Department of Chemistry

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    Efficacy of Linseeds for the Removal of Biofilm in Diabetic Foot Isolates
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-23) Mualla Haroon; FA18-R06-024; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6502
    Flaxseed is beneficial for the human consumption as it contains omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linoleic acids, lignans, and valuable fibers. It helps in the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The proximate composition of flaxseed determines that it contains 80% globulins and 20% glutein. Flax contains almost 20% of fiber. Flax contains both soluble and insoluble fibers which are almost 20:80 and 40:60. Flaxseeds have a great medicinal effect. It helps in the treatment of various diseases especially diabetes. This research work focuses on the antimicrobial activity of Linseeds and above all the major focus was to treat the foot ulcer of diabetic patient by using Linseed extract. The foot bandages of these patients were collected and thus treated with extract to kill microorganisms present on it. Antimicrobial activity was carried out in a Laminar flow to keep germs away from the working area. Similarly, the bandages were also kept in close plastic bags to avoid contamination. Proximate analysis confirms moisture content 8.33 %, ash content 4.33 %, crude protein 21.20 %, crude fat 49.2% and crude fiber 5.63%. It was revealed that gram positive bacteria are most prevalent among all study groups. Linseed extract possess significant bactericidal potential against s. aureus among all other microbes. Owing to this potential, linseed coated bandages can be used alternatively for the treatment of diabetic foot. The present research work emphases on the health benefits of Linseeds and its application in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. The development of linseed bandages should be initiated as future medicine for patients having diabetic foot ulcers.
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    Formulation of Cartilage Regeneration Patches Using Hyaluronic Acid Beads
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Fatima Noor; FA18-R06-023; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6501
    Hydrogels have regenerative behavior therefore they are widely used as injectable scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chitosan is a well-known biomaterial which is extensively used in tissue engineering. Chitosan membranes were fabricated in different compositions by freeze-gelation of mixture of chitosan impregnated with beads of collagen/alginate. Collagen was used to improve the biocompatibility of scaffolds. FTIR was used to observe the distribution of constituent materials used in the scaffolds. Swelling and degradation studies showed good equilibrium ratio in PBS solution. The mechanical strength of these scaffolds matches with the mechanical strength of natural tissues. These results showed that collagen/alginate scaffolds could be potential candidate for tissue engineering. These results encourage the use of chitosan scaffolds and significance of collagen/alginate scaffolds for regenerating tissues and organs
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    Development of Bio-Degradable Films from Fish Wastes
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Nasir Ali; FA18-R06-034; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6505
    Presented research proposal comprises on the extraction of Gelatin from different fish waste materials like skin, bones and scales. Gelatin is mostly used in different food recipes to develop flavor and texture. Rohu fish gelatin is an excellent replacement to artificial plastics for making films to prevent food contamination. In this context, fish gelatin is getting commercial interest due to high collagen content, diverse gelatin and generation of low environmental pollution ultimately. Different extraction procedures based on acidic and alkaline methods will be employed to get good gelatin yield for the development of decomposable gelatin films (Thin layers) for packaging materials. Finally, an extracted gelatin will be characterized by UV, FTIR and XRD.
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    Phytoremediation of Pharmaceutical Effluents by using Plants Husks
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Bilal Shabbir; FA18-R06-017; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6495
    The goal of this research is to filter and characterize the Husk of rice and coconut for the removal of toxic pollutants from Pharmaceutical wastewater. It has been reported that organic waste can adsorb pollutants more efficiently from wastewater as compared to other adsorbents due to their small size, high surface area and high chemical reactivity. Water can be purified by different methods, and different methods have been reported to remove pollutant from water but where adsorption is more efficient due to its properties like cost effective, simple methodology, and rapid operation. Adsorption method for separation is most popular due to easier methodology, requires lesser volume for process, high efficiency, easiness and characteristic of regeneration and produce lower volume of sludge. Before and after samples of husk were confirmed by FTIR and XRD used as adsorbent for removal of contaminants from wastewater. FTIR spectra correlated with peaks of husk from literature. In XRD graph, peaks confirm the formation of husk and antibiotics complex. These composition shows high adsorption and dye degradation in reported Uv-analysis and they can easily separate out from solution after adsorption. Husk showed high adsorption capacity of antibiotics and can remove 80% of antibiotics from water in 30 min.
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    Nanocomposite of Conductive Polymer Decorated with Metal / Metal Oxide as Electrochemical Sensing Probe for Phenolic Derivatives
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Muhammad Tayyab; FA18-R06-007; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6490
    The purpose of this research project is to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with copper polyaniline (Cu-PANI) to electrochemically detection of 4-aminophenol. Therefore, copper polyaniline (Cu-PANI) is synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization, and then copper (Cu) is injected into the polyaniline. Copper nanoparticles interact with the mobile groups of polyanilines through electrostatic force (van der Waals force). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies confirmed the presence of functional groups in the synthesized nanocomposites, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) confirmed the Cu doping into polyaniline and composition of nanocomposites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the morphology of Polyaniline (PANI), and size of the Cu-PANI morphology. In cyclic voltammetry (CV), modified (Cu-PANI)/GCE electrode behaviour showed toward 4-AP was studied in the presence of supporting electrolyte (0.1 M H2SO4) with optimized potential window range (0.2 to 0.8 V) at 50mV/s scan rate. The electron transfer was the study of Cu-PANI/GCE at 0.52V oxidation peak and with different concentration as well. The qualitative technique differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was performed to determine the linear response (5μM to 2mM) of 4-AP with lower limit detection is 10μM. The Cu-PANI/GCE showed sensitivity and selectivity for 4-AP and even in the presence of organic interference species. This improved electrode is cheap, robust, selective, and sensitive, and has an excellent volume to surface ratio. Therefore, the produced electrochemical sensor has good sample analyzer activity and is equally effective in analyzer sewage, tap-water, and industrial wastewater as well.
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    Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles for Removal of Arsenic from Model Wastewater
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Muhammad Yar; FA18-R06-020; Dr. M. Shahid Nazir; LHR TP 6498
    The goal of this research is to synthesize and characterize the different composition of magnetic Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. It has been reported that nanoparticles can adsorb pollutants more efficiently from wastewater as compared to other adsorbents due to their small size, high surface area, magnetic properties, high chemical reactivity and selectivity. Nanoparticles can be prepared by different methods e.g., co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, solution combustion, and pulse-laser ablation where co-precipitation is more efficient due to its properties like cost effective, , simple methodology, better homogeneity, and rapid operation. Different methods have been used to remove pollutant from water but adsorption method for separation is most popular due to easier methodology, requires lesser volume for process, high efficiency, easiness and characteristic of regeneration and produce lower volume of sludge. Synthesis of Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 and Zn0.5Mn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XRD used as adsorbent for removal of contaminants from wastewater. In XRD graph, strong peaks at 300, 340, 350, 430, 520, 550, 640 confirm the formation of crystalline cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra of sintered cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles correlated with peaks 1102 cm-1 and 1454 cm-1 of nanoparticles from literature which confirms the formation without the presence of –OH group on the surface due to sintering. These composition shows large surface area of 22.42 (m2/g) and porosity is 3.8 nm in reported analysis which enables them to show high adsorption and they can easily separate out from solution after adsorption due to their magnetic nature by applying external magnetic field. Zn0.5Mn0.5-xFe2O4 showed high adsorption capacity of MO and can remove 80% of MO from water in 20 min.
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    Preparation of Nature Mimicked Composite Materials for Tissue Regeneration
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Moiz U Din Khan; FA18-R06-018; Dr. Sobia Tabassum; LHR TP 6496
    Skeletal defect is the second largest reason that leads to disability in worldwide. The bone is the most common transplanted tissue after blood. Bone regeneration strategy remains a significant challenge in the treatment. The filling of the lesion is an important factor to evaluate regenerative ability of implant along with its bioactivity. Most of regenerative commercial approaches are not very practical to use. Their application in trauma site caused varied degrees of damage to normal tissues. Pre-formed scaffolds cannot fill irregular defects as good as in situ forming implant. In-situ formed implants received great attention as they provided ease of use along with excellent healing capacity. A thermosensitive in situ forming hydrogels are synthesized by crosslinking of Chitosan (CS), Zein (ZN) and Hydroxyapatite (HA). CS, ZN and HA are biocompatible, economical, and biodegradable materials, used in range of biomedical applications. HA is gold standard biomineral used for excellent regeneration of bone tissue. ZN is a good source of amino acids that can help in regeneration of collagen matrix of hard and soft tissues. CS is the second most abundant natural biopolymer having excellent ability to from thermosensitive hydrogels. The major challenge of in situ forming implants is relatively low mechanical strength. To improve the mechanical strength and biological performance ZN is used. HA is synthesized via economical co-precipitation method. CS/HA/ZN thermosensitive hydrogel of different composition CS.HA.ZN (0), CS.HA.ZN (25), CS.HA.ZN (50) CS.HA.ZN (75) CS.HA.ZN (100) are prepared. Changing the pH of CS solution gradually acidic to neutral converted it to gel phase. Appropriate reagents that gradually change the pH are used. Here very less explored calcium glycerophosphate (Ca.GP) is used. Ca.GP help is contains Calcium and phosphate groups that are also component of hard tissue so presence of this also facilitate regeneration. Thermo sensitive in situ forming hydrogels are prepared by optimizing by changing the amount of neutralizing agent’s and Ca.GP and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). CS, ZN and HA solution in the presence of neutralizing agents at 10 -12 °C existed in solutions form and constituted to hydrogels setting at 37 °C in 6-7 minutes.
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    Detection of Heavy Metal Ions using a Composite of Graphene Oxide, Iron Oxide and Metal Organic Framework
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Farhan Nazir Ahmad; FA18-R06-005; Dr. Sara Riaz; LHR TP 6489
    Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, tend to accumulate in living organisms and cause serious health problems. Therefore, effective treatment of heavy metal ions in aqueous media is critical for public health. For selective and sensitive detection of Pb+2, Hg+2 and Cu2+, glassy carbon electrode was modified by a composite of Graphene oxide, metal organic framework and iron oxide. GO serves as backbone of MOF and iron oxide. It improves conductivity by enhancing electron transfer rate in matrix. Moreover, there are interactions between hydrophilic groups of GO and metal cations. GO, MOF and composite of GO-iron oxide was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The detection performance of electrode modified by composite of GO-MOF-iron oxide and GO-iron oxide was explored by EIS and CV. On introduction of MOF-5 to composite of GO-iron oxide, MOF-5 blocks active sites of composite and deactivate it, as MOF-5 hinders transfer of electron. While composite of GO-iron oxide shows excellent heavy metal ions adsorption, high capacitive current and better sensitivity as compared to composite of GO-MOF-iron oxide. This is all attributed to better electron transport properties, good electronic conductivity and large surface area of GO-iron oxide which lead to excellent catalytic response towards heavy metal ions.
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    Carbon Nanotubes and their Composites for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Muhammad Umar Shakeel; FA18-R06-010; Dr. Abdur Rahim; LHR TP 6492
    Glucose plays a significant role in human body for energy generation and brain functioning. Human blood glucose level is a universal mark of an individual’s health particularly for the ones threatened with diabetes. Amid the rising number of affectees, various materials are being tested for incorporation in glucose sensing. An efficient and cost effective simple one step hydrothermal procedure for synthesis of cobalt selenide (CoSe) decorated carbon nanotubes using powdered selenium and hydrazine is reported with a feasible application of this advanced composite material as a novel binder free electrocatalytic material for glucose sensing and detection. A glassy carbon electrode deposited with the CoSe@CNTs shows eloquent excellence in application of glucose sensing exhibiting a lower limit of detection of 1.25 mM and an exceptionally high maximum current density of 6.8 ± 0.03 mA cm-2 in basic medium. Bulk electrochemical measurements performed with CoSe@CNTs loaded glassy carbon electrode also confirmed the oxidation of glucose in alkaline media
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    Detection and Differentiation of Bovine and Porcine Gelatin in Commercial Products
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Shakeela Mansha; FA18-R06-029; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6503
    Gelatin is commonly used in different commercial products. The font of gelatin is from porcine or bovine. Gelatin is much similar in illustration of composition, physicochemical properties and arrangement of Amino acids yet having different source. Due to these similarities, differentiation to find source is become challenging. In this present work, the sources of gelatin were find out in a very economical but simple method to ensure Halal food products. This examination was done to extricate and portray gelatin from various business products. Then treated with 1% NH4HCO3 having pH 8.0 at 25℃ for 24 hours. The gelatins were treated by trypsin enzyme, and the succeeding peptides were evaluated by HPLC–MS. The marker peptides specific for bovine like and porcine were efficiently gotten in the split with bull like and porcine gelatin. Comparable examinations exhibited that specific peptide marker show the presence of porcine gelatin. It was noticed that proline hydro-xylation was the main factor impacting the peptide ID. For instance, GPPGSAGSPGK and GPPGSAGAPGK perceived in prepared bull like and porcine gelatin. The outcomes demonstrate that identification of peptides in the processed gelatin test utilizing High performance liquid chromatography along with mass spectrometry is a viable strategy to separate among cow-like and porcine gelatin. Skyline software was used to interpret the graphs. TIC and MRM studies was done to interpret the data. We have discovered certain peptide markers which are valuable to separate porcine and ox-like gelatin. Sample no.6 was the focal point of concern since it shows the peptide marker of both porcine and ox-like peptide. Remaining examples indicated whether the source is ox-like or porcine.