Department of Mathematics
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Item Degree Based Topological Co-Indices of Chemical Graphs(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Nazir Hussain; CIIT/SP20-RMT-021/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 7631Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis, we have evaluated some degree based topological co-indices, namely, the general Randic co-index for ∝= 1, −1, 1 2 , − 1 2 , the atom bond connectivity co- index, the geometric arithmetic co-index, the first and second Zagreb co-indices, the first and second Zagreb co-indices, the forgotten co-index, the hyper Zagreb co-index, the Balaban co-index, the first and second multiple Zagreb co-indices, the redefined first, second and third Zagreb co-indices for some chemical and lattices graphs like as line graph of Metal Organic Networks, Triangular Benzenoids Gn ⱯϵN, Zigzag edge cornoid fused with starphene zcs(k,l,m), Hony comb network (Hcn), Hydro chloroquine HCQ Conjugated Hydroxyethyl. My thesis comprising of eight chapters. In the first chapter we will define some fundamental definitions. In the 2nd chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for line graph of Metal Organic Networks. In the 3rd chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Triangular Benzenoids Gn ⱯϵN. In the 4th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Zigzag edge cornoid fused with starphene zcs(k,l,m). In the 5th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Hony comb network (Hcn). In the 6th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Hydro chloroquine HCQ Conjugated Hydroxyethyl. In the 7th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. In the last, we will present the references of our thesisItem Reverse Degree Based Topological Indices of Graph Products(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Inzimam Sajid; CIIT/SP20-RMT-035/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 7638Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis, we have evaluated some reverse degree based topological indices, namely, the reverse general Randic index for 𝛼 = 1, −1, 1 2 ,− 1 2 the reverse atom bond connectivity index, the reverse geometric arithmetic index, the reverse first and second Zagreb indices, the reverse first and second Zagreb co-indices, the reverse forgotten index, the reverse hyper Zagreb index, the reverse first and second multiple Zagreb indices, the reverse redefined first, second and third Zagreb indices for some reverse degree based topological indices for line graphs, Reverse Indices of various Products of graph. My thesis comprising of six chapters. In the first chapter we will define some fundamental definitions. In the 2nd chapter, we will find reverse degree based topological indices for various products of graphs. In the 3rd chapter, we will find reverse degree based topological indices for 𝐿(𝑀𝑂𝑁1(𝜒)). In the 4th chapter, reverse degree based topological indices for 𝐿(𝑀𝑂𝑁2(𝜒)). In the 5th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. In the 6th chapter, we will present the references of our thesis.Item On Physical Analysis of Topological Indices for Palladium Selenide Crystals(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-17) Muhammad Aleem; FA22-RMT-023; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9336The use of graph theory in many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic index, atom bond connectivity in dex, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, for gotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Palladium Selenide Crystals PdSe2. Further, we gave graphical representations of these in dices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure of Palladium Selenide Crystals PdSe2.Item On Topological Aspects of Molecular Graph of Iron Telluride(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-17) Hira Ahmed; FA22-RMT-025; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9337The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geomet ric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Iron Telluride Network FeTe2. Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Iron Telluride Network FeTe2. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corre sponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R 2 . Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Iron Telluride Network FeTe2.Item Exploring Topological Indices for Magnesium Nitrogen via Curve Fitting Model(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Nida Ahsan (FA23-RMT-046); Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9789The use of graph theory in many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic´ index, atom bond connectivity in- dex, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, for- gotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4. Afterward, we found the physical measures like the heat of formation of Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and the corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R2. Fur- ther, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4