Development of Biochar Based Metal Oxide and Metal Sulfide for Their Applications in DSSCs

Abstract

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) emerge as a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar technologies due to their low cost, simple fabrication, and environmental friendliness. However, their performance is often limited by poor charge transport and recombination losses. To address these issues, this research focuses on developing a biochar-based composite using tin oxide (SnO₂) and tin sulfide (SnS₂) for application in DSSCs. SnO₂ was chosen for its excellent electron transport capabilities and chemical stability, while SnS₂, with its narrow bandgap, contributed to efficient light absorption. Biochar, derived from biomass, was incorporated into the system to enhance electrical conductivity, provide a high surface area for dye loading, and serve as a cost- effective and sustainable alternative to synthetic conductive materials. The combination of biochar with SnO₂ and SnS₂ resulted in a composite that improved charge separation and reduced electron recombination, leading to better overall device performance. Detailed structural and optical characterizations were performed to confirm the successful formation of the composite and its desirable properties. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated improved charge transfer behavior and lower internal resistance within the cell. The modified DSSCs showed a noticeable increase in power conversion efficiency compared to conventional configurations. This study not only presents a novel material approach for enhancing DSSC performance but also supports the use of eco-friendly and affordable components in solar energy applications, paving the way for more sustainable photovoltaic technologies in the future.