Department of Chemistry
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Item Fabrication of (GTR) Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane Using Lignin Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles in Bio-polymer Matrix(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Bushra Bilal; SP19-R06-008; Dr. Nawshad Muhammad; LHR TP 6512Periodontal disease is a common complication and conventional periodontal surgery can lead to severe bleeding. Different membranes have been used for periodontal treatment but there are still some limitations, such as improper biodegradation, poor mechanical property, and no effective hemostatic property. To overcome these shortcomings, Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes that favor periodontal regeneration was prepared. The mucilage of chia seed was extracted and utilized in the preparation of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. Lignin having antibacterial properties was used to synthesize lignin mediated ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) followed by characterization with analytical techniques like FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscope), XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), and RAMAN spectroscopy. To fabricate the GTR membrane, extracted mucilage, lignin coated ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were mixed in different ratios to obtain the thin film. The fabricated GTR membrane was evaluated for mechanical properties using a fatigue dynamic analyzer and appropriate degradation rates were approved by Swelling analysis in water for some time. The fabricated GTR membrane showed excellent antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. Coli.Item Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Silica-based Hemodialysis Membrane(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Muhammad Jawwad Ahmad; FA18-R06-030; Dr. Nawshad Muhammad; LHR TP 6504Kidneys are an important part of human body. The function of kidneys is to remove toxic effluent and fluids from the blood and sustain the specific quantity of liquid in body to operate properly. When human kidney fail to work up to 90% either due to some disease or other reason, then patient body become loaded with toxic surplus. This can lead to kidney failure and even life intimidating if left untreated. There are some methods for the treatments of kidney failure in which the important one is hemodialysis therapy. In hemodialysis, human blood is passed through a hemodialysis machine, where most important component of the entire set up is semipermeable dialysis membrane, which has a tremendous impact on the quality and quantity to remove the unwanted uremic toxins from the blood of the patient who have been dealing with the kidney failure. Suitability of the hemodialysis membrane based on biocompatibility factor that depend on membrane chemical composition. Lower risk of death suffered to the patient when dialyzed with membranes that are highly biocompatible. Thus, current work is focused to develop a hemodialysis membrane based on novel formulations and methodology that is highly biocompatible when treated with real human body and also successfully removes the uremic toxins from the model solution of uremic toxins.Item Amine Functionalized Mesoporous Silica and Polyurethane Based Membrane for Cationic Natured Dye Removal from Industrial Waste Water(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Muhammad Hassan Sajjad; SP19/R06-014; Dr. Nawshad Muhammad; LHR TP 6517Textile, leather, printing, paper, plastic and other industries have been producing large amount of waste water containing harmful dyes now a days. Most dyes that are stable to ultraviolet light are not decomposable in the textile industry. They are also immune to aerobic digestion which makes them a long-term water pollutant. To reduce the risk of contamination, dyes should be treated before they are released into rivers. In the last 3 decades, membrane-based separations have become increasingly common and one of the most exciting 21st century technologies. In the process to refine a wide range of fluids from water and waste water to pharmaceutical and chemical materials, membrane technology is an advanced wastewater treatment technology. Membrane procedure is of greater interest because the unit volume is reduced, process water is recycled and useful materials are recovered for other uses. The current research work was focused on the careful analysis of literature, the research gap and the necessary findings for selecting polymers and the suitable additives for cationic dye removal. Polyurethane displayed a strong anti-fouling property that’s why PU has been chosen as a basic polymer. Since, PU did not provide all the required properties of fabricating membrane that’s why novel composites are blended with it as an additive. Thus, the APTES and MCM-41 based covalent bounded dual natured fillers are prepared that is mixed in appropriate amount (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) with PU, which provides high surface area in low volume in the membrane matrix. FTIR analysis was used to elaborate the internal chemistry of polymer and amine/silica based filler, whereas AFM surface morphology described the homogenous distribution of compositional element in membrane blend via its 3D images. AFM technique is also used for grain analysis and surface roughness data. Detail antifouling properties with membrane dye resistance ability described that MCM-41/APTES based membranes just showed 10-11 % ir-reversible resistance with 88-89% flux recovery against dye contaminants. Negligible leaching, higher water adsorption and lower pore size and lesser surface roughness recommend the membrane to be used in dye separation filtration, two model dye name as crystal violet dye (MW: 407.979 g/mol) and Pink dye (MW: 879.86 g/mol) were selected for filtration processes. Results revealed that MCM-41/APTES membrane provided 82-87% clearance rate.