Department of English
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Item Meaning Potential in Semiotic Remediations: Understanding Comprehension Prospects Through Multimodal Discourse Analysis(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Hira Saleem Khan; SP16-REL-006; Dr. Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4841The digital era ascertain the emergence of multimodal studies that lend an immense potential to the viewers to generate synergistic meanings from multitude of semiotic resources infused together. By virtue of multimodal remediated texts, the meanings and comprehension process can rekindle the prior mental concepts into a new dimension owing to ensembles and visual affordance it employs. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the tendency of remediated text in multiplying the meanings and upgrading the understanding of an older text refashioned into a new medium. For this purpose, the study is designed in two phases. The first phase is a preliminary analysis of an adapted film Pride and Prejudice which is examined through metafunctional approach of multimodal discourse analysis while the second phase encompasses three participants to explore their comprehension process through qualitative methods i.e. verbal protocols (Concurrent and Retrospective) and Semi-Structured Interviews. The results imply that remediated text supplied a holistic perspective of an artifact and it added to the comprehensive meanings of the narrative. It was also found that multimodal text has enriched participants’ comprehension about the narrative as it reinforced their critical understanding of the contentItem Patterning through Linguistic Posterity: A Socio Cognitive Discourse Analysis of Bhutto’s Political Rhetoric(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Syeda Rida Zahara Naqvi; Sp16- MSENG-004; Dr. Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4846The present research study has been conducted on six political speeches of three political leaders of the same family namely Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto and scion of their legacy Bilawal Bhutto to examine how political leaders of same party have propagated their ideologies using linguistic strategies. It is imperative to investigate language as an instrument used by these politicians to persuade their public with assertion of power or power abuse. This study will also endeavour to explore rhetorical and ideological changes over the period of three generations. To investigate the discourse critically and to appraise the ideological foundation of political speeches socio-cognitive approach to CDA has been adopted to analyze and interpret the underlying ideological structure of discourse with reference to Van Dijk socio cognitive discourse theory (1993) and macro level structural arrangement, communicative situations and linguistic ideological structures like meaning, polarization, verbose style, emotive nuance, presuppositions and implication identification, and parallelism. The study revealed the ways in which political leaders exploit the power given by people and control the minds of people by manipulating discourse. The research finding guide that Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto delivered his speech as microcosm of the nation. No other leader of Pakistan had used such emotive and diplomatic discourse to persuade his nation. It was Bhutto’s rhetorical style which had made him alive in hearts of his followers. Benazir Bhutto the daughter of zulfiqar Ali Bhutto idealized her father and Bilawal Bhutto do not construct his identity completely subservient to Bhutto dynasty. Benazir criticizes Zia for her father’s hanging and Bilawal criticized Pervaiz Musharraf for her mother’s assassination. Finding revealed through discourse analysis that power validates and affirms itself in possible dimensions which continue fluctuating though in specific variety of orbits such as control, ideology, language, and society. Persuasion is just to gain power, to surpass, dominate, to prevail, and to stand out of all. They have confidently conveyed with them the insignia of their part at public stage. From structural, thematic, and discursive points political leaders have been found using persuasive devices.Item Demonization of Pakistan: Critical Discourse Analysis of Bollywood Anti-Pakistan Movies(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Marya Khalid; FA15-REL-001; Dr. Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4848The current study aims at finding out how India uses cinema to demonize Pakistan. The study exposes the Bollywood’s propaganda against Pakistan and explores that in what ways Bollywood movies portray Pakistan as the land of evils and terrorists. By the use of Critical Discourse Analysis as a research tool, a corpus of 3 Bollywood movies is analyzed which are produced after 26/11 Mumbai attack, 2008, namely, Agent Vinod (2012), Phantom (2015), and Baby (2015). All of the movies belong to ‘spy’ genre in which the heroic actions of RAW agents against Pakistan are represented. Fairclough’s three dimensional model has been used to explore the linguistic features, and discourse structures. Furthermore, it is researched what kind of discourses are embedded in the texts and what are the ideological, and power structures behind the discourses which are represented in the selected movies. On the level of textual analysis, we observe that ‘mental processes’, ‘statements (both declarative and interrogative)’, and ‘epistemic modality’ are highest in frequency i.e. 35%, 69%, and 94%. On the level of discursive and social practices, it is found that different vocabulary items are used to demonize Pakistan. We find different discourses i.e. discourse of terrorism, discourse of conflicts, and discourse of religion etc. which have been used to demonize Pakistan. It is suggested that film industry should discourage the production of such movies which ignite the hatred between the people of both the countries as it would be helpful in stabilizing Pak-India relations.Item Ideologies in Making: CDA of Emerging Narratives in the Background of CPEC(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Hamza Amin; SP16-REL-001; Dr. Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4850Language helps us to retain our culture and identity amongst the societies in the world. It gives us a unique and specific ideological platform on which people represent themselves. The basic aim of this research is to study the language used in articles written regarding an under-construction project named CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor) with financial aid of Chinese government in between Pakistan and China for economic and strategic purposes. The focus of this research remains on the development of different ideologies with regards to the CPEC project either in favour or in opposition to it. Sample for this research is collected from secondary sources, specifically from English language newspapers which are published daily in Pakistan. For this purpose, four articles were selected from two different English language newspapers and analyzed through CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis). Fairclough’s three-dimensional approach is being used to analyze the text. Micro and Macro levels of analysis were used- Micro level for textual analysis and Macro level to check its discourse, genre and style. CDA helps to reflect the relationship amongst the language and society. CDA evaluates its specific discourse, and relationship between text and context. It is found that regarding CPEC project two different, parallel ideologies are emerged within our society, in many of the newspapers and journals, critics and columnists have written in the favour of project. A few critics are trying to highlight the problems and hurdles coming with this long-term development project. Media is circulating multiple ideas side by side on national and global platforms. Media also highlighting both ideologies by mediatization and exaggeration of positive and negative elements. This research will lead a reader to understand and investigate the ideological concerns hidden behind the word-play.Item Exploring Alternative Method for Teaching English: Assessing the Effectiveness of Corpus Based Discourse Analysis(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Muhammad Kamran; FA14-MSENG-003; Dr .Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4797In this case study, English language teaching scenario in public sector Pakistani institutions at undergraduate level from grade 11 to 14 is evaluated. In this evaluation, the most preferred English language teaching method is brought to light and the problems in its use for language teaching at the levels mentioned above are explored. Moreover, the reasons for preferring it in spite of being aware of the problems in its use are evaluated. Above all, a better possible alternative method is introduced and its effectiveness is assessed by taking language teachers’ viewpoints. The paradigm of the study is qualitative and case study research design is used to work on the problem. Data is collected through interviewing the participants and through direct observation and multiple case study design is used. For observation, a time span of two weeks was spent in a college and for interviews 5 students and four teachers from different colleges were selected. Data is collected from students in order to know the most preferred English language teaching method and to observe the defects of using it; and to suggest an alternative teaching method i.e. Corpus Based Discourse Analysis (CBDA). Case study research design is preferred over experimental to understand the problem deeply and to suggest a better alternative teaching method as a solution to the problem. The collected data is interpreted by considering propositions of the study and discussing viewpoints related to the proposition in order to accept or modify the proposition. The results of the study show that GTM is the most favoured and preferred language teaching method in Pakistani public sector institutions and it has a negative impact on learners. Data also shows that teachers seem compelled to use it due to the structural differences in English and regional languages. The situation demands that a new alternative teaching method needs to be introduced to teachers in order to teach students effectively. The new method should be able to influence positively the written language skills of learners. It should also improve the learners’ knowledge of English language so that they can use syntactic constructions appropriately in a required situation to communicate their intended meanings successfully. Above all, it should have a positive impact on the students’ performance in their final term exams. The researcher of the study introduces corpus based discourse analysis for English language teaching and collects opinions of English language teachers to assesses its effectiveness if applied at intermediate and B.A or equivalent level. Teachers’ viewpoints are found very interesting when they are asked about the effectiveness of using corpus based discourse analysis at the levels mentioned. Teachers’ views suggest different ways of using the application to the students of different levels and disciplines. The application will have a positive impact on B.A students or students who have English as a major subject if corpus exploration focuses collocation, connotation, technical words, and semi-technical words. Whereas the application is suitable for intermediate students and the students of science discipline, if its exploration concentrates only the different functions of a linguistic expression or different meanings of a syntactic construction.