Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/31

This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Designing and Fabrication of MOF Based Electrochemical Sensor for Potential Application in Environmental Remediation2025
(2025) Arfa Tahir CIIT/FA23-R06-006/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; lHR TP 9684
Contamination of fresh water bodies by heavy metal ions (HMIs) has been a concern across the world. Due to its bioaccumulation and non-degradability, lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are some of the HMIs which are toxic and chronic to human health. Identification of these water bodies prior to utilization is important. In detection of HMIs, electrochemical sensing may be proved to be a sensitive detection platform. In this case, an energy-efficient microwave method was applied to synthesize MOF of copper as the central metal ion and L-aspartic acid and Benzene tricarboxylic acid as the linkers. Aspartic acid is a biocompatible amino acid that is found naturally. In the synthesis of MOFs, microwave manufacturing provides a technique that is environmentally less polluting, stable in heat rate, low in reaction time, and high in yield. Good surface properties are exhibited by the MOF as synthesized. Ionic Liquid (EMIM TFSI) addition to MOF has enhanced its conductivity, HMI adsorption sites, and possible sensing platform window. Therefore, for electrochemical sensitive detection of HMIs, the synthesized MOF (L-asp-BTC-cu)/IL composite exhibited large active surface area, excellent charge transfer rate, enhanced conductivity, and time stability. FTIR and XRD were applied to study the synthesized composite. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to identify the electrochemical response of MOF (L-asp-BTC-cu)/IL/GCE. Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were quantified by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Results indicated that the lower limits of detection (LOD) and linear detection range for each of these three HMIs separately and in combination. Obtained limit of detection (LOD) for Pb (II) and Hg (II) were 0.17μM, and 0.36μM respectively.
Synthesis of PHAs using Sucrose and Decanoic acid by Pseudomonas Putida Bacteria: A Dual Carbon Approach
(2025) Linta Azmat CIIT/FA23-R06-014/LHR; Prof. Dr. Robina Farooq; LHR TP 9689
While threatening human health through airborne pollutants, contaminated drinking water, and microplastic exposure, conventional plastics made from petrochemicals create serious risks for terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric ecosystems. During of the COVID-19 epidemic, the demand for sustainable alternatives has been increased, therefore increasing the importance of biodegradable plastics as there was more need of plastics materials in especially in medicals. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), well-known for their biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, and thermoplastic elastomeric qualities, have become specially produced material as the substitutes of conventional plastic. Particularly interesting for commercial purposes among these are medium-chain-length PHAs (mcl-PHAs), generated by bacteria like Pseudomonas species. Using dual carbon substrates including sucrose and decanoic acid, this work seeks to maximize mcl-PHA synthesis via fed-batch fermentation with Pseudomonas putida. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) helped to reach optimization by focusing on carbon substrate and nitrogen source levels as critical parameters. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GCMS) and FTIR was used to identify the generated mcl-PHAs, which showed a major composition of 3-hydroxydecanoate and 3-hydroxyundecanoate as well as traces of 3- hydroxydedecanoate and 3-hydroxyhexonate monomers, therefore verifying their medium chain length synthesis. RSM optimization analysis verified results showing a startling 68% rise in mcl- PHA yield above baseline levels. These results show the potential of this combined technique for scaled, environmentally friendly biopolymer manufacture, therefore providing a sustainable road to reduce the ecological effects of traditional polymers.
N/S Co-Doped Graphdiyne as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Applications: A Computational Study
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabd, Lahore Campus, 2025) Aqsa Naz CIIT/FA23-R06-005/LHR; Dr. Sara Riaz; LHR TP 9683
The need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has increased due to the world's growing energy consumption and the depletion of fossil fuel supplies. Supercapacitors have attracted a lot of interest because of their remarkable power density, quick charge and discharge rates, and extended cycle life, which make them ideal for uses like grid stabilization and electric vehicles. Supercapacitor electrodes are often made of carbon-based materials, particularly two-dimensional (2D) frameworks, because of their large surface area, adjustable electrical characteristics, and strong chemical stability. In this study, a comprehensive first principle study was used to examine the potential of graphdiyne (GDY), a 2D carbon allotrope made up of sp- and sp²-hybridized carbon atoms, as an electrode material for supercapacitors. This study investigated nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) doping and co-doping at different locations. Stability of doped structures was determined based on formation energies and cohesive energies. Pristine GDY exhibited a large band gap (3.52 eV) and low density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level, it shows that GDY has limited intrinsic conductivity. Doping with N and S significantly reduced the band gap. The chemical hardness was also reduced, accompanied by an increase in electrophilicity, it indicates improved reactivity and charge storage capability. Electron Localization Function (ELF) analyses revealed balanced regions of localized and delocalized electron density, with intense localization at heteroatom sites in co-doped structures, it indicates efficient charge trapping and transport. Charge Density Difference (CDD) maps further confirmed substantial charge x redistribution around dopant atoms, indicating enhanced active sites for ion adsorption. Density close to the Fermi level was revealed by Density of States (DOS) analysis, and this is directly correlated with better quantum capacitance. DOS plots showed a marked increase in states near the Fermi level for co-doped systems, directly correlating with enhanced quantum capacitance and electrochemical performance. These findings highlight the potential of heteroatom- doped GDY structures, particularly co-doped configurations, as high-performance supercapacitor electrode ma terials, paving the way for next-generation sustainable energy storage technologies.
Testing Title 2
(2025) Nadeem Sohail