Department of Chemistry
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Item Fabrication of Nanocomposite Based Electrochemical Sensor for Environmental Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-23) Muhammad Mathar Bashir; FA19-R06-020; Dr. Farah Alvi; LHR TP 7315With the advancement in industrial world, heavy metal ions are becoming great concern because industrial effluents contain large quantity of heavy metal ions. The increase in concentration of metal ions in water is creating many problems for aquatics life and human beings. Traditionally for detection of heavy metal ions atomic absorption, atomic emission, UV/Visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryetc are used but they are very sophisticated, expensive and require trained personals to operate. In contrast to that electrochemical techniques are inexpensive, portable and easy to use. The aim of this research was to modify our electrode to increase sensing ability of our electrode. We prepared nanocellulose and PANI based metal nanocomposites and fabricated our glassy carbon electrode by drop casting method. Cyclic voltammerty and electronic impedance spectroscopy were used for heavy metal ion sensing. Acid hydrolysis was used to prepare nanocellulose. Characterization techniques used to confirm our synthesis of composite were FTIR and XRD.Item Fabrication of High Value PET Based Membranes from Waste Plastic Bottles(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-23) Sajjad Hussain; FA19-R06-015; Dr. Asim Laeeq Khan; LHR TP 7317Use of organic membranes for purification and separation purpose is enhanced in modern era. Fabrication of these membranes is based on availability of different type of polymers. Recent literature has documented the effects of these polymers. Furthermore, use of these polymers boosts the cost of the membranes. At present, environment friendly, viable and cost effective materials are replacing these expensive polymers for the fabrication of membranes. In this view, current research work aims at the fabrication of polymeric membranes by incorporating eco-friendly and abundantly available waste plastic bottles (PET: polyethylene terephthalate) as a substrate. Initially PET was extracted from waste plastic bottles and then, was used to fabricate cost effective membranes. The extracted PET was characterized through FTIR analysis. Fabricated membranes were tested for desalination purpose. Water flux and salt rejection was measured and graphs were plotted. The results showed that an increase in polymer concentration resulted in form of decline in water flux and enhancement of salt rejection. This study also aims to provide easy and cost effective way to remove salts from sea water.Item Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Silica-based Hemodialysis Membrane(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Muhammad Jawwad Ahmad; FA18-R06-030; Dr. Nawshad Muhammad; LHR TP 6504Kidneys are an important part of human body. The function of kidneys is to remove toxic effluent and fluids from the blood and sustain the specific quantity of liquid in body to operate properly. When human kidney fail to work up to 90% either due to some disease or other reason, then patient body become loaded with toxic surplus. This can lead to kidney failure and even life intimidating if left untreated. There are some methods for the treatments of kidney failure in which the important one is hemodialysis therapy. In hemodialysis, human blood is passed through a hemodialysis machine, where most important component of the entire set up is semipermeable dialysis membrane, which has a tremendous impact on the quality and quantity to remove the unwanted uremic toxins from the blood of the patient who have been dealing with the kidney failure. Suitability of the hemodialysis membrane based on biocompatibility factor that depend on membrane chemical composition. Lower risk of death suffered to the patient when dialyzed with membranes that are highly biocompatible. Thus, current work is focused to develop a hemodialysis membrane based on novel formulations and methodology that is highly biocompatible when treated with real human body and also successfully removes the uremic toxins from the model solution of uremic toxins.Item Fabrication and Characterization of Tri-Layered Electrospun Membranes for Bone Regeneration(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus., 2025-04-01) Hafiza Sunaina Ijaz; CIIT/FA23-R06-011/LHR; Dr. Hamad Khalid; LHR TP 9687This study centres on the development and detailed evaluation of a tri-layered electrospun membrane designed to mimic natural tissue architecture for bone regeneration applications. The membranes consist of three unique layers: the outer layer is made of PLA embedded with Zr-ZnO nanoparticles, the middle core layer comprises PCL infused with Vitamin E, and the innermost layer is formed from Silk Fibroin (SF) incorporated with Si-HA to promote antibacterial activity, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis, respectively. To comprehensively assess the structural and functional properties of the scaffold, a range of characterization tools was employed, including FTIR, SEM, contact angle testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, micro-computed tomography, and porosity measurements. These analyses confirmed the presence of uniform fiber formation, interconnected pore networks, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical flexibility across the tri-layered structure. Biological assessments in vitro involved antibacterial activity, material degradation behaviour, swelling capacity, and cell-based assays using osteoblast-like cells. The membrane demonstrated minimal cytotoxic effects, strong antibacterial performance, and high cell viability. Additionally, cell adhesion and migration were notably enhanced, as observed through staining techniques and migration analysis. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of this multi-layered electrospun scaffold as a viable candidate for bone repair applications. Its design effectively merges mechanical strength, biodegradability, and biological activity, marking a meaningful advancement in the field of regenerative biomaterialsItem Fabrication of MOF@MXene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Environmental Pollutant(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus., 2025-04-01) Sehrish Javed; CIIT/FA23-R06-022/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9694Heavy metallic ions (HMIs) are some of the riskiest environmental pollutants because they're non-biodegradable, very poisonous, and have the tendency to bioaccumulate in residing organisms. Their incidence in water supplies is an extreme risk to human fitness and ecosystems. (Bi-S)n MOF@MXene composite was synthesized for sensitive detection of HMIs in aqueous media. The (Bi-S)n MOF was prepared through a microwave method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and 6,6-dithiodinicotinic acid. Using a combination of LiF and HCl, the aluminum layer from the MAX phase was selectively etched to create MXene. (Bi-S)n MOF and MXene were acquired to prepare a hybrid composite, which were solidified on a GCE. The conductivity, adsorption capacity, and sensing range of MOF were all enhanced by MXene. FTIR, XRD, CV, and EIS characterization approaches validated the structural integrity and excellent electrochemical behavior of the composite. The sensor indicated extremely excessive sensitivity with detection limits (LODs) of 1.9233 nM, 2.0927 nM and 2.2104 nM for Pb²⁺ Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in single detection. During co-detection, modest LOD expanded of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺and Hg²⁺ have been noticed due to competition among the ions.