chemical composition of materials. For samples BLCZ (S1) peaks are found at 157, 525, 957 and 1363 cm -1 . The peaks at 157 and 525 cm −1 wavelengths are analogous to O-B-O typical vibrations. The peak at 957 cm −1 wavelength correspond to B-O bonds stretching vibrations. For samples SLCZ (S3) peaks are found at 141, 296,649, 939, 1086 and 1344 cm -1 . The peaks at 141, 296 and 649 cm −1 wavelengths are analogous to O-B-O typical vibrations. The peaks at 939 and 1086 cm −1 wavelength correspond to B-O bonds stretching vibrations. Furthermore, for the Raman spectra of single Perovskite LSCF there is no mode vibrations in the range of 200–500 and 700–900 cm −1 can be found except (S2), which are xi demonstrative of double Perovskite structures LSCF materials. Therefore, the outcomes of the Raman spectral study agree well with those of literature, which showed that both the rhombohedra structure and double Perovskite phase are from space group R3C. So S1, S2 and S3 will behaves as an excellent cathode material as generating more oxygen ion vacancies which enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode side. The electrical DC conductivity of prepared cathodes BaLaCoZn, CaLaCoZn and SrLaCoZn were measured by two probe method in the temperature range of (300-600) o C in the presence of methane as a fuel in air environment. The synthesized cathode material (S1) has maximum conductivity of 10.12 Scm -1 at 600 °C and the synthesized cathode material (S2) has minimum value of 3.3 Scm -1 at 300 °C.Item A Bismuth and Gallium Co-doped Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) GHULAM MUSTAFA; CIIT/FA19-RPH-003/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 7262To avoid carbon dioxide emissions, which cause global warming and climate change, the trend is turning toward renewable energy sources. Because of their high energy conversion and low/zero emissions, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the finest solutions for energy production. SOFC is a fantastic choice for using biogas as a clean and high-energy conversion. There are still a few issues to work out, particularly for SOFCs with biogas fuel that operate at intermediate to lower temperatures. The perovskite structure plays a vital role in meeting the materials requirements for SOFCs.As a result, strontium-based perovskite structured cathode materials were created in this study. Strontium cobalt bismuth gallium oxide (SrCo1-x-yBixGayO3–δ (SCBG)) is the suggested material, with x=0, 0.1,0.2 and y=0, 0.1,0.2. The sol gel technique was used to prepare allof the samples. This study looks at the functions of cathode materials (SrCo1x- yBixGayO3–δ (SCBG)). Raman spectra of LSCF cathodes reveal prominent bands at peak positions, 130,420,515, 632, and 990 cm-1 wavelengths, corresponding to bonds characteristic vibrations and, optical phonon mode. Because it generates more oxygen ion vacancies, SCBG is a great cathode material, enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodic sites. XRD pattern of SCB10 and SCG10 is observed in such a way that crystalline structure was 38.65 and 38.13 nm respectively, that was confirmed by using SEM that concluded grain size 30-60 nm. The structure of proposed materials are rehmbohedral and hexagonal for SCB10 and SCG10 respectively. Sem confirmed that our samples are porous and has spheriacal and cylendrical particle shape that allows the maximum space to oxygen vaccencies. The low ohmic resistance metre KD2531 is use to assess the DC conductivity of SCBG cathode samples. At 600 °C, the sample SCBG20 from citric extracts has a maximum conductivity of 28.125 Scm-1 and ASR 0.0565 Ωcm2, via citrus extracts at 600 °C.Item Catalytic study of Cobalt-Free Cathode Materials for Ceramic Fuel Cells(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Nadia Sana Saboor; CIIT/SP23-RPH-008/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 9629The great efficiency and fuel adaptability of ceramic fuel cells (CFCs) make them a promising route towards sustainable energy conversion. However, cobalt, a vital component of conventional cathodes, is expensive and scarce, which prevents the widespread use of CFCs. The catalytic investigation of cobaltfree cathode materials, namely SrFeMoW, for enhanced CFC performance is the main topic of this research. Our main objective is to improve the performance and temperature tolerance of the SOFC. We wish to address a few problems that cause it to operate slowly and less effectively. The present study will employ specialized manufacturing processes, including screen printing and tape casting, to regulate the component thickness of the SOFC. This will enhance the SOFC's performance and help it conduct electricity more effectively. I will make a Cobalt-free composite cathode which is cost-effective and which will operate at lower temperatures. This cobalt-free cathode will be prepared with the help of the sol-gel method. Using a variety of experimental methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and fuel cell testing, the study examines the structural, electrochemical, and catalytic characteristics of SrFeMoW. These methods shed light on the material's electrical characteristics, phase purity, chemical bonding, crystal structure, and electrochemical behavior. The impact of several doping techniques and synthesis parameters (such as temperature and environment) on the material's microstructure, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, and overall cell performance is methodically assessed. Using a multi-technique characterization approach, gain a thorough grasp of the structure-property interactions in SrFeMoW cathodes. Improve SrFeMoW stability and catalytic activity by optimizing its production and processing. Examine how doping with different elements (such as transition metals and rare-earth metals) affects the ORR kinetics and long-term durability. Compare the performance of SrFeMoW-based cathodes with that of traditional cobalt-based cathodes in single cells.Item Electrochemical Investigation of Lanthanide Incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Kainat Zafar; CIIT/FA23-RPH-022/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 9853The fossil fuel-based energy resources are widely providing predominant amount of worldwide energy such as coal, oil, and gas. Unfortunately, due to high consumption rate and the current generation demands, these limited assets are being depleted rapidly. Therefore, it is urgent need to find out some alternate energy resources which should be renewable. One kind of fuel cell that is well-known for its great efficiency and capacity to function at high temperatures usually between 600°C and 1000°C is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). To carry oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode, where the fuel is oxidized and energy is produced, they use a solid oxide or ceramic electrolyte. The cathode material has a major impact on SOFC performance; it needs to have strong catalytic activity, chemical stability, and electronic conductivity. In this regard, lanthanide-incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ (where R = Ce, Gd, and Sm) cathode materials are being studied to boost SOFC performance. Higher efficiency and durability can result from the addition of lanthanides, which can also enhance the catalytic and electrical conductivity. By improving SOFC performance, this novel strategy hopes to increase their viability for clean energy applications and promote the development of sustainable energy technology. The goal of this research work is to improve the efficiency of SOFCs by studying lanthanide-incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ cathode materials. Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ materials will be synthesized by solid state reaction and characterized by XRD, SEM, RAMAN, UV- Vis, FTIR and EIS. Electrical conductivities and fuel cell performance will be measured under hydrogen atmosphere. By optimizing the cathode's properties, this novel strategy seeks to promote clean energy solutions by increasing efficiency, extending operational lifespans, and expanding the applications of SOFC technology.