Department of Chemistry
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Item Injectable Osteogenic and Antibacterial Pastes for Improved Bone Repair(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-24) Ayesha Fazal; FA19-R06-002; Dr. Aqif Anwar; LHR TP 7333Bone defects and diseases have a huge impact on the human population worldwide. According to a report about 19% of Pakistan’s population have osteoporosis while 64% have osteopenia that can lead to osteoporosis. Accidents, sports trauma, ageing and pathogenic infections like osteomyelitis result in the need for bone repair and regeneration. Tissue engineering solutions that can be applied through minimally invasive intrusion are of special interest for the ideal filling of complex defects which avoids the harms and infections related to open surgery. For bone repair and regeneration synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) based injectable bone substitutes are highly promising. Nano sized HA (Nano-HA) has significant osteogenic potential from the clinical viewpoint because of its high surface area to volume ratio. Both wet and dry techniques have been reported for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. These traditional techniques are time consuming, often require strict over reaction parameters, and often need high temperatures (for post processing or synthesis) and expensive precursors. In this work HA was synthesized using a novel flow synthesis set up. It is a very convenient technique due to its ease of use, continuous and rapid manner and high yield ability. ZnO and Co-precipitated HA-ZnO were also synthesized using a novel flow system based on near ambient conditions. Oxides such as Zinc Oxide show antibacterial behavior and are therefore of interest for use with HA to develop bi-functional materials. Traditional approaches rely on using HA based powders or granules in the defect site. Bony sites are prone to infections and often require major antibiotics for a long period of time. If the antibacterial nature is ensured at the defect site, in addition to bone being regenerated quickly and in a quality manner, persistent infections can be mitigated. This can reduce the risk of revision surgeries, implant removals and in worst cases amputations and deaths. Our proposed solution relies on a biocompatible chitosan paste as a binder and carrier for flow synthesized HA and ZnO particles. The potential solution has been developed in such a way that it maintains its putty form and can also be used as an injectable option providing maximum choices to the surgeon for defectItem Development of Novel Silk/Collagen based Hydrogels as Nucleus Pulposus Alternatives for Improved Spine Care(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-23) Ifrah Kainat; FA19-R06-006; Dr. Aqif Anwar; LHR TP 7332Spine being the main structural unit of human body helps in keeping it in well defined shape and allowing it to perform its normal activities. Without a spine human structure will collapse and the body will not be able to maintain its integrity. The Spine is dependent on small intervertebral discs present amid the vertebrae to keep it standing and perform the vital functions. These intervertebral discs have three main structural unit mainly annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the end plates. Degeneration of the discs occur due to nucleus pulposus when it fails to perform its functions due to loss to water and other chemical components which allows it to withstand the mechanical pressure coming from different body parts. Disc degenerative diseases are the main health concern all over the globe as it effects the health of workers, in different fields of life. Problems associated with lower back pain have been an issue for mankind for centuries. Biblical and Hippocratic data have recorded the earliest cases of patients with lower back pain. Lower back pain is a major health concern in industrialized countries all over the world, placing an economic burden on the society. Billions are consumed on health care due to lower pain all over the globe. Different methods to cure DDDs include discectomy, implants and fusion. Most of these are shortlived treatments and results in reduction of disc height. Most recent approach is to replace the problem causing nucleus pulposus with some other biocompatible material that can mimic its natural properties in having enough mechanical strength. Hydrogels are supposed to be best materials to replace nucleus pulposus. Keeping in view we tried to fabricate silk , PVA and collagen based hydrogels crosslinked by glutaraldehyde as a replacement for nucleus pulposus. The hydrogels were fabricated using freeze drying method and were characterized using FTIR, SEM, Alamar blue assay, swelling and degradation studies. The characterization showed designed hydrogels were cell compatible, non-cytotoxic and were stable under swelling and degradation studies. These hydrogels can be further studied and can be used as a viable nucleus pulposus replacement.