Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Supervisory Controller for the Speed Control of PMSM under Load Variations

Abstract

The control of speed in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) is a crucial aspect in various industrial domains, including electric vehicles, automation, and sustainable energy infrastructures. The maintenance of consistent speed control in PMSM encounters difficulties when faced with fluctuations in load. This research aims to demonstrate the implementation of a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and a hybrid controller which is a combination of PI and ANN in the speed regulation of PMSM while considering the variations in load. The hybrid controller that merges the benefits of a PI controller and an ANN controller is utilized to address the challenge of load variation. The PI controller is a reliable and consistent method of speed control, while the ANN contributes to adaptive control and improved performance in the presence of dynamic loads. The hybrid controller operates through the iterative adjustment of control inputs in response to motor feedback. The proportional and integral gains of the PI controller are tuned using ANN. The ANN learns the complex link between input parameters (e.g., motor speed, load torque) and the needed control action through a learning process. The controller's PI component delivers control signals proportionate to the difference between the reference and real motor speeds, resulting in fast responsiveness and stability. This allows the controller to adjust to changing load conditions and optimize the motor's reaction to keep the target speed. The controllers have been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and it has been observed that the PI controller produced the mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.389 and 0.6236 respectively. The ANN model produced the MSE and RMSE of 0.021155 and 0.1454 respectively. Then the MSE and RMSE produced by PI-ANN are observed as 0.000458 and 0.02144 respectively. The results demonstrate that the PI-ANN controller produced the least MSE and RMSE followed by ANN and PI. There are various advantages of using a PI-ANN hybrid controller for PMSM speed control on load variation. It improves system adaptability by allowing the controller to modify control parameters in response to real time load variances.