Department of English
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Item Dynamics of Power Relationship in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing and To Room Nineteen(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Samar Muhammad Ali; SP16-REL-009; SP16-REL-009; LHR TP 5175Doris Lessing contributes to the notion of power dynamics through self-representational social divisions and power-structures in her works. The aim of this study is to explore how Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing and To Room Nineteen portray the dynamics of power behind the social constructions of forces like patriarchy and social constraints. The study aims at finding out how structural power and resultant strategic action are related to each other and to outcomes of these from Lessing’s perspective. Identities are individual and collective that answer the question ‘who am/are/I/we?’ Hegemonic discourses of power and identity politics create invisible experiences of the more marginal members of that specific social category and construct a homogenized ‘right way’ to be its member. This is where the female protagonists of Lessing are Outsiders. The androcentric biased concept, ‘power-dependent’ or ‘power-independent’ complicates the positioning and placement of these women against social and personal domains. Because of the values and culture of male domination and of discrimination against women, women have been deprived of their subjective position. Fanatic patriarchal norms are regulated to suppress women’s exercise of power. The intersectional social divisions or the power structures influence an individual’s identity and control them. These power relations are based on control over authority, legitimacy, resistance, and power-dependency.Item Terrorism: A Critical Study of Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Tahoor Ali; FA16-REL-015; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5174This current study critically analyses Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire, from perspective of terrorism as cause of modern crises like migration, identity politics and bloodshed in the name if identity. This research aims to analyses post-nationalism, forced migration, change in Muslim identity on global level as resultants of terrorism. In modern times nationalism has become a flawed concept. The lack of belongingness of a person to any place is revealing the emptiness within himself. This shattering condition became more disastrous when World Trade Centre was attacked. The post 9/11 fiction is abundant with such examples where humanity is a victim to terrorism. A new suspicious identity was given to the followers of Islam. Being a Muslim s/he was blamed for terrorist attacks. The legacy of terrorism is haunting the new generation. The corporeal and monstrous transformations in the life of immigrants is demonstrated by most of the South Asian writers. Shamsie and Hamid have declared this alarming chaos through the mouth pieces of their characters. Isma’s interrogation, her brother’s assassination, Nadia and Saeed’s escape through magical doors, all incidents are depicting a graphical picture of the whole terrorized world. Qualitative method of research is used for analysis of both novels. Soren Frank, Hannah Arendt, Alex P. Schmid, Edward Said, Vamik D. Volkan’s Work is used as secondary resources in order to interpret primary texts. This dissertation also borrows insights of Michael Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jurgen Habermas and Sigmund Freud to meet research purposes of current thesisItem The Mediatised Identity of Pakistani Women: A Chronological Multimodal Discourse Analysis(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Maida Sarwar; Sp16- MSENG-003; Dr. Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad; LHR TP 4847The previous seemingly-feeble media which only mirrored the sociological and cultural activities is able to mould and bestow meaning to them in existing times. Thus conceiving a process known as mediatization. This marvel of mediatization leads to the transformation of stereotypical representation of Pakistani women into mediatised identities influencing the females to chase alternative identities. To carry out an investigation of how these identities are shaped through media and in what ways the females are enticed to pursue the alternative roles, is the key objective of this study. 18 Pakistani television advertisements, both time-worn and contemporary juxtaposed, which enact these multi-semiotic representations of women, are analysed and interpreted with regard to multimodal social semiotic approach devised by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). Interpretation of verbal semiotic resources aligned with visual ones i.e., representational, interactional and compositional indicate how these meaning-making resources produce and impact the socially-constructed identitiesItem Exploring the Impact of Mobile Learning (Mlearning) on Vocabulary Acquisition(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Raheela Naz; FA16-REL-012; Dr. Aasia Nusrat; LHR TP 5172This study investigated the impact of an online mobile game Kahoot on English vocabulary acquisition of undergraduate students and establish how mobile game-based technology aids in improving the English vocabulary skills. An experimental design helped to determine the influence of the mobile game intervention on the learning process over the traditional paper-based English vocabulary acquisition method. Following a pre-test/post-test design, sixty undergraduate students from two classes randomly divided into a control and an experimental group participated in the present study. Each group contained 30 students who either used conventional paper-based methods or vocabulary learning mobile game over a period of six weeks. The findings of this study statistically analyzed via independent t-tests at the end of the experimental period indicated that students using the mobile game Kahoot had greater achievement in learning vocabulary than those using the traditional method in learning vocabulary. However, the results revealed no significant difference in vocabulary scores between male and female students who participated in traditional paper-based and mobile game-based learning methods. Thus, it would be essential to create awareness among the educators that the use of the new smart phone gaming technology is an effective tool for teaching and learning new vocabulary.Item Flouting of Gricean Maxims: An Analysis of Pakistani Comedy Talk Shows(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Ayesha Kinz ul Eman; FA16-REL-011; Dr. Aasia Nusrat; LHR TP 5171The study is carried out to investigate the phenomenon of flouting of Grice maxims in Urdu language with respect to Urdu comedy talk shows “Hasb-e-haal” and “Khabarnaak”. The reason why the researcher chooses this study because in the political talk shows flouting occurs when individual intentionally do not apply the maxims in order to persuade their listeners to derive the hidden meaning behind what is said, that is, the speakers employ implicature. The main purpose of this study is to find out how flouting create comedy and which is the frequently flouted maxim and reasons behind it. It is a qualitative study that focuses on flouting of maxim. The data of this research are interviews from only that part of the show in which current political issues have been discussed by the mimic artists of politicians and 40 instances from both the shows are selected. Based on the analysis, in results there are two points; first data analysis shows that every type of maxims is flouted by the participants in order to create comedy. Second, the most flouted maxim is manner maxim with 62.5% because participants using vague and ambiguous information which the implicature shows that interviewer and interviewee wants their audience to look for the hidden meaning.Item The Determinants of Choice of Language Learning Strategies in an IT University of Pakistan(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Muhammad Azam; FA14-MSENG-002; Dr. Filza Waseem; LHR TP 4845The aim of this study is to investigate the use of language learning strategies by undergraduate students of an IT university of Pakistan. It focuses on the relationship between university students’ use of language learning strategies with their achievement in the English, different majors along with English, the type of school they got their last degree from, their background area, study hours after university and their attitude towards the target language. Two instruments were used for the purpose of data collection: The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) developed by Oxford (1990) and Aiken’s Attitude Scale (1979) adapted by Tunc (2003). The instruments were administered to 126 undergraduate students of four different departments of the university who were studying the same courses of English in their second semester along with different majors. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS program and descriptive statistics and frequencies, Coefficient Correlation and one-way ANOVA tests were carried out. The statistics suggest that Pakistani university students are moderate in the use of language learning strategies. The research participants report that they use compensation, cognitive and metacognitive and memory strategies of moderate frequency while social and affective strategies of low frequency. The study found a significant difference among the students of four different departments in the use of language learning strategies. The successful learners use affective strategies more often than any other strategy.Item Hegalian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison’s Novel A Mercy(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Habib Ur Rehman; FA16-REL-009; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5170The present research has been conducted on “Hegelian Master-Slave Dialectic and its Manifestation in Toni Morrison Novel A Mercy”. In this study, the researcher aims to look at Hegel’s Master-Slave Dialectic and its application and manifestation in Toni Morrison’s novel A Mercy. The master and the slave come into contact In order to be recognized by each other driven by desire or begirede. The ultimate objective of the slave is to get independence with the agency of labor. The role of the slave is to provide productive things out of raw material to please his master. Through his constant labor and hard work the true potential of the slave reveals and he strives to be independent from the chains of slavery. However, when this Hegelian dialectic of master-slave is applied on the main protagonist Florens, it was exposed that Florens could not get self-consciousness or recognition from the symbolic masters rather the treatment she received from her masters shattered her identity and divided her soul. It was also revealed that scars and traumatic experience of racism, paternalism and ingrained slavery in the society impeded Florens to get freedom and self-consciousness. Her subjectivity was taken away and she reduced to mere an object. However, the blacksmith’s rejection paved the way for her to reflect on her life journey. At this juncture she realized the catastrophic ramifications of slavery and consequences to give her in the dominion of other.Item Construction of Pariah Figure: A Feminist Study of Toni Morrison’s Sula and Qandeel Baloch(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Zuha Khawar; FA16-REL-008; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5169Afro-American novels constitute social, cultural and economic aspects, which deal with the individuality and the social milieu. The novels deal with the exploitation of the black society, their self and identity with psychological and socio-economic dimensions. This critical study analyses Toni Morrison’s Sula and the figure of Qandeel Baloch and her sensational life as presented by Sanam Maher’s The Sensational Life and Death of Qandeel Baloch, from the perspective of Rene Girard’s theory of Violence and Scapegoat and Sigmund Freud’s concept of Trauma. This research aims to analyse the timeliness and continuing psychological trauma, abusive relationships, rejection, dependence, physical assault, discrimination, brutality, being the victim of a society and the threat of violence from the society. This research deals with the two different perspectives of societies: one is Afro-American and the other is Pakistani. According to Girard’s thought, mimesis is the main characteristic of humans but when it becomes rivalrous it creates conflict and violence between society and individuals. Girard thinks that antiquated religion was founded on the substituting victim and their main goal is to salvage the society from ever-spreading conflict and dissension by conducting violence into a scapegoat. Communal violence, in the form of scapegoating, destroys the subjectivity of the scapegoat or the victim. According to Sigmund Freud, a traumatic event or situation creates psychological trauma when it overwhelms the individual's ability to cope with traumatic events like war and scandals. The traumatic events leave the subject fearing death, annihilation, rejection, mutilation, or psychosis. Toni Morrison’s novel focuses on the psychological aspects of trauma in her work. The traumatic aspect meant to be an innovative experiment in which literature can exceed its precincts by merging into the psychological phenomena. The contradictions and tensions exhibited by Toni Morrison’s characters are the inevitable which is transforming the individuals into the ideal subjects for psychic profiles.Item Freud’s Pleasure Principle in Philip Roth’s Trilogy; The Breast, The Professor of Desire, The Dying Animal(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) MOHIODIN FARHAN; SP17-REL-007; Dr. Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5321This research explores the patterns of pleasure principle as evident in Philip Roth’s trilogy, The Breast, The Professor of Desire, The Dying Animal. The question of libidinal desires and their fulfillment in the real world has remained a major pre-occupation with human beings from the beginning of this world. In this research, the researcher will highlight the Freud’s view that all of human actions in the world revolve around pleasure principle. The Ego provides a socially acceptable way of fulfilling the desires of Id. Textual analysis has been used as a research method to interpret and analyze the text with the help of extra-textual knowledge such as cross references, Freud’s theory of pleasure principle and secondary resources. The purpose of this research is to highlight the actions which are governed by pleasure principle and how Ego plays an important role in taming the untamed libidinal desires. Id wants the immediate gratification of its desires but Ego puts a check on Id’s demands and provides it a proper way to execute its tasks. Roth’s trilogy, The Breast, The Professor of Desire, The Dying Animal, deals with the protagonist’s divide between the demands of the Id and check put on them by the Ego. This research will also highlight the way in which the protagonist, Kepesh, maintains a balance between his libidinal desires and the societal expectations from him. The reason for conducting this research is that Freud’s pleasure principle with regard to Philip Roth’s work has often gone unnoticed. This research delves into this very aspect of Freud’s pleasure principle and how Kepesh maintains a balance between his desires and the expectations of society from himItem The New Black Aesthetics in Toni Morrison’s Fiction(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2018) Mariam Fatima; FA16-REL-004; Dr.Jaleel Akhtar; LHR TP 5166The present research study has been conducted on two novels The Bluest Eye (1970) and God Help the Child (2015) written by Toni Morrison to examine the black’s artistic practices, performances and representations in the American society. Textual analysis has been employed as a research method to interpret the primary texts with the help of extra-textual knowledge in order to locate the historical configuration of black aesthetics, black identities in the U.S, black culture, African-American motherhood, personality traits and Creolization. The selected texts are contextualized into P. C. Taylor’s Black is Beautiful and Morrison’s The Origin of Others but this study goes beyond the ideas propounded by these theorists. These secondary resources merely give the impression that ‘black is beautiful’ and they have their own culture, traditions and heritage to make them a powerful nation. However, this study reveals multiple perspectives in which blacks represent their authenticity in terms of physique, culture, traditions and politics. The term ‘black aesthetics’ is concerned with African-American’ ‘ways of doing and perceiving things’. The findings of this research project significantly steers that new black is all about building new practices and life-worlds out of Old World Order to reclaim their heritage