M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/30
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
Browse
11 results
Search Results
Item Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide and Metal Oxide Modified MOF Composite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Contaminants in Wastewater(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Zahra Arshad; SP22-R06-026; Dr. Muhammad Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 8664Dyes are synthetic organic compounds that are abundantly used in textile industries and major contributors towards environmental pollution. Their hazardous nature raises great concerns in the economy. A lot of research has been reported for photocatalyst to mitigate the dyes burden on environment. Graphene Oxide (GO) has been reported as excellent photocatalyst. In this study, novel modification of GO has been reported by modifying efficient materials like magnetic nanoparticles, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2, anatase) onto GO by simple hydrothermal method. Degradation of methylene blue, Congo red and methyl orange dye was reported by adding each GO modified composite. TiO2 doped Magnetic GO-MIL-100(Fe) composite being excellent photocatalyst, degraded Congo Red dye, Methylene Blue dye and Methyl Orange dye. In all these composites, MOFs retain their structure in addition to improving photocatalytic activity.Item Synthesis and Characterization of MOF-on-MOF Hybrid for the Application of Photocatalysis(LHR TP 8641, 2023-02-27) Alia Farooq; SP22-R06-002; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 8641Metal organic frameworks, made-up of organic ligands and inorganic connections used for extensive applications. The current study focused on the synthesis of efficient novel ZIF-67@MIL-96(Al) core shell hybrid for effective electrocatalytic water splitting. Hybrid was synthesized by solvothermal approach in which ZIF-67 serves as a shell and MIL-96(Al) as a core. For enhancing their stability novel hybrid was modified with CTAB and APTES. Synthesized and modified hybrids were characterized by IR and XRD, which were used to analyze the crystallinity and functional groups. The characterization peaks describe the successful formation of MOFs, MOF on MOF Hybrid & Modified Hybrids. The performance of this core shell novel material in terms of its ability to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction in the process of water splitting was then assessed. The novel ZIF-67@MIL-96(Al) hybrid exhibits a very low overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, as well as a Tafel slope of 62 mV dec−1. These performance metrics surpass those of both ZIF-67 & MIL-96(Al), which has overpotential of 272 mV 240 mV and Tafel values are 75 mV.dec-1 & 82 mV. dec-1. Furthermore, the electrode that was constructed exhibited remarkable chemical stability, therefore generating new opportunities for studying water splitting electrocatalysts which are essential for sustainable energy conversion. Hierarchical nanoarrays with core-shelled structure maximize active sites and efficient mass & electron transit increased electrochemical reaction surface area. This study describes a simple way to make excellent electrocatalysts for electrolysis of water, storage, and electrochemical energy conversion applications.Item Synthesis and Characterization of COF based Nanocomposites as Photocatalyst(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Talha Rafi; FA21-R06-027; Dr. Muhammad Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 8457Dyes are synthetic organic compounds that are abundantly used in industries. The use of these dyes is major contributors towards environmental pollution. Their hazardous nature raises great concerns in general public. Advancement in nanotechnology can efficiently help in mitigating this problem as nanoparticles can efficiently convert these harmful dyes into less harmful chemical byproducts through a process called Photocatalysis. COF has been reported as photocatalyst with less stability and efficiency. In this paper, new modification of COF-LZU-1 was reported by dopping Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag metals into COF-LZU-1 nanoparticles by simple solvothermal method. Degradation of 40ppm methylene blue and congo red dye was reported by adding 2mg of each metal modified COF-LZU-1. Cu being and excellent photocatalyst with smallest bend gap of 2.1eV, degraded Congo Red dye (95.7%) and Methylene Blue dye (80%). All these metals do not change actual structure of COF-LZU-1 but enhanced photocatalytic activity of COF-LZU-1.Item Synthesis and Characterization of COF based Nanocomposites as Photocatalyst(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-26) Talha Rafi; FA21-R06-027; Dr. Muhammad Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 8457Dyes are synthetic organic compounds that are abundantly used in industries. The use of these dyes is major contributors towards environmental pollution. Their hazardous nature raises great concerns in general public. Advancement in nanotechnology can efficiently help in mitigating this problem as nanoparticles can efficiently convert these harmful dyes into less harmful chemical byproducts through a process called Photocatalysis. COF has been reported as photocatalyst with less stability and efficiency. In this paper, new modification of COF-LZU-1 was reported by dopping Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag metals into COF-LZU-1 nanoparticles by simple solvothermal method. Degradation of 40ppm methylene blue and congo red dye was reported by adding 2mg of each metal modified COF-LZU-1. Cu being and excellent photocatalyst with smallest bend gap of 2.1eV, degraded Congo Red dye (95.7%) and Methylene Blue dye (80%). All these metals do not change actual structure of COF-LZU-1 but enhanced photocatalytic activity of COF-LZU-1.Item Synthesis and Characterization of PANI@cellulose Nanocomposite based Electrochemical Sensor for Environmental Remediation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-26) Nageen Shoukat; SP20-R06-010; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 7564In this work, porous CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam sensor electrode has been designed using electospinning of CA/PANI composite on Ni-foam and then drop casting of CuO-NiO nanoparticles for detection of bisphenol A (BPA). 3D nickel foam has been chosen as electrode substrate for the direct growth of CA/PANI since Ni-foam has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity, low cost, commercial availability, and porous structure, which provides large surface area for synthesis of nanofibers. This direct grown structure of CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam provides exceptional properties, such as reduced resistance, good electron transport, better adhesion stability and the excellent electrical conductivity as compared with non-direct synthesized electrode. Furthermore, a synergetic effect between CuO-NiO/CA/PANI and Ni-foam substrate enables the electrode for excellent sensing behavior towards BPA. The resultant CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance and differential pulse voltammetry were used for evaluation of synthesized sensor’s performance against BPA. Under optimal conditions, a linear response was observed against BPA and very low limit of detection as well (LOD=0.6uM). The CuO-NiO/CA/PANI@Ni-foam electrode demonstrated high reproducibility, consistency, and stability when used to detect BPA in water. The synthesized sensor's results demonstrated that it was extremely selective for the detection of BPA, suggesting that it could be useful in environmental based surveillances.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose based MOF for Photo-Catalytic Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-26) Zarmina Ali; SP20-R06-015; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 7569Metal organic frameworks are porous materials which are formed by the combination of organic and inorganic substances joined together by coordinate covalent bonds. This class of compounds possess many unique characteristic features. Such as high porosity, large surface area, stability and ability to modify their properties. MOFs are widely used for water treatment, sensing applications, in catalysis, removal of contaminants from air, and in targeted drug delivery applications. The Bio–MOFs with polysaccharides functionalities have gained a lot of importance due to their biocompatible nature and strengthened structures, without affecting internal properties of MOFs. Cellulose is a biodegradable, cost effective natural material which can be used to enhance the porosity, crystallinity & surface area of MOFs .However, Cellulose based MOFs show poor aqueous stability because cellulose swells in water due to its hydrophilic nature. In this work, hydrophobic composite of cellulose based Ni MOF composite is synthesized and has been explored for photocatalytic dye degradation. Aqueous stability of novel composite was achieved by its modification through adipic acid. After synthesizing cellulose from cotton stalk, it has been converted into nanocrystals to get versatile properties that is higher crystallinity. Ni MOF possesses excellent feature of narrow Band gap region (2.3 eV approximately).Narrow regions cause to improve the absorption of light rays, thereby facilitating dye degradation through photocatalysis. Two different combinations of MOFs that is CNCs @ Ni-MOF & CNCs @ AP@ Ni-MOF are synthesized. Kappa no. of extracted cellulose was found to be 30.5, which showed effective removal of lignin content from it.These novel composites are characterized via FTIR at each step during their preparation to confirm the successful modification. For CNCs @AP @ Ni MOF, the characteristic peak at 712cm-1 shows O-Ni-O bonding. The major peaks present in the regions of 3339 and 1102 cm−1, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of -OH functionality and glycosidic linkage (C-O-C) respectively. One of the major peak which proves the modification by adipic acid, was appeared at 1440 cm−1, ascribed the bendingItem Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Periosteum Bilayered Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair and Regeneration(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-23) Maheen Zafar; FA19-R06-037; Dr. Ather Farooq Khan; LHR TP 7311Periosteum membrane defects appear because of injuries, trauma, abnormal development within the body. Periosteum membrane surgery is the most complicated and sensitive due to complex functionalities and correct use of osteoconductive materials. Under certain conditions, bone fails to execute its normal functioning due to trauma, injuries or inborn diseases resulting in bone metabolism disturbance. Tissue engineering is an encouraging field that offers various bone alternatives that function similar to native bone to initiate bone repairing and regeneration. Few decades ago, composite scaffolds had been applied for BTE when natural bone fails to carry out its normal functioning because of severe damage. In this work, we have fabricated bilayered composite scaffolds of gelatin, PLA, HAp, and vitamin E respectively by electrospinning technique. Different physical characterizations were performed for composite scaffolds such as FT-IR and SEM. Moreover, the physiological behavior of composite scaffolds was also observed including degradation, swelling behavior and porosity. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of composite scaffolds was also examined. The porosity of composite scaffolds was observed in the range of 50% to 66%. In vitro studies demonstrated that composite scaffolds showed swelling behavior with acceptable degradation rate. From these results it can be concluded that these composite scaffolds support adhesion, proliferation, and cell attachment towards native bone tissues. Thus, these composite scaffolds will be an encouraging biomaterial for bone repair and regeneration.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Oxide Decorated Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-23) Rida Fatima Hussain; SP19-R06-017; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6520Dyes present in industrial wastewater are harmful to humans as well as environment. They are non-biodegradable synthetic materials that are difficult to degrade naturally. At present the simplest, economical and ecofriendly method for dye degradation is application of metal oxides nanocomposite as photocatalyst. Fabrication of metal oxide nanocomposites by using safe and cheap natural products for photocatalytic degradation of dyes is highly interesting field in material sciences. This research focuses on synthesis of four different kinds of nanocomposite CoO/Agcl/FeO, CoO/Agcl/NiO, CoO/Agcl/CuO, CoO/Agcl/ZnO which further processed with sodium alginate and form nanocomposite beads. The synthesized nanocomposites beads were characterized by FTIR. Futhure more, synthesized nanocomposite beads were employed as photocatalyst for the degradation of model dye methyl orange . The degradation of model dye was recorded high for Iron/alginate nanocomposite beads(90% in 80 mins) as compared to other nanocomposite beadsItem Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Filler Mixed Matrix Membrane for Dyes Degradation(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Bushra Anees Palvasha; FA18-R06-021; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6499It is acknowledged that water is the survival key for life on earth. Millions of human lives expire due to privation of water quality, ineffective management as well as low-quality wastewater treatment protocols. Water contamination involves the addition of harmful impurities e.g., herbicides, pesticides, dyes, resins etc.. According to survey, above 0.7 million tons of organic dyes are manufactured per annum that are used in many commercial products of cosmetics, painting, foods, plastic, textile etc. Dyes from the textile industry has been identified as the most polluting agent in comparison to others in industrial sector due to the discharge of around 25% leaching of toxic chemicals to water system. Among these dyes, azo dyes contribute nearly 50% of these contaminations. Various protocols are approved and tested for the removal of dye color in wastewater, that are classified as chemical, physical, and biological methods. Among these, the conventional biological protocols are cited as less effective due to high salinity of dyes wastewater and high stability of dyes structure. Currently, photo-catalysis has been reflected as an effective protocol for the destruction of dye due to easy treatment protocols, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Among various photocatalysts, Polyoxometalates (POMs) are contributing much more due to effective photodegradation nature, low-cost and easy synthesis protocol. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are polyatomic anions comprising transition metal oxyanions associated with bridged oxygen atoms resulting in closed three-dimensional assemblies. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous constituents consist of several organic ligands and metal nodes through coordination links, which are characterized by a high degree of modularity, excellent porosity and versatility. Due to high surface area, well crystalline structure, porous nature and tunable properties of linkers, MOFs showed numerous impending applications such as, energy storage, gas uptake, heterogeneous catalysis, pollutant elimination etc. POMs and MOF hybrids such as POM based metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have been mostly reported in multidisciplinary research fields as brilliant candidates due to their characteristics properties. However, high solubility of POMs and difficulty facing in dealing powder catalyst limits their application on industrial scaleItem Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Quantum Dots as Probes to Study Radiation Induced ds-DNA Damage(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-17) Muhammad Hassan Ahmad; SP19-R06-007; Dr. Mian Hasnain Nawaz; LHR TP 6511DNA is primarily a vital biomolecule that could be ambushed by both exogenous and endogenous sources of damage. Both exogenous and endogenous threats could provoke more than 105 DNA lesions spontaneously in human cells every day. The former sources come in a number of ways including, among others, ionizing radiations, ultraviolet (UV) light, thermal or hydrolysis disruption, environmental and industrial chemicals. Damages occurred by endogenous sources may come from several internal cellular processes like epigenetic modifications, hydrolysis, alkylation, nucleobase oxidation, adduct formations in bulk and errors in DNA replication by mismatch in nucleobases. Therefore, conservation of genome integrity is critical for traits inheritance to offspring and survival of any organism. Development of a rapid, sensitive and simple tool for the screening of DNA damage is the need of time. Fluorescence method is applied in a number of ways for the recognition of specific sequences of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) along with Ribonucleic acid (RNA). QDS which are semiconductor nanoparticles, possess many unique structural and functional features such as nanoscale size, suitable fixity, narrow emission spectra, versatile surface modification and high specific surface area. Owing to these exceptional characteristics, these particles are used as markers, fluorescent probes and biosensors in numerous fields. The monolayered MoS2 owing small lateral size could offer novel optical properties due to their quantum confinement effect and it could act as a promising material for the development of novel optical sensors and optoelectronic devices. A highly fluorescent MoS2 QDs based FL emission sensor was formulated to study the radiation induced ds-DNA damage. The ds-DNA solution was exposed to UV radiation and ultra-sonic waves for definite period of time to induce the ds-DNA lesions. The FL emission spectra of MoS2 QDs with different concentrations of damaged ds-DNA was observed. A significant quenching in FL intensity of highly fluorescent MoS2 QDs indicated the presence of active sites in damaged ds-DNA which formed interactions with QDs and reduced the FL activity of fluorescent QDs. The excitation wavelength (260 nm) and concentration (200 μl) for QDs was optimized and used throughout the experiment process.