Department of English
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Item Hegalian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison’s Novel A Mercy(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Habib Ur Rehman; FA16-REL-009; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5170The present research has been conducted on “Hegelian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison Novel A Mercy”. In this study, the researcher aims to look at Hegel’s Master-Slave Dialectic and its application and manifestation in Toni Morrison’s novel A Mercy. The master and the slave come into contact In order to be recognized by each other driven by desire or begirede. The ultimate objective of the slave is to get independence with the agency of labor. The role of the slave is to provide productive things out of raw material to please his master. Through his constant labor and hard work the true potential of the slave reveals and he strives to be independent from the chains of slavery. However, when this Hegelian dialectic of master-slave is applied on the main protagonist Florens, it was exposed that Florens could not get self-consciousness or recognition from the symbolic masters rather the treatment she received from her masters shattered her identity and divided her soul. It was also revealed that scars and traumatic experience of racism, paternalism and ingrained slavery in the society impeded Florens to get freedom and self-consciousness. Her subjectivity was taken away and she reduced to mere an object. However, the blacksmith’s rejection paved the way for her to reflect on her life journey. At this juncture she realized the catastrophic ramifications of slavery and consequences to give her in the dominion of other.Item Construction of Pariah Figure: A Feminist Study of Toni Morrison’s Sula and Qandeel Baloch(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Zuha Khawar; FA16-REL-008; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5169Afro-American novels constitute social, cultural and economic aspects, which deal with the individuality and the social milieu. The novels deal with the exploitation of the black society, their self and identity with psychological and socio-economic dimensions. This critical study analyses Toni Morrison’s Sula and the figure of Qandeel Baloch and her sensational life as presented by Sanam Maher’s The Sensational Life and Death of Qandeel Baloch, from the perspective of Rene Girard’s theory of Violence and Scapegoat and Sigmund Freud’s concept of Trauma. This research aims to analyse the timeliness and continuing psychological trauma, abusive relationships, rejection, dependence, physical assault, discrimination, brutality, being the victim of a society and the threat of violence from the society. This research deals with the two different perspectives of societies: one is Afro-American and the other is Pakistani. According to Girard’s thought, mimesis is the main characteristic of humans but when it becomes rivalrous it creates conflict and violence between society and individuals. Girard thinks that antiquated religion was founded on the substituting victim and their main goal is to salvage the society from ever-spreading conflict and dissension by conducting violence into a scapegoat. Communal violence, in the form of scapegoating, destroys the subjectivity of the scapegoat or the victim. According to Sigmund Freud, a traumatic event or situation creates psychological trauma when it overwhelms the individual's ability to cope with traumatic events like war and scandals. The traumatic events leave the subject fearing death, annihilation, rejection, mutilation, or psychosis. Toni Morrison’s novel focuses on the psychological aspects of trauma in her work. The traumatic aspect meant to be an innovative experiment in which literature can exceed its precincts by merging into the psychological phenomena. The contradictions and tensions exhibited by Toni Morrison’s characters are the inevitable which is transforming the individuals into the ideal subjects for psychic profiles.Item The New Black Aesthetics in Toni Morrison’s Fiction(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Mariam Fatima; FA16-REL-004; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5166The present research study has been conducted on two novels The Bluest Eye (1970) and God Help the Child (2015) written by Toni Morrison to examine the black’s artistic practices, performances and representations in the American society. Textual analysis has been employed as a research method to interpret the primary texts with the help of extra-textual knowledge in order to locate the historical configuration of black aesthetics, black identities in the U.S, black culture, African-American motherhood, personality traits and Creolization. The selected texts are contextualized into P. C. Taylor’s Black is Beautiful and Morrison’s The Origin of Others but this study goes beyond the ideas propounded by these theorists. These secondary resources merely give the impression that ‘black is beautiful’ and they have their own culture, traditions and heritage to make them a powerful nation. However, this study reveals multiple perspectives in which blacks represent their authenticity in terms of physique, culture, traditions and politics. The term ‘black aesthetics’ is concerned with African-American’ ‘ways of doing and perceiving things’. The findings of this research project significantly steers that new black is all about building new practices and life-worlds out of Old World Order to reclaim their heritageItem Bride’s Quest for Identity in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child and Closeted Identities in Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Abu Bakar Ahmed; FA16-REL-003; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5165This research has been conducted on Bride’s character from Toni Morrison’s novel God Help the Child (2015) and closeted identities in Pakistan. Moreover, a comparison is established between Bride and closeted identities in Pakistan to show how it is impossible for the closeted person to come out of the closet and face the society. In this regard, Bride’s quest for identity being affected by the racism, motherhood and patriarchy is studied through textual analysis of the novel with the help of extra-textual knowledge of the theories related to closetedness, subjectivity, motherhood, racism, social mobility. In the first instant, God Help the Child gives an expression that it merely describes the racism and the child abuse in the society but this research reveals that it also advocates the problems which a child can face in the racist and the sexist society to be socially accepted and how closeted affects the society economically and psychologically. Moreover, this research also reveals that Pakistani homosexuals are suppressed by the religion, constitution and family in the country where a large number of Homosexual minority exist.Item Paradoxical Motherhood in ‘The Bluest Eye’ and ‘God Help the Child’(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Abdullah Ghulam Nabi; FA16-REL-006; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5167This research study has been conducted on the title ‘Paradoxes of Motherhood in The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child’. The aim of the researcher, to conduct this research study, was to investigate the paradoxical factors and their after effects that how these factors affect the lives of black mothers and restrain them from nurturing their children as normal human beings. One aim of the researcher was to get the comparison of the black mother of the modern era and postmodern era in order to understand that either there was any change in the condition of the black mother or not. In order to investigate all these factors, two novels of Toni Morrison, the black writer, The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child have been selected. The argument of this thesis is that the experience of motherhood, especially, mother-daughter relationship gets complicated due to external factors like: slavery, racism, economy, sexism and the single parent motherhood. Because of these factors, mothers displace violence on their children in the form of abuse, emotional neglect and lack of nurture. This research study has used the lenses of Black Feminist theorists like: Patricia Hill Collins, Nancy Chodorow, Andrea O’Reilly and Bell Hooks. Primary source of data were both the novels, The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child, and the secondary sources of this study were different thesis, books, articles, and interviews of Toni Morrison. Therefore, the nature of this research was qualitative. The research findings are that the there is no change in the condition of the black mother of old times and post-modern times. Black mother still has to endure all the problems by her own as she used to suffer from breast feeding to nurturance. Morrison exposes the failure of American dream for black people in these novels. Factors like colourism, sexism, racism, residential discrimination and economic marginalization still exist in American society. All these factors put the coloured people, including African American, at disadvantage making the realization of the American dream impossible for them.