Department of Mathematics
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Item To Optimize Selection of Charging Types for Electric Buses(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-17) Ali Awais; SP23-RMT-003; Dr. Sarfraz Ahmad; LHR TP 9570Outranking techniques are a class of decision-making methods that excel in providing well suited solutions based on the pairwise comparison of alternatives across multiple criteria. These methods are particularly useful in complex decision-making scenarios where exper imental data is limited, information is imprecise, and human evaluations are subjective. In real-world applications, decisions often involve uncertainty and ambiguity, which tradi tional decision-making models struggle to handle. To address these challenges, spherical fuzzy sets have emerged as a powerful tool, offering a richer structure to capture the full spectrum of human opinions, including satisfaction, dissatisfaction, neutrality, and absti nence. This research presents a series of outranking methodologies within the spherical fuzzy model to address multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems more effec tively. Specifically, two significant variants of the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) family—Spherical Fuzzy PROMETHEE I and Spherical Fuzzy PROMETHEE II—are proposed and applied to the selection of an optimal charging type for electric buses. The PROMETHEE methods, enhanced by spher ical fuzzy sets, are particularly well-suited for dealing with uncertainty and imprecision in human judgments. The case study focuses on the charging infrastructure for electric buses, a critical aspect of the growing adoption of electric transportation. Different charging alternatives are eval uated based on multiple criteria, including cost-effectiveness, charging time, energy ef ficiency, and scalability of infrastructure. By using spherical fuzzy numbers, this study captures the imprecision and subjective nature of expert evaluations, providing a more ro bust and flexible decision-making framework. The results demonstrate how the Spherical Fuzzy PROMETHEE methods can effectively rank alternatives, helping decision-makers identify the most suitable charging type under uncertain and ambiguous conditions. This research contributes to the field of multi-criteria decision-making by introducing spher ical fuzzy PROMETHEE methods as an effective tool for addressing real-world decision problems where human judgment and imprecision play a significant role. The findings ix have important implications for both the electric transportation sector and broader appli cations in energy management, supply chain optimization, and other domains requiring robust decision support systems