Department of English
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Item Terrorism: A Critical Study of Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Tahoor Ali; FA16-REL-015; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5174This current study critically analyses Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire, from perspective of terrorism as cause of modern crises like migration, identity politics and bloodshed in the name if identity. This research aims to analyses post-nationalism, forced migration, change in Muslim identity on global level as resultants of terrorism. In modern times nationalism has become a flawed concept. The lack of belongingness of a person to any place is revealing the emptiness within himself. This shattering condition became more disastrous when World Trade Centre was attacked. The post 9/11 fiction is abundant with such examples where humanity is a victim to terrorism. A new suspicious identity was given to the followers of Islam. Being a Muslim s/he was blamed for terrorist attacks. The legacy of terrorism is haunting the new generation. The corporeal and monstrous transformations in the life of immigrants is demonstrated by most of the South Asian writers. Shamsie and Hamid have declared this alarming chaos through the mouth pieces of their characters. Isma’s interrogation, her brother’s assassination, Nadia and Saeed’s escape through magical doors, all incidents are depicting a graphical picture of the whole terrorized world. Qualitative method of research is used for analysis of both novels. Soren Frank, Hannah Arendt, Alex P. Schmid, Edward Said, Vamik D. Volkan’s Work is used as secondary resources in order to interpret primary texts. This dissertation also borrows insights of Michael Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jurgen Habermas and Sigmund Freud to meet research purposes of current thesisItem Exploring the Impact of Mobile Learning (Mlearning) on Vocabulary Acquisition(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Raheela Naz; FA16-REL-012; Dr. Aasia Nusrat; LHR TP 5172This study investigated the impact of an online mobile game Kahoot on English vocabulary acquisition of undergraduate students and establish how mobile game-based technology aids in improving the English vocabulary skills. An experimental design helped to determine the influence of the mobile game intervention on the learning process over the traditional paper-based English vocabulary acquisition method. Following a pre-test/post-test design, sixty undergraduate students from two classes randomly divided into a control and an experimental group participated in the present study. Each group contained 30 students who either used conventional paper-based methods or vocabulary learning mobile game over a period of six weeks. The findings of this study statistically analyzed via independent t-tests at the end of the experimental period indicated that students using the mobile game Kahoot had greater achievement in learning vocabulary than those using the traditional method in learning vocabulary. However, the results revealed no significant difference in vocabulary scores between male and female students who participated in traditional paper-based and mobile game-based learning methods. Thus, it would be essential to create awareness among the educators that the use of the new smart phone gaming technology is an effective tool for teaching and learning new vocabulary.Item Flouting of Gricean Maxims: An Analysis of Pakistani Comedy Talk Shows(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Ayesha Kinz ul Eman; FA16-REL-011; Dr. Aasia Nusrat; LHR TP 5171The study is carried out to investigate the phenomenon of flouting of Grice maxims in Urdu language with respect to Urdu comedy talk shows “Hasb-e-haal” and “Khabarnaak”. The reason why the researcher chooses this study because in the political talk shows flouting occurs when individual intentionally do not apply the maxims in order to persuade their listeners to derive the hidden meaning behind what is said, that is, the speakers employ implicature. The main purpose of this study is to find out how flouting create comedy and which is the frequently flouted maxim and reasons behind it. It is a qualitative study that focuses on flouting of maxim. The data of this research are interviews from only that part of the show in which current political issues have been discussed by the mimic artists of politicians and 40 instances from both the shows are selected. Based on the analysis, in results there are two points; first data analysis shows that every type of maxims is flouted by the participants in order to create comedy. Second, the most flouted maxim is manner maxim with 62.5% because participants using vague and ambiguous information which the implicature shows that interviewer and interviewee wants their audience to look for the hidden meaning.Item Hegalian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison’s Novel A Mercy(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Habib Ur Rehman; FA16-REL-009; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5170The present research has been conducted on “Hegelian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison Novel A Mercy”. In this study, the researcher aims to look at Hegel’s Master-Slave Dialectic and its application and manifestation in Toni Morrison’s novel A Mercy. The master and the slave come into contact In order to be recognized by each other driven by desire or begirede. The ultimate objective of the slave is to get independence with the agency of labor. The role of the slave is to provide productive things out of raw material to please his master. Through his constant labor and hard work the true potential of the slave reveals and he strives to be independent from the chains of slavery. However, when this Hegelian dialectic of master-slave is applied on the main protagonist Florens, it was exposed that Florens could not get self-consciousness or recognition from the symbolic masters rather the treatment she received from her masters shattered her identity and divided her soul. It was also revealed that scars and traumatic experience of racism, paternalism and ingrained slavery in the society impeded Florens to get freedom and self-consciousness. Her subjectivity was taken away and she reduced to mere an object. However, the blacksmith’s rejection paved the way for her to reflect on her life journey. At this juncture she realized the catastrophic ramifications of slavery and consequences to give her in the dominion of other.Item Construction of Pariah Figure: A Feminist Study of Toni Morrison’s Sula and Qandeel Baloch(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Zuha Khawar; FA16-REL-008; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5169Afro-American novels constitute social, cultural and economic aspects, which deal with the individuality and the social milieu. The novels deal with the exploitation of the black society, their self and identity with psychological and socio-economic dimensions. This critical study analyses Toni Morrison’s Sula and the figure of Qandeel Baloch and her sensational life as presented by Sanam Maher’s The Sensational Life and Death of Qandeel Baloch, from the perspective of Rene Girard’s theory of Violence and Scapegoat and Sigmund Freud’s concept of Trauma. This research aims to analyse the timeliness and continuing psychological trauma, abusive relationships, rejection, dependence, physical assault, discrimination, brutality, being the victim of a society and the threat of violence from the society. This research deals with the two different perspectives of societies: one is Afro-American and the other is Pakistani. According to Girard’s thought, mimesis is the main characteristic of humans but when it becomes rivalrous it creates conflict and violence between society and individuals. Girard thinks that antiquated religion was founded on the substituting victim and their main goal is to salvage the society from ever-spreading conflict and dissension by conducting violence into a scapegoat. Communal violence, in the form of scapegoating, destroys the subjectivity of the scapegoat or the victim. According to Sigmund Freud, a traumatic event or situation creates psychological trauma when it overwhelms the individual's ability to cope with traumatic events like war and scandals. The traumatic events leave the subject fearing death, annihilation, rejection, mutilation, or psychosis. Toni Morrison’s novel focuses on the psychological aspects of trauma in her work. The traumatic aspect meant to be an innovative experiment in which literature can exceed its precincts by merging into the psychological phenomena. The contradictions and tensions exhibited by Toni Morrison’s characters are the inevitable which is transforming the individuals into the ideal subjects for psychic profiles.Item The New Black Aesthetics in Toni Morrison’s Fiction(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Mariam Fatima; FA16-REL-004; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5166The present research study has been conducted on two novels The Bluest Eye (1970) and God Help the Child (2015) written by Toni Morrison to examine the black’s artistic practices, performances and representations in the American society. Textual analysis has been employed as a research method to interpret the primary texts with the help of extra-textual knowledge in order to locate the historical configuration of black aesthetics, black identities in the U.S, black culture, African-American motherhood, personality traits and Creolization. The selected texts are contextualized into P. C. Taylor’s Black is Beautiful and Morrison’s The Origin of Others but this study goes beyond the ideas propounded by these theorists. These secondary resources merely give the impression that ‘black is beautiful’ and they have their own culture, traditions and heritage to make them a powerful nation. However, this study reveals multiple perspectives in which blacks represent their authenticity in terms of physique, culture, traditions and politics. The term ‘black aesthetics’ is concerned with African-American’ ‘ways of doing and perceiving things’. The findings of this research project significantly steers that new black is all about building new practices and life-worlds out of Old World Order to reclaim their heritageItem Bride’s Quest for Identity in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child and Closeted Identities in Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Abu Bakar Ahmed; FA16-REL-003; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5165This research has been conducted on Bride’s character from Toni Morrison’s novel God Help the Child (2015) and closeted identities in Pakistan. Moreover, a comparison is established between Bride and closeted identities in Pakistan to show how it is impossible for the closeted person to come out of the closet and face the society. In this regard, Bride’s quest for identity being affected by the racism, motherhood and patriarchy is studied through textual analysis of the novel with the help of extra-textual knowledge of the theories related to closetedness, subjectivity, motherhood, racism, social mobility. In the first instant, God Help the Child gives an expression that it merely describes the racism and the child abuse in the society but this research reveals that it also advocates the problems which a child can face in the racist and the sexist society to be socially accepted and how closeted affects the society economically and psychologically. Moreover, this research also reveals that Pakistani homosexuals are suppressed by the religion, constitution and family in the country where a large number of Homosexual minority exist.Item Paradoxical Motherhood in ‘The Bluest Eye’ and ‘God Help the Child’(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Abdullah Ghulam Nabi; FA16-REL-006; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5167This research study has been conducted on the title ‘Paradoxes of Motherhood in The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child’. The aim of the researcher, to conduct this research study, was to investigate the paradoxical factors and their after effects that how these factors affect the lives of black mothers and restrain them from nurturing their children as normal human beings. One aim of the researcher was to get the comparison of the black mother of the modern era and postmodern era in order to understand that either there was any change in the condition of the black mother or not. In order to investigate all these factors, two novels of Toni Morrison, the black writer, The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child have been selected. The argument of this thesis is that the experience of motherhood, especially, mother-daughter relationship gets complicated due to external factors like: slavery, racism, economy, sexism and the single parent motherhood. Because of these factors, mothers displace violence on their children in the form of abuse, emotional neglect and lack of nurture. This research study has used the lenses of Black Feminist theorists like: Patricia Hill Collins, Nancy Chodorow, Andrea O’Reilly and Bell Hooks. Primary source of data were both the novels, The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child, and the secondary sources of this study were different thesis, books, articles, and interviews of Toni Morrison. Therefore, the nature of this research was qualitative. The research findings are that the there is no change in the condition of the black mother of old times and post-modern times. Black mother still has to endure all the problems by her own as she used to suffer from breast feeding to nurturance. Morrison exposes the failure of American dream for black people in these novels. Factors like colourism, sexism, racism, residential discrimination and economic marginalization still exist in American society. All these factors put the coloured people, including African American, at disadvantage making the realization of the American dream impossible for them.Item Critical Discourse Analysis of Tahir-ul-Qadri and Imran Khan’s Dharna 2014 Speeches: A Comparative Analysis(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Shaista Shahzadi; FA16-REL-001; Dr. AasiaNusrat; LHR TP 5318This study is done to explore the two-dimensional power play (Fairclough, 1989) in Dharna 2014 speeches of Imran khan and Tahir-ul-Qadri. Considering the two dimensions, power within discourse and power behind discourse, the research method applies thematic analysis and utilizes Fairclough’s three dimensional model (1989) as data analysing tool. All the speeches of Dharna 2014 which are available on the internet are analyzed by considering Textual, Discursive and Societal levels of discourse provided by Fairclough 3D Model. The findings established that discourses have the capacity to form and being formed by social practices.. The research would enable common public of Pakistan to understand their politicians in terms of the concept of power by comprehending the meaning that language conveys.Item Other Mother: A Critical Study of Toni Morrison’s Home(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Farwa Muneer; FA16-REL-002; Dr.JaleelAkhtar; LHR TP 5164Motherhood has been one of the prominent theme in literature, especially in Afro-American literature. The deconstruction of motherhood has become the intractable problem of twentieth century. Toni Morrison has used the image of another mother who is always there to cater a child when the real mother is missing. This dissertation analyzes the long-term effects of lack of parenthood on adults. Through the This story of two miserable siblings is universal, it is rather a story of every ignored child. Through the mouth piece of characters Morrison has thrown our attention on this sensitive issue. The effects of mismatched couple, slavery, lack of resources and displacement of feelings have always been prevalent in an African society. The mother of twentieth century is entirely different from the mothers of earlier age. The surrogates and other mothers have taken the charge over the irresponsible mothers. All the characters are there to mother Cee Frank, Sarah and Miss Ethel did it positively but Lenore and Dr. Beau even deconstructed the sacred image of a surrogate. The in depth textual analysis will reveal all the discrepancies and minutest details found within the text.