Browsing by Author "Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq"

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An Efficient Energy Storage Electrode from Conversion of MOFs (Metal Organic Framework) to CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) on Green Template
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Sidra Zafar; CIIT/FA20-RPH-036/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7993
The bulk energy density of wood chips may be between 40 and 50 percent that of solid wood. If wood chips are to be reliably utilized in combustion equipment, especially small-scale and residential equipment, they must meet an appropriate quality requirement. It continues to be the most significant renewable energy source today, contributing around 6% of the world's total primary energy output. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous organic- inorganic hybrid materials with a remarkably high interior surface area. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules made of sheets of single-layer carbon atoms that have been wrapped up (graphene).The in-situ growth of CNT’s under optimized set of conditions can be achieved by calcinations of Metal organic framework (MOF).The current synthesis will be done by hydrothermal and pyrolysis process. Deposition of MOF will be done by vacuum. The resulted Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be well aligned embedded with green template. MOF is converted into CNTs by using carbonization method. The composition of the sample was investigated by different characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and functional group observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Specific capacitance value is 1938.4207 Fg-1 show the enhancement of conductivity.
Design and Development of Graphene Oxide Loaded Chitosan Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Regeneration
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) AMERAHA BINT E ISHFAQ; CIIT/SP19-RPH-005/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6368
Carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene oxide) are well known for their biomedical applications especially skin tissue regeneration, due to their potential to where they support angiogenesis, their good solution uptake ability, and antibacterial activities. The development of cost-effective chitosan-based materials that can support angiogenesis to tissue healing is highly desired to prepare advanced scaffolds using nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of prepared scaffolds to support angiogenesis towards tissue regeneration. Different composites of chitosan and graphene oxide were prepared by the freeze gelation method. During this process different low concentrations of graphene oxide in-situ in the chitosan solution stirred to get the homogenous solution. The synthesized composite scaffolds were then characterized for their structural, chemical and mechanicals analysis using FTIR and Tensile technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of chitosan functional groups in every scaffolds. Universal Fatigue testing results shows the tensile strength (MPa) and elongation at break (%) was increasing while increasing the concentration to the chitosan. All these experiments confirm that these membranes are suitable to use for tissue regeneration and wound healing applications.
Development of Flexible and Environmentally Safe Anodic Electrode Lead Acid Batteries
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Shahroz Khan; CIIT/FA17-RPH-032/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6066
In this era of advancement, world's most important commodity is increasing demand for green and reliable sources of energy. As traditional electricity networks are unable to meet these demands that is why world is moving towards green sustainable energy sources, as these sources are the only solution to tackle all these energy and environmental issues. Latest work in the domain of flexible electronics has set the high challenges for old energy sources. In this regard portable electronics like flexible and green energy conversion and storage devices has facilitated the mankind on the next level and still numerous doors are open for the researchers in energy sector. Lead dioxide is called the grandfather of all the coatings which are used to enhance the electrochemical properties of different metals. Lead dioxide based electrodes have high power density, discharge capacity about 140-230 mA h/g and high cycle life. Lead dioxide is being used as anodic electrode in lead acid batteries for hundred years ago. Lignocelluloses are very abundant on earth, incorporation of these natural fibers and textile fibers convert the rigid electrodes into flexible electrodes. These are very useful to meet the demand of flexible and environmental friendly technology for the modern age. This research shows that fabrication of lead dioxide with LC was successfully formed to report the lower chemical performance of direct deposition on LC and textile fibers. SEM Results gives the information about the surface morphology of a simple powder and composite with LC fibers. Addition of LC and textile fibers makes the working electrode flexible, low cost and environmentally friendly for flexible energy storage applications. Electrochemical measurements were performed i.e. cyclic voltammetry.
Development of Manganese based Flexible Electrodes for Zinc-Ion Battery Applications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Sajjad; CIIT/SP19-RPH-017/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7258
In recent years, flexible and electrically rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have received considerable attention due to their low cost, lightweight nature, and high energy density. This concern is encouraging stunning research on flexible rechargeable zinc batteries. Due to the high energy density of zinc-ion batteries, researchers have tried to improve the mechanism behind a zinc electrode(anode: a separator and electrolyte, which can be used to make a battery that will charge the battery and the electrolyte that will charge the battery). Manganese based materials have gained attention due to their abundance, long life cycle, low cost, and high energy density. MnO2 nanorods can create flexible electrodes for applications in batteries. The preparation of progressive bifunctional electrocatalysts based on textile fiber to produce solid-state zinc-ion batteries will meet the future demands of flexible devices, including those that are already in use in the United States and other countries.
Development of Tungsten Sulfide Based Compact Paper Electrodes for Supercapacitor Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Zubair Ashiq; CIIT/SP23-RPH-013/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 9634
The increasing need for advanced energy storage devices has prompted research into novel electrode materials for supercapacitors. This work examines the advancement of miniature flexible electrodes composed of tungsten sulphide(WS2), a material recognized for its outstanding electrical conductivity, layered structure, and electrochemical stability. A WS2 composite was created and utilized to construct efficient electrode structures, capitalizing on its flexibility, lightweight characteristics, and economical materials. Thorough electrochemical assessments, including cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were performed to analyses the performance of these electrodes in terms of capacitance, energy density, power density, and cycle life. The WS2-coated flexible electrodes exhibited exceptional charge storage capacity, rapid ion transit, and improved durability, rendering them appropriate for high-performance supercapacitor applications. This study introduces an innovative method for utilizing WS2 in the creation of economical, versatile, and eco-friendly energy storage systems, suitable for wearable electronics, portable devices, and renewable energy technologies.
Development of Vanadium and Natural Fibers based Flexible Composites for Modern Bendable Energy Storage Applications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Yasir Usman; CIIT/FA18-RPH-024/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6085
Approaching energy disasters, globally increasing demand for energy and the expected natural effect of expanded energy utilization require greener, safer, and low- cost energy storage advancement. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully fulfil the much of energy storage demand; but, lithium (Li) is an expensive metal, is unevenly distributed globally, and stances serious safety and environmental issues. There is lot of need to alternate old energy storage technologies. Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted attention owing to their eco friendliness, safety, abundance and lower cost, compared to LIBs. Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) use aqueous electrolytes, which is advantageous over other multivalent ion batteries such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+ that work in more complex electrolytes. Nevertheless, many fundamental and challenges need to with every new technology, many fundamental and challenges need to overcome as for new technology ZIBs towards commercial products. In this thesis, we developed V2O5 /ZnO through hydrothermal method and incorporate with lignocellulose as binder material to support modern bendable technology, including an understanding of working principle, reaction mechanism, electrolyte and characterization of developed cathode material for zinc ion batteries.
Electrodeposition of Metallic Nanoparticles on Flexible Tin Sulfide based Paper Electrodes for Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Sadaf Manzoor; CIIT/SP20-RPH-060/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7719
This research aspires to have an unconventional and alternative source for flexible and bendable energy storage devices that has proved very useful to meet the demand of today’s energy crises. It is very interesting to use natural self-growing plant’s lignocellulose that are very abundant on earth and convert them in the form of paper-based electrodes. Fibers from papaya stem were taken and then dried, which were then treated in a solution to make flexible and smooth sheet. Addition of LC fiber makes the working electrode flexible, low cost and environmentally friendly for flexible energy storage applications. Tin sulphide (SnS) is a promising new material for use in several energy storage applications with a direct energy band gap of about 1.3 eV. Due to inherent rigid structure Tin sulfide cannot employ for modern flexible energy storage applications therefore, the composites of metal sulfides with the natural fibers will helpful to produce the flexible matrix for metal sulfides Poor conductivity of SnS/LC based flexible sheets were addresses by the electrodeposition of nanoparticles (i.e., MnS, Se-2) on fabricated sheets. The fabrication of Tin Sulfide based paper electrode results in boosting up the energy storage properties mainly its conductivity. Due to increment in energy storage properties, these electrodes have vast application in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and sodium ion Batteries etc. These fabricated composites can be used further as flexible electrodes in energy storage applications because of enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed. CV results shows the at 100mvs materials with greater area under the curve has larger capacitance.
Extraction of Activated Carbon and Synthesis of Nickel Sulfide based Electrode for Supercapattery Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Mizna Naseem; CIIT/SP19-RPH-001/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6365
Supercapattery is a combination of battery and supercapacitor in which one electrode is of battery and another electrode is of supercapacitor. The purpose of this study is to combine the merits of both supercapacitor and rechargeable battery into composite or uniquely structured material for making high performance electrode which can posse high energy-density as much as the battery output a power almost as high as supercapacitor. Activated carbon used as battery electrode is prepared from biomass(orange peel).Activated carbon is extracted from orange peel. Nickel Sulfide used as supercapacitor electrode is also prepared by microwave method. Nickel Sulfide is prepared by using thiourea and Nickel acetate. This is carried out by microwave method. The extracted activated carbon and synthesized nickel sulfide were analyzed for chemical and structural analysis by electrochemical measurements. During this process NiS and LC fiber sheets are also prepared. The CV results shows distinctive redox reactions. As scan rate is increased current is also increased. FTIR was also performed. FTIR was performed to check functional groups. All these characterization techniques confirm that activated carbon and nickel Sulfide are environmentally friendly materials.
Extraction of Carbon Based Biochar fromWasted Biomass for Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Aftab Javid; CIIT/FA23-RPH-003/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHT TP 9838
The growing need for powerful eco-friendly energy storage has determined research into better electrode materials for supercapacitors. Supercapacitors famous for their fast charge and discharge cycles and high-power output, but their energy storage capacity remains relatively low, when relying on Bismuth Sulfide (Bi₂S₃). To solve this, we use Biochar, a carbon-rich material that can both store more electrons and also facilitates fast electron transport. In this study, we created a binder-free electrode by growing Bi₂S₃ directly onto Biochar made from Amal Tass pods biomass waste, using a fast microwave-assisted process. First, we turned the Amal Tass pods into conductive biochar through drying, grinding, and a simple hydrothermal step. Then mixed this biochar into water with Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O and thiourea, and exposed the mixture to microwave energy and a uniform Bi₂S₃–Biochar composite formed, no binders or extra additives needed. This composite delivers a high energy density, making it a strong candidate to replace batteries. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that Bi₂S₃ adopted its orthorhombic crystal structure within the carbon matrix, and it also showed the characteristic D- and G-bands of biochar at 1391 and 1595 cm⁻¹. When we tested the composite in 2 M KOH, cyclic voltammetry revealed clear redox peaks whose areas raised with scan rate, indicating strong pseudocapacitive behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed low charge-transfer resistance, which means ions and electrons move through the material with ease. Together, these results demonstrate that our quick, green microwave method produces Bi₂S₃–Biochar electrodes that combine high power with improved energy storage an encouraging step toward the next generation of sustainable pseudocapacitors.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Metal Sulfide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Electrodes for High Performance Supercapacitor
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) SHEHAR BANO; CIIT/SP19-RPH-003/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6367
In era of the modern energy storage technology fast charging in parallel to better cycling stability are required demands from the industrial market. Energy shortage around the world is currently emerging as a vital subject to be resolved. The rapid demand for energy usage leads the research path, along with ease of utility, towards the production of highly functional energy devices. Modern industries are striving to achieve highly effective, light-weight, portable and environment friendly energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to meet the current energy demands. Thus, paper electrodes play a vital role for modern flexible, light-weight and portable component of such devices. Herein, the research work presents synthesis of materials and fabrication of environment friendly, flexible, light-weight paper electrodes for supercapacitor. Natural fibers extracted from self-growing plants corn incorporate to provide mechanical stability to acts as non-toxic natural binders for electrode development. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is renowned for better cycling stability however lacks fast charging due to low surface area and poor electronic conductivity. Nanostructured metal sulfides e.g. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) can provide the high surface area to enhance the kinetics required for fast charging. Presented study is an attempt to fabricate MoS2/rGO composite materials for the development of high power density and better cyclic stability electrode for supercapacitor application. MoS2 synthesized through hydrothermal method and Reduced Graphene oxide is prepared after Graphene oxide is synthesized through Modified Hummer method is further reduced thermally to obtain reduced graphene oxide. MoS2/rGO composite is prepared through hydrothermal method. Corn fibers are incorporated to MoS2/rGO acted as natural binder for fabrication of paper electrodes. The developed electrodes were investigated and compared for energy storage applications through electrochemical analysis including cyclic voltammetry and Galvanostatic charge discharge testing via 3-electrode system. Other characterizations (FTIR, Raman, and SEM) were under processed due to covid 19 (for analyzing the developed material and its composite). Overall analysis confirms the successful formation of material and composite. The electrode showed excellent electrochemical response with specific capacitance and good cyclic stability. Further utility for symmetric or asymmetric supercapacitor could be done accordingly. Therefore, the prepared electrodes are moderate to utilize in energy storage applications.
Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Sulfide and Natural Fibers Based Flexible Composite for Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Ansar; CIIT/SP19-RPH-018/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7255
Metal Sulfides are commonly employed as an electrode for energy storage applications due to versatile characteristics of high-power density and cycling stability in comparison of metal oxides. Among metal sulfides, zinc sulfide is promising due to facile synthesis and wide potential window. However, zinc sulfide based electrodes are limited to employ in modern bendable/flexible energy storage devices due to inherited rigid structure. Lignocelluloses (LC) fibers known as natural fibers can incorporate flexible matrix for zinc sulfide nanostructure to develop flexible and environmentally safe paper electrode for energy storage applications. Presented research shows successful fabrication of zinc sulfide nanostructure via facile microwave assisted method and developed bendable ZnS/LC composite paper sheets. Furthermore, fabricated composition sheet is successfully prepared and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) characterizations for energy storage applications.
Formulation and Mechanical Properties of Cellulose / Silica Based Dental Composites
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2019) Muhammad Sabir; CIIT/FA17-RPH-028/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 5722
The dental composites are the materials that can be used as substitute of the teeth in the form of restorative material or adhesives. Dental composites normally contain acrylic resins, fillers and photoinitiator. The acrylic resins normally used are Bis-GMA and other dimethacrylate monomers (TEGMA, UDMA, HDDMA). The physical as well as mechanical properties of dental composites can be improved by various modifications. Cellulose Nano crystals having good mechanical properties as well as low cost and indigenous source were synthesized through acid hydrolysis. The Silica particles, known dental fillers were also synthesized through sol gel process and used in combination with CNPs for fabrication of composites materials. The prepared fillers (Cellulose Nano particles and silica) were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analytical instruments. The characteristic peaks assigned to CNPs and silica was depicted in spectral analysis of FTIR and XRD spectra. The SEM analysis shows Nano and microstructures of Cellulose Nano particles and silica respectively. The characterized Cellulose Nano particles and silica were mix in different ratios 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, 5:0 and used as filler to improve the mechanical properties of dental composites. The mechanical properties (Compression Mechanical properties, Vickers Hardness, Flexural Strength (3 point Bending), Biaxial Flexural strength) were evaluated for the prepared composites. The mechanical properties were observed to improve with the addition Cellulose Nano particles. Thus the Cellulose Nano particles have the potential to be exploited as fillers in the fabrication of dental composites for various applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Based Flexible Paper Electrode for Energy Storage Applications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Ishmal Irfan; CIIT/SP24-RPH-010/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 10122
The need for sustainable energy technology is fueled by the growing reliance on fossil fuels, which has resulted in significant environmental issues and resource depletion. Even though the use of renewable energy sources is growing quickly, reliable and effective energy storage systems are necessary for their successful implementation. Supercapacitors extended cycle life, high power density, and quick charge-discharge capability have made them attractive options. The creation of flexible and sustainable electrode materials by turning environmental trash into components with added value for energy storage applications is the main goal of this thesis. Co-precipitation was used to create silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles, which demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance, reaching a specific capacitance of 801 F·g⁻¹ at current densities close to 12 A·g⁻¹. A binder-free, three-dimensional, free- standing Ag-based flexible paper electrode was created by using natural fibers generated from banana peels as an inexpensive and renewable substrate for the direct development of Ag2O nanoparticles. The resultant LC/Ag2O composite electrode (1:1 ratio) showed outstanding cycle stability, low charge-transfer resistance, good rate capability, and a high specific capacitance of 623 F·g⁻¹. Ag2O was successfully formed and uniformly integrated inside the fibrous matrix, as validated by structural, morphological, optical, and chemical characterization utilizing XRD, Raman, UV-Vis, FTIR, and SEM. For next-generation flexible and wearable supercapacitor applications, the new flexible electrode architecture highlights a scalable and environmentally sustainable approach by providing effective ion transport and mechanical robustness.
Synthesis and Characterization of Doped Metal Oxide/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sensing of Neurotransmitters
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Inam khan; CIIT/FA18-RPH-030/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 6089
Dopamine is one of the main neurotransmitter of our body. The alteration in the normal concentration give rise to the multiple disorder and diseases. The electrochemical measurements of dopamine with bare electrode is not possible due to various problem like electrochemical fouling, interference species have same oxidation potential and lower concentration of dopamine in biological samples. The modification of working electrode is essential for fast, accurate, selective and sensitive detection of dopamine. Metal oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites have attracted great attention due to the synergistic effect. Zinc and cobalt nanoparticles contain several properties such as catalytic activity, high surface area, electrochemical activity, and oxygen transferability which are attractive for sensor applications. In this project the main objective is to study the synthesis, characterization and application of a new hybrid material designated as doped metal oxide/graphene oxide. In this work doped metal oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites has been synthesized by hydrothermal and co-precipitation route. Modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface has been by the synthesized nanocomposite. For the detection of neurotransmitters (dopamine) these modified GCE/ZnO/Co3O4 electrodes has been used. The electrochemical properties of the ZnO/Co3O4 modified electrode were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry and amperometric current-time method. The modified electrode has shown high electrochemical activity for the catalytic reduction and detection of dopamine. The nonenzymatic dopamine sensor shows wide linear range of 2- 90 mM (R = 0.97). The hybrid nanocomposite has exhibit the low limit of detection (LOD) 0.26 µmol L-1 , limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.813 µmol L-1 and sensitivity 1.32 µA. µmol L-1 were found.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Sulfide and Natural Fiber Based Flexible Composites for Energy StorageApplications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Waris Ali; CIIT/SP23-RPH-012/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 9633
The growing global demand for energy has placed immense pressure on current energy sources, which are insufficient to sustain our modern way of living. To address this challenge, the development of efficient, flexible, and sustainable energy storage systems is essential for replacing nonrenewable energy sources. Among various materials, iron sulfides have emerged as promising candidates due to their industrial relevance and versatility in advanced applications, including energy storage, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and electronics. Their widespread use is attributed to their abundance, cost- effectiveness, and impressive electrochemical performance. In this study, iron sulfide (FeS2) is synthesized using a microwave-assisted chemical method and co-precipitation technique, which offer significant advantages over traditional methods that often involve multiple synthesis steps, high-temperature treatments, or the use of hazardous and costly solvents. A novel, flexible paper electrode for supercapacitors is fabricated by combining FeS2 with corn fibers (lignocellulose), a natural, abundant, and renewable biomass material. Lignocellulose, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is a fibrous, non-starchy material that holds great potential due to its sustainability and eco-friendly nature. The fabricated flexible paper electrode is characterized using various advanced techniques to evaluate its electrochemical properties, flexibility, and overall performance. The integration of natural biomass with iron sulfide provides a green, low-cost, and scalable approach to energy storage systems, positioning this technology as a promising solution for meeting future energy demands.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium- Based Metal Organic Framework (MOFs) for Energy Storage Application
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Shahzad Safdar; CIIT/FA23-RPH-039/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 9865
This research presents the sustainable synthesis of magnesium-based metal-organic framework (Mg-MOFs) composites integrated with lignocelluloses (LC) fibers derived from corn husk via a hydrothermal method route using Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and H₃BTC as precursors. Magnesium was utilized because it is abundant, environmentally friendly, less reactive, cost-efficient, and an electrochemically compatible material. The resulting Mg-MOFs/LC composite harnesses the synergistic benefits of both components—magnesium offers lightweight characteristics, moderate electrical conductivity, and structural integrity, while lignocelluloses fibers provide biodegradability, flexibility, and environmental safety. Structural and optical characterizations confirmed successful composite formation. UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed enhanced light absorption with notable π→π* transitions and a red-shifted absorption edge (2.73 eV), showing strong interfacial electronic coupling. Raman spectroscopy found key vibrational modes, including Mg–O bonds and aromatic linker structures, alongside preserved organic functionalities. Electrochemical assessments showed that cyclic voltammetry shown pronounced redox activity with a high area under the curve. Although the specific capacitance of Mg-MOFs is 122 F/g but a reduction in specific capacitance was seen with LC incorporation, galvanostatic charge- discharge measurements proved extended discharge times and strong redox behavior, highlighting effective charge storage and diffusion. The EIS of composite show the less resistance as compared to Mg-MOFs. With its eco-friendly fabrication, mechanical resilience, and promising energy storage performance, the Mg-MOFs/LC composite appears as a practical material for next-generation flexible and biodegradable supercapacitor applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal and Natural Fibers Based Bendable Electrodes for Zinc Ion Battery Applications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Sheeza Musarrat; CIIT/SP24-RPH-008/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 10121
This study aims to address the inherent limitations of conventional zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) through the development of flexible and mechanically robust zinc-derived composite electrodes suitable for affordable, eco-friendly, and high-performance energy storage systems. Owing to their low cost, high safety, non-flammable aqueous electrolytes, environmental benignity, and high theoretical capacity, zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for next-generation energy storage applications. Despite these advantages, the intrinsic brittleness and limited mechanical flexibility of zinc-based electrodes restrict their practical implementation in flexible, lightweight, and wearable devices. To overcome this challenge, current research efforts are directed toward reinforcing active materials with natural fibers(NF)/lignocelluloses (LC) to construct composite electrode architectures. This strategy preserves the favorable electrochemical characteristics of zinc while simultaneously imparting mechanical flexibility, structural integrity, and deformation tolerance. In this work, NF-reinforced composite electrodes with different doping were synthesized and optimized using co-precipitation process. The resulting NF-reinforced composite electrodes exhibited significantly improved mechanical robustness without sacrificing electrochemical performance, thereby advancing their suitability for flexible and wearable zinc-ion battery applications. Beyond demonstrating the feasibility of NF-integrated flexible ZIBs, this study also examines the effect of different doping on the structural and electrochemical properties offering a sustainable and scalable pathway for enhanced next- generation electrode manufacturing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenide based Paper Electrode for Water Splitting Applications
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Anam Pervez; CIIT/FA20-RPH-020/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7982
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of electrochemical water splitting play critical roles in energy conversion technology that converts renewable electricity to hydrogen fuel, and the proper catalysts are critical to efficient electrochemical water splitting. Because of their unusual layered structure, relatively narrow bandgap, unique shape, and inexpensive cost, transition metal selenides (TMSes) are potential electrocatalysts for both HER and OER. However, their electrocatalytic HER and OER properties, particularly catalytic activity and endurance at high charge densities in alkaline media, are still far from suitable for practical deployment. Although its catalytic activity has to be increased, two-dimensional MoSe2 has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A microwave-assisted approach was used to produce MoSe2 nano powder. Many energy-related technologies rely on the development of improved electrocatalysts to enable efficient hydrogen evolution reactions via water splitting. Although the intermediate structure of individual components in the catalysts affects water splitting efficiency, its catalytic activity needs to be increased further. RAMAN spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry are used to investigate the structural features. The electrochemical characteristics of TMSes are discussed and organised accordingly. TMS structural engineering and composition are summarised. Finally, the challenges and prospects confronting TMSes-based electrocatalysts in advanced HER, OER, and other applications are discussed.