Final Year Projects (FYPs) - Undergraduates

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/53

This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 128

Topological Indices Of Chemical Graphs
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2018) Sahar Dilber,; SP14-BSM-002; Dr. Muhammad Hussain, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5262
Topological indices are real numerical parameters of a molecular structural net works and structural networks. These networks are characterize its topology and graph invariant. The molecular networks plays a vital role in QSAR \QSPR study, phisco-chemical properties and topological indices like Randic, atom-bond connec tivity(ABC) and geometric-arithmetic(GA) are used to diagnose the bioactivity of chemical compounds. Actually these topological indices is designed by transforming a chemical structure into a numeric number. In the area of research graph theory has been found to be very useful. In this thesis, we will compute the degree based topological indices the so-called general Randic index Rγ(G) for γ = {1, 12−1,−12 },atom bond connectivity(ABC), geometric-arithmetic(GA), first Zagreb, second Zagreb, second modified Zagreb, third zagreb, hyper Zagreb and augmented zagreb topological indices for subdivision of dif ferent kinds of networks like sierpinksi s(n,k) networks as well as molecular structural networks. This study will give us a very interesting and different results by using new topological index that is first Zagreb, second Zagreb, second modified Zagreb, third zagreb, hyper Zagreb and augmented zagreb topological indices
Structural Properties Of Certain Molecular Graphs
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2018) Shahid Imran,; FA14-BSM-017; Dr. Muhammad Hussain, Assistant Profeso; LHR TP 5261
Abstract Let G=(V,E)beasimple connected graph. The sets of ver tices and edges of GaredenotedbyV =V(G)andE =E(G) respectively. In such a simple molecular graph, vertices rep resent atoms and edges represent bonds. In chemical graph theory, we have many invariant polynomials and topological indices for molecular graph. In this thesis we focus on the structure of molecular graph of Bakelite network. Morever the vertices having degrees (2,2),(2,3) and (3,3) gives the generalized form of count of edges in terms of m and n. The m in chemical structure represent the number of rows and n represent the number of column in Bakelite structure. In this thesis we compute the different indices such as Atom bond conecctivity ABC,Geometric arithmatic G(A), Zagreb, Hyper Zagreb, Augmented Zagreb, Randic index and Har monic indices of Bakelite network. Topological indices are real numerical parameter of a chemical structural networks and structural networks. These networks are characterize its topology and graph invariant. The topological indices like Randic, ABC, G(A), are used to diagnose the bioactiv ity of chemical compounds. Actually these topological in dices is designed by transforming a chemical structure into a numeric number. i
Solution of Differential Equations by New Homotopy Perturbation Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, 2018) By: Muhammad Azeem,; FA14-BSM-009; Dr. Mohsan Hassan, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5256
In this project, a new modification of Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), called New Homotopy Perturbation Method (NHPM), has been applied for solving systems of non-linear partial differential equations. In chapter 2 we solved differential equations by HPM and in chapter 3 we solved same differential equations by NHPM. HPM and NHPM methods have been applied to three examples successfully and achieved approximate solutions. The basic idea described in this project is strong enough to be employed to solve other differential equations. The computations associated with the examples were performed using Mathematica 9.
Ostrwoski Type Inequalities and Related Bounds
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, 2018) Muhammad Azhar,; FA14-BSM-016 C; Dr. Saad Ihsan Butt, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5260
Wegive simple proofs of Ostrowski’s inequality. Then we found some general bounds of a non-negative difference of the Hadamard inequality and an Ostrowski-Gruss type inequali ties. We also investigate new inequalities of the Ostrowski-type for the Cebysev functional and give applications for the Taylor’s expansion and generalized trapezoid formula.Using these results Fink identity can be investigated
Fractional Integral Inequalities For (α-m) Convex Functions
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Irshad,; SP14-BSM-007; Dr. Saad Ihsan Butt, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5263
The aim of this project is to establish the Hermite Hadamard’s inequality involving frac tional integral for m-convex function. The obtained results have some relationship with [S.S Dragomire, R.P. Agrawal, two inequality for differentiable mapping and application to special means of real numbers and to trapezoidal formula, Appl.Math.Lett.,11(5)(199
Coupled Parallel Fluid Flow in Porous Medium Adjacent to Free Flow Domain
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Ifrah Tehreem; CIIT/SP17-RMT-023/LHR; Dr. Mohsan Hassan; LHR TP 5746
Fluid flow through a partially filled porous channel, in which porous layer is considered at center of the channel bounded by free flow regions. Fluid flow over a partially filled porous channel is directed by different types of mathematical model with various kinds of boundary conditions at interface. In chapter 2, we consider the fluid flow through fluid-porous channel in which the flow in free region is governed by Stokes equation and Darcy-Forchheimer model. At interface, we assume the velocity for the free fluid is proportional to the shear rate of the permeable region. In this chapter, we examined the effects of the Darcy number, interfacial velocity slip coefficient and Knudsen number on the velocity distribution. In chapter 3, we consider the same channel in which porous media, but here mathematical model is govern by Stokes equation for free region and Brinkman model for porous region. In addition, at the interface, we use the continuity condition of velocity and shear stress with jump effect to find the fluid flow behavior through the channel. In this case, the effect of different values of Darcy number on the velocity distribution is analyzed and compare with the results of Chapter 2.
Rheological Modeling of Viscoelastic Materials through Different Methods
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Arooj Khizar; SP19-RMT-016; LHR TP 6473
The present work is concerned with the rheological modeling of viscoelastic materials through different methods. The viscoelastic fluids have mechanical properties that are intermediate between ordinary liquid and solids. These properties are measured through the several kinds of expressions which are developed through different methods. In this thesis these methods are discussed in detail. The thesis contains five chapters, first chapter comprises of introduction of whole thesis, definitions and basic terminologies that are used throughout. In second chapter, we have discussed the differential form of Maxwell model, Kelvin-Voigt model, Burgers model and Standard linear model for viscoelastic fluids. In third chapter, the Creep and Recovery form of all the models along with different loading conditions are investigated. In fourth chapter, the small amplitude oscillatory form of the models is modeled and used to investigate the behavior of elasticity and viscosity against angular frequency
Discrete Mathematical Analysis Of Vascular Tumor
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Awais,; FA16-RMT-007; Dr. Ayesha Sohail, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; LHR TP 5181
In this thesis, the growing field of mathematical oncology is discussed in a discrete manner. The discrete mathematical modeling of cancer has remained a topic of debate during the past decade. In the proposed research, we aim to discuss the effects of chemotherapy, on angiogenesis and on the associated tumour microenvironment with the help of a computational tool. Different combination of drug applications will be analyzed in order to predict the best dose candidate to eliminate the tumour. During this research, we will demonstrate, with the help of mathematical tools, the importance discrete agent based approach to model cancer invasion.
Thermodynamics of Specific Black Holes
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, 2020) Amna Khawer; , FA16-RMT-024; Dr. Abdul Jawad, Assistant Profesor; LHR TP 5190
In this thesis, we modify the first law of thermodynamics for regular black hole of non-minimal Einstein-Yang-Mill theory with gauge field of magnetic Wu-Yang type and a regular black hole, which is associated with cosmological constant by the surface tensions. The corresponding Smarr relations are also satisfied for them. The cosmological constant is taken as constant as well as variable (which is correlated with pressure). We calculate the Gibbs free energy to discuss the global stability of the above mentioned regular black holes in general relativity. At first, the cosmological constant is adopted as fixed and then as a variable, which is correlated with the pressure. The first law of thermodynamics is modified for both regular black holes, mentioned above, when the cosmological constant is treated as fixed and as a variable. Also, we investigate the thermodynamical properties and consider the logarithmic correction to entropy in order to analyze thermal fluctuations of two another regular black hole: 1) The AdS black hole in Born-Infeld massive gravity with a non-abelian hair. 2) The charged AdS black hole with a global monopole. We develop the many thermodynamical quantities such as entropy, temperature, pressure, heat capacity of a system at constant volume and pressure, ratio between the heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, the Gibbs free energy and the Helmholtz free energy for both black holes. We observe the critical behavior and phase transition and check the validity of the first law of thermodynamics. We observe the local stability and the global stability of the black holes in the grand canonical ensemble and canonical ensemble for the specific values of different parameters, such as, symmetry breaking parameter η and massive parameter m. ix
Cosmological Evolution in the Background of Non-Minimally Coupled Gravity
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Zeeshan,; FA16-RMT-010; DR. MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR, Assistant Profesor [Supervisor]; lhr tp 5182
In current cosmic scenario, an accelerated expansion era is being reported by various observations. The reasoning of such scenario is still unknown, the pres ence of an unknown energy component is seen which is named as DE. There are various approaches to discuss the existence of DE and present acceleration of universe. One of such attempts is the modification of Einstein’s gravity, here we attempt to explore this problem within the modified gravity based on non minimal matter-geometry coupling. We examine f(R,T,Q) theory (where R is the Ricci Scalar, T is the trace of EMT Tuv and Q = RuvTuv is interaction of EMT Tµν and Ricci Tensor Ruv). We formulate the dynamical equations in the back ground of FLRW model and find the result of non-conserved EMT using the divergence of the field equations. In this scenario test particles deviates from geodesic motion and an extra force is there due to non-minimal coupling. We appliedthis result to findanexpressionforenergydensityρforparticularchoice of Lagrangian. Furthermore, we discuss the energy bound on the modelparam eters and discuss the late time cosmic acceleration for best suitable parameters in accordance with recent observations.
New Solitary Wave Solution for Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2020) Urooj Akram,; FA16-RMT-005; Dr. Syed Tahir Raza Rizvi, Assistant Profesor; lhr tp 5179
A nonsingular and localized wave which propagates without change of velocity and shape is called a solitary wave. A soliton is a solution of NLPDE which has a per manent form and is localized. A solitary traveling wave does not obey superposition principle; it does not disperse. Solitary waves retain its permanent structure even when it collides with other soliton [25]. Soliton has many applications in other fields like engineering and biology. Soliton solutions can be calculated with the help of differ ent nonlinearities. These nonlinearities are Kerr law, power law, parabolic law, dual power law, exponential law etc. In this thesis we will study, the soliton solutions of Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Danial (LPD) model. In order to obtain exact soliton solutions several powerful methods have been proposed. We will use modified trail equation method with Kerr and parabolic law to obtain some hyperbolic and rational function solutions to LPD model. We also find new and more general exact traveling wave solution by using improved G′/G-expansion method with Kerr and parabolic laws of nonlinearities
Topological Indices Related to Graph Operations
(COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2020) Urooj Akram,; FA16-RMT-005; Dr. Syed Tahir Raza Rizvi, Assistant Profesor; lhr tp 5179
Topological Indices Related to Graph Operations In this thesis we find out the atomic bond connectivity index, Randic index, augmented Zegreb index, geometric arithmetic index and product connectivity index for sum and corona of any two connected graphs. By using neighborhood degree we formulate fourth version of atomic bond connectivity index ABC4 and fifth version of geometric arithmetic index GA5 of sum of two graphs. We also formulate atomic bond connec tivity index for product of any two regular graphs . Furthermore, we formulate new atomic bond connectivity index of F-sum of cycle (Cm) and path (Pn) graphs. At the end we calculate new atomic bond connectivity index ABC5 depending on graphs kC8 where k are the stages ofC8 depends on straight chain and pairwise zigzag chain
Tiplogical industries on line graphic of cellulose network
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2021) Muhamma Awais Iqbal; UR43/TOV/234; Dr. Muhammad Hussain
Topological index is a numeric parameter which describe some silent features (boil- ing point, stability and melting point, heat of formation and freezing point etc.) of a Molecular graph representing some chemical compounds. These indices characterize topology and are usually hold mathematical properties of Graph invariant.The process of transforming chemical information of chemical molecules into useful numerical results is known as molecular descriptor. These molecular descriptors are widely used in the study of Quantitative structure-activity relationships(QSARs) that provide insight into animate effects based on chemical structures.We’re going to investigate degree based topological indices such as Randic index, Sum connectivity index, Harmonic index, First Zagreb, second zagreb and third zagreb in- dices, Augmented zagreb index, Hyper zagreb index, Atom bond connectivity index
Distance and Eccentricity Based Invariants of Certain Networks, Nanotubes, Nanotori and Fullerene
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2021) Haseeb Ahmad; FA17-PMT-004/; Dr. Muhammad Hussain
Topological indices are numerical parameters to associate with graphs of networks, nanotube, nanotri etc and help us to understand the properties of concerned structures. These numbers remain invariant upto graph isomorphism. Like topological indices, algebraic polynomials are also important invariants to understand the topology of underlined structures and help us to recover many topological indices directly. In this thesis, we computed Hosoya, Harary and eccentricity connectivity polynomials of triangular oxide, regular triangular oxide, silicate, regular silicate networks, TUC nanotori and fullerenes. Moreover, Wiener, modified Wiener, hyper-Wiener, multiplicative Wiener, Harary and eccentric indices of above mentioned structures are also computed in this thesis. Our results may help to develop a better understanding about the nanomaterials and can be used to enhance the ability of existing nanostructures/networks.
Mostar Invariants of Different Families of Graphs
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2021) Noor-ul-Huda; SP21-RMT-015/; Prof. Dr. Kashif Ali
Mostar invariant is an advance bond additive invariant that was presented in the near past. We obtain results for different variants of weighted Moster indices. Furthermore, we de- termine the numerical expressions for different versions of weighted plus and product PI indices for chemical structures such as Melem chain nanostructure, Poly-methyl methacry- late network PMMA and SIO
Chaotic Attractors and Delayed Mathematical Model Of Oncology
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Shazia Batool; /SP21-RMT-010; DR. AYESHA SOHAIL
In the recent literature, the competition model of oncology is focused on can- cer. In chapter 1, we will study cancer with some basic examples and the lo- gistic growth of cancer cells. In chapter 2 we analyze the delay competition model and the stability at the equilibrium point must be observed. During this research, the competition model of oncology is used to demonstrate the interac- tions and dynamics of cancer and healthy cells. The impact of control measures on cell production and tumor control, and the competition for survival between the two populations, subject to natural and invoked constraints, such as oncol- ogy changes, and epidemiological conditions. The mathematical model helps to improve the limiting criteria, subject to the stable, asymptotically stable, and unstable cases respectively. The delayed dynamics subject to these constraints can be modeled well with the aid of delay differential equations. During this re- search, a delayed mathematical model is presented and the dynamical analysis is provided to support the hypothesis of delay in cancer cell harvesting.
New Fractional Extensions of Hadamard Mercer Inequalities
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Hira Inam; fa21-RMT-008; Dr. saad urllah But
In this proposal, we will introduce some fractional auxiliary equalities in Mercer sense. By using these equalities, we will give fractional Trapezoid Mercer type inequalities. We will use concept of line of support to obtain new Mercer type inequalities. Thus, these reﬁnements allow us to develop new extensions for integral inequalities. We will prove new Hermite-Hadamard (H-H) type inequalities with special functions involving fractional operators. For the development of these new integral inequalities, we will use H¨older and Power-mean integral inequalities. Visual illustrations demonstrate the accuracy and supremacy of the offered technique. We will reduce complicated integrals into simple forms by involving special functions. Hence, we will give new outcomes by using idea of earlier outcomes.
The Impact of Authentic Leadership on Employee Creativity in Project Based Organizations (PBOs) of Pakistan: The Mediating Role of Positive Affect
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Inam Ur Rehman; CIIT/FA19-RMS-002/ LHR; Dr. Zafar Uz Zaman
Authentic leadership is among those ideas which can help you in getting a competitive edge over your competitors and could help your organization be more sustainable in these challenging times. Employees look up to their leaders for guidance and expect their leaders to be transparent and authentic in whatever business practice they are involved in. Once employees have started idealizing their leaders and have developed loyalty towards the organization that they are part of, then there are high chances that productivity could be improved. This study has focused on the impact of Authentic leadership on Employee Creativity with the Mediating Role of Positive Affect. Previous studies have shown an association between Authentic leadership and employee creativity but none have shown an association between Authentic leadership and employee Creativity under the mediating role of positive affect in the project-based organizations of Pakistan. This study was conducted in the IT industry or Software houses of Pakistan because of the nature of their work and the importance of creativity in the IT industry (Software houses) of Pakistan. The data was collected through Virtual Questionnaires followed by the census method. The study is Quantitative and the Researcher was able to get 377 responses from employees working in various software houses. After carrying out the research through the application of statistical tools, the results came out to be aligned with the supporting theories and proved that Authentic leadership has a positive association with employee creativity. Furthermore, the regression analysis was also done to check the mediation effect in the study. Lastly, conclusions, and recommendations, were also added.
Ergodic Properties of Full Branch Maps
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Hadiqa Iqbal; FA20-RMT-023; Dr. Hani Shaker
Dynamical System is the study of a point in state space and its behavior over the time. This system contain functions which describe time dependence of a point in a topological space. There are some examples of dynamical system such as celestial bodies motion, ﬂow of water through a pipe, the movement of clock etc. Markov chain in dynamical system is a stochastic process that describes sequence of possible events whose probabilities relies on the states achieved in the previous event. In simple terms, outcomes of future state is dependent solely on current state. Markov chain has many applications e.g. lines of cus- tomers arriving at the airport or the ques in front of cash counter of shop, Exchange change rates of currency etc. Ergodic theory play a huge role in dynamical systems. Ergodic theory explains the statistical properties of dynamical system which are deterministic. By deter- ministic dynamical system, we mean the equation which determines the dynamics which do not have any random noise, perturbations. In this thesis, we will discuss ergodic prop- erties of full branch map. We will describe more general result about Markov maps which indirectly implies to full branch map. We will discuss Markov Chains, Markov Measure and Conjugacy of Markov Shifts and Interval Maps to reach out to our main result.
Extremal and Computational Invariants of Different Families of Graphs
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Farhana Yasmeen; CIIT/SP19-PMT-003/LHR; Prof. Dr. Kashif Ali
Topological invariants are the signiﬁcant invariants which are used to study the physico- chemical and thermodynamic characteristics of chemical compound.In this dissertation ﬁrstly, we compute the greatest edge Mostar invariant for cacti graph with ﬁxed number of cycles and n vertices. We calculate the sharp upper bound of the edge Mostar invariant for cacti graph. Moreover, we determine the different versions of weighted Mostar invariants for the molecular graphs of three types of dendrimers known as phthalocyanines, triazine and nanostar dendrimers as their cores by the use of the cut method and the numerical way.Secondly, we calculate the M-polynomial, forgotten polynomial, sigma polynomial , som- bor polynomial and different topological invariants of critical importance, referred as ﬁrst, second, modiﬁed and augmented Zagreb, inverse and general Randi´c, harmonic, symmet- ric division, forgotten and inverse invariants of chemical structures namely metal-organic networks (T M TCNB) , cuboctahedral bi-metallic (MOPs) and Trans-Pd-(NH