Catalytic Optimization of Lignin-Cr/Zn Binary Oxide Nano-composite for Dye Removal from Industrial Waste Water using Box-Behnken Design

Abstract

The most prevalent health issues these days is the lack of access to good drinking water. One of the main substances that renders water unsafe to drink is industrial dyes. Of these dyes, organic dye methylene blue (MB) poses the greatest risk to the environment and human health because it is poisonous, non-biodegradable and carcinogenic. It is typically discharged into untreated water bodies, endangering the health of people and other living things. Therefore, the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly method for eliminating MB from effluent is imperative. A popular advanced oxidation method for removing MB is photodegradation. Absolute mineralization of the dye to simple, harmless species is one of its benefits, and it may also lower processing costs. For readers operating in the field of dye deterioration research, this review serves as a foundational instruction. A summary of MB's reaction routes, intermediate products, final products, and photodegradation method is also provided. Lignin is a prevalent, naturally occurring, non-destructive organic compound previously regarded as agricultural waste and is now considered a precious material. This paper presents the synthesis of doped lignin with chromium zinc oxide resulting in a L@CrZnO composite by co-precipitation method which showed promising results as an antibacterial agent and for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants specifically MB followed by characterization with various methods like UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its antibacterial activity was determined by