M.Phil / MS

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/48

This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

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DETERMINENTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION Case of Pakistani Government Owned and Private Firms
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamaabad Lahore Campus, 2007) Ayesha Mazhar; FA05-RMS-008; Dr. Muhammad Nasir; LHR TP 4792
Capital structure decisions are among the most important and crucial decisions for any business because of their effect on value and cost of the company. The objective of every company is to maximize its value with the minimum costs, and that is possible only when a company makes a judicious mixture of debt and equity. For that reason, any company has to consider the important factors of capital structure decision which helps in determining how much leverage a company should employ. In this dissertation we have discussed the determinants of capital structure of Pakistani firms and divided our sample in to two sub-samples of private and government owned companies in order to make comparison between two sectors. In this regard we selected a sample of 91 Pakistani companies out of which 80 companies are private and 11 are government owned. We collected data of those firms during the period of 1999 – 2006. We used Tangibility, Size, Growth rate, Tax Provision, ROA and Profitability as independent variables and Leverage as our dependent variable. For analysis purpose we have used descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation and Regression analysis. The results show that Tangibility, Size, Profitability and ROA have negative relationship with Leverage where Tax provision and Growth rate has positive relation with leverage. There seems to be a positive coefficient of tax rate of Tax provision, Growth rate, and negative coefficient for ROA in private companies and government owned companies. On the other hand, in government owned companies Tangibility is positively correlated with debt, where in private companies it is negatively correlated. Size is positively correlated with debt in private companies and negatively correlated in government owned companies. Similarly in government owned companies Profitability is positively correlated and conversely in private companies it is negatively correlated. This may imply that government owned and private companies of Pakistan use different patterns of financing, and that government owned companies employ more leverage than private companies.
DETERMINENTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION Case of Pakistani Government Owned and Private Firms
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2007) Ayesha Mazhar; FA05-RMS-008; Dr. Muhammad Nasr
Capital structure decisions are among the most important and crucial decisions for any business because of their effect on value and cost of the company. The objective of every company is to maximize its value with the minimum costs, and that is possible only when a company makes a judicious mixture of debt and equity. For that reason, any company has to consider the important factors of capital structure decision which helps in determining how much leverage a company should employ. In this dissertation we have discussed the determinants of capital structure of Pakistani firms and divided our sample in to two sub-samples of private and government owned companies in order to make comparison between two sectors. In this regard we selected a sample of 91 Pakistani companies out of which 80 companies are private and 11 are government owned. We collected data of those firms during the period of 1999 – 2006. We used Tangibility, Size, Growth rate, Tax Provision, ROA and Profitability as independent variables and Leverage as our dependent variable. For analysis purpose we have used descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation and Regression analysis. The results show that Tangibility, Size, Profitability and ROA have negative relationship with Leverage where Tax provision and Growth rate has positive relation with leverage. There seems to be a positive coefficient of tax rate of Tax provision, Growth rate, and negative coefficient for ROA in private companies and government owned companies. On the other hand, in government owned companies Tangibility is positively correlated with debt, where in private companies it is negatively correlated. Size is positively correlated with debt in private companies and negatively correlated in government owned companies. Similarly in government owned companies Profitability is positively correlated and conversely in private companies it is negatively correlated. This may imply that government owned and private companies of Pakistan use different patterns of financing, and that government owned companies employ more leverage than private companies
Efficiency Of Mutual Funds In Pakistan
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2012-01-30) Amer Sohail; FA09-MSMS-003; LHR TP 4432
Efficiency Of Mutual Funds In Pakistan
DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE EXPOSURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2012-02-02) MEHNOOR IFTIKHAR; MSMS-FA10-09; Assitant Prof. Dr. Waqar Akram; LHR TP 4425
The study investigates foreign exchange rate exposure of 59 non financial firms listed in Karachi stock exchange (KSE). The time period of the study is 2006- 2010 and three industries have been included. The foreign exchange rate exposure of firms has been measured by multi currency rate model the exchange rates includes rupees to US dollar, Rupees to yen, rupees to UK pound and rupees to Euro . Firms found positively exposed to US dollar and negatively exposed to Euro. Different time horizon such as weekly, monthly and quarterly is used in linear and non linear model. Further in the study important determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure have been identified such as Export ratio, firm’s size, Growth opportunity, Leverage, Liquidity, firms’ age, competitiveness and industry effect. The research reveals that firm’s exposure to foreign exchange rate significantly increased as time horizon increases. Euro resulted to be most important exchange rate and more negatively exposed to foreign risk. As far as determinants have been concerned export ratio is positive and significantly related to foreign exposure and growth found to be least important in providing impact on foreign exchange rate exposure. The firm’s size showed mix and significant relationship with exposure
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Team Efficacy: An Empirical Study in Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2013) Asma Altaf; FA10-MSMS-003; LHR TP 4389
The criterion of success has been shifted from ―how hard organizations work‖ to ―how innovatively organizations work to be succeeded‖. In this current era, innovation has considered the lifeblood of competitive organizations. Employees have well thought-out to be the most valuable asset of organization. In order to profitably exploit that talent their commitment intensity should be increased; and leadership style has one of the most important determinants that have an effect on commitment of personnel. The current study intended to explore the correlation between transformational leadership and team efficacy. The second required rationale incorporated in the scope of this study has to figure out that how employee commitment mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and team efficacy. The nature of this study required probability sampling in which Stratified Random Sampling was employed. The research was carried out on selected sample of 65 teams functioning in the Telecommunication Sector of Lahore (Pakistan). A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, containing 20 items, divided into three components has been developed to measure the responses of the employees. Overall, 350 questionnaires were disseminated, out of which 325 returned back were indicating response rate of 91%. SPSS was used for analyzing data. Results of the study depicted that a significant and positive relationship exists between transformational leadership and team efficacy. Results also revealed that transformational leadership is a strong dimension of employee commitment. Furthermore, the current study suggested that organizations ought to exercise transformational leadership style in order to enhance the effectiveness of teams working in Telecom Sector and provides realistic implications for researchers interested in investigation the team efficacy with regard to transformational leadership in broader contex
Impact Of Debt And Diversification Of Earnings Man…
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-01-30) Shumaila Asghar; FA11-MSPM-009; LHR TP 4416; Dr.Talat Afza
Impact Of Debt And Diversification Of , Man…
Impact of Team Member Resources and Team Structure on Emergency Response Performance: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-01-30) Faheem Ather Haqqani; FA10-MSMS-006; Prof. Dr. Hafiz Zahid Mahmood; LHR TP 4387
The role of emergency response is vital for any nation due to their sensitive nature of work. These teams are supposed to help the needy persons who trapped in any accidental or medical emergency. This study has been devised to investigate various factors affecting performance of emergency response rescue teams. Amongs the pyramids of a few 8 elements were selected including team structure (leadership, role clarity, norms, age) and team member resources (personality, training), critical incident stressors, and chronic stressors. The Impact of critical incident stressors and chronic stressors were also investigated as moderator between the link of independent variables and dependent variable. For empirical evidence data was collected from Rescue 1122, an emergency response organization working in 36 districts of Punjab province, in Pakistan. Three cities Fasialabad, Sargodha and Khushab were selected by employing Stratified Sampling Techniques based on common characteristics. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from rescue workers. Various data analytical tools including descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) carries out as data analytical tool for data reduction. Afterword, regression analysis using Preacher & Hayes regression method of moderation was employed. Moreover, one way ANOVA test and Post hoc test were also conducted to judge the city wise comparisons of performances. The results of these analyses proved that there was significant and positive relationship between emergency response performance and leadership, role clarity, norms, age, personality. Critical incident stressors and chronic stressors had significant but negative relationship, as independent variable, with emergency performance. But no relationship was found when these 2 factors were investigated as moderators. Moreover, no relationship was found between training and emergency performance. Therefore, it is concluded that Performance of the rescue workers can improve with the improvements in factors of team member resources & team structures, and by reducing the critical and chronic stresses.
Personality Development and Career Progression of Madrassa Protégé within Provincial Capital of Punjab, Pakistan
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-02) Arsala Marium Khan; FA11-MSMS-006; Dr. Imran Haider Naqvi; LHR TP 4417
Madrassas have large number of students and take up practices of personality development and career progression. Career Progression solely treated as a business terminology has failed to address this sector of society with huge HRD potential. This study intended to fill the gap by researching the role of Madrassa and its teachers in helping the students in personality development and achieve their career aspirations. The Madrassas of four major sects of Muslims in the provincial capital, Lahore were surveyed i.e. Deobandi, Shia, Barelvi and Ahl-e-Hadees. The study has evaluated how protégés within a madrassa learn and work up on the concept of IWE to build a significant and productive career. Based on the concepts of OST as metaphor of biased treatment and symbol of stressor and suppression the study sought to examine the impact on PD as well as CP of the protégés. The study further analyzed that how inclusion of GEE helped protégés in better careers. The nature of this study required probability sampling in which Stratified Random Sampling was employed. The research was carried out on selected sample of 280 madrassa protégés within Lahore (Pakistan). A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, containing 103 items has been developed to measure the responses of the protégés. Overall, 280 questionnaires were disseminated, out of which 269 returned back were indicating response rate of 96%. SPSS and Amos were used for analyzing data. Results of the study depicted that a significant positive relationships exist between Ostracism, General Education, Personality Development and Career Progression. Results also revealed that Loyalty with Country is a strong dimension of Personality Development.
Job Insecurity and Counterproductive Behavior of Call Centers: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment and Moderating Role of Supervisor Support
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-02) Sundus Iqbal; FA13-MSPM-011; LHR TP 6830; Dr. Rafi Amir-ud-Din
Though one can find various studies that have been driven on different aspects of job satisfaction and job insecurity in Pakistan however, call center is flourishing industry of the country that has long way to go in future. It has been observed that job insecurity due to different aspects results in counterproductive work behavior. Our studies can help identify how supervisor support plays a moderating role and effective commitment can play a mediating role in dealing with job insecurity and CWB of employees of telecom call center industry in Pakistan.
The Effects of Perceptions of Organizational Politics (POP) on Employee Attitudes and Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence.
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-02) Muhammad Kashif Luqman; FA11-MSMS-041; Dr. Faisal Tehseen Shah; LHR TP 4420
The current study is an inquiry into perceptions of telecom sector employee of Pakistan towards organizational politics and its impact on their attitudes and behaviors. The effects of three dimensions of Perceived Organizational Politics (POP), named as General Political Behavior (GPB), Go Along to Get Ahead (GAGA) and Pay and Promotion Policies (PPP), on attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of employees was assessed in detail. The moderating role of Emotional Intelligence will be evaluated in afore-mentioned relationship. A well-structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from 190 employees of five large multi-nationals currently operating in Pakistan. Several statistical tools such as one-way ANOVA, Hierarchical Moderated Regression, Correlations, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Graphical presentation of Interaction terms and simple slope tests were performed to analyze the data. The moderating role of Emotional Intelligence is proved between two of the POP dimensions (GPB and GAGA). The study findings also provide detailed understanding regarding distinguishing roles of three dimensions of organizational politics on employee attitudes and behaviors. The study provides clear guidelines for policy makers in telecom sector to devise such policies that may curb the negative impacts of politics and provide emotional training to employees in this regard. The study has also identified its limitations and prospects for future researchers are also discussed at length.
Dr. Abdus Sattar Abbasi
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Tariq Hameed Alvi; FA10-MSMS-022; LHR TP 4441
Purpose – The basic purpose of the study is to understand the ethical judgment, moral identity, love of money, spirituality, and religiosity as predictors of ethical intention and to investigate how ethical work climate moderates these relationships. Rationale – Ethical decision making literature doesn’t shed much light on love of money, religiosity, and spirituality impact on ethical intention especially under configurations of ethical work climate. Design/methodology/approach – A significant literature gap was identified through a de-tailed literature review. Mail survey was employed to solicit responses from members of Marketing Association of Pakistan (MAP), Lahore chapter. Findings – Pearson correlation results showed that: ethical judgment is highly significant-ly correlated with ethical intention; love of money (LoM) has significant negative corre-lation with ethical intention; religiosity, spirituality, and moral identity are positively re-lated to ethical intention but this correlation is not significant. Pair wise simple regression largely confirmed the correlation results in that ethical judg-ment was highly significant positive predictor of ethical intention; LoM negative but sig-nificant predictor of ethical intention; spirituality was a positive marginally significant predictor of ethical intention; and religiosity and moral identity, though having positive relationship, were not found to be significant predictors of ethical intention. In pair wise hierarchal regression, the only significant predictors of ethical intention were ethical judgment and love of money (positive and negative predictor respectively); in-strumental work climate was a significant negative predictor of ethical intention in all iterations of hierarchal regression and caring work climate moderates the religiosity-ethical intention link. There also have been supplementary findings that instrumental and caring work climate deters ethical intention though former being more detrimental that later. Implications – Our study has important practical implications especially configuring ethi-cal work climate in a way so as to foster ethical decision. The study also had important research implications. Originality/value – Very few studies have tested the relationship between moral identity, love of money, spirituality, and religiosity on ethical intention
DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE EXPOSURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) MEHNOOR IFTIKHAR; FA10-MSMS-009; LHR TP 4425; Prof. Dr. Waqar Akram
The study investigates foreign exchange rate exposure of 59 non financial firms listed in Karachi stock exchange (KSE). The time period of the study is 2006- 2010 and three industries have been included. The foreign exchange rate exposure of firms has been measured by multi currency rate model the exchange rates includes rupees to US dollar, Rupees to yen, rupees to UK pound and rupees to Euro . Firms found positively exposed to US dollar and negatively exposed to Euro. Different time horizon such as weekly, monthly and quarterly is used in linear and non linear model. Further in the study important determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure have been identified such as Export ratio, firm’s size, Growth opportunity, Leverage, Liquidity, firms’ age, competitiveness and industry effect. The research reveals that firm’s exposure to foreign exchange rate significantly increased as time horizon increases. Euro resulted to be most important exchange rate and more negatively exposed to foreign risk. As far as determinants have been concerned export ratio is positive and significantly related to foreign exposure and growth found to be least important in providing impact on foreign exchange rate exposure. The firm’s size showed mix and significant relationship with exposure.
Quality of Work Life (QWL): Impact on Employees’ Satisfaction, Involvement, Commitment and Retention
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Summia Saleem; FA11-MSMS-035; LHR TP 4388; Dr. Tajammal Hussain
The employees’ satisfaction, involvement, commitment and retention are considered as the critical factors to determine the success or failure of the Quality of Work Life programs. For the determination of employees’ satisfaction, involvement, commitment and retention, the Quality of Work Life practices are under study. The problem statement of the research study was established as about exploring the level of Quality of Work Life at the workplace in Software Houses and to see its effect on human capital’s job satisfaction, involvement, commitment and retention of Software Developers. To address the main problem statement for the Software-houses of Pakistan, the research three research questions are planned. Firstly the research activity has the hypothetical and realistic knowledge about the concepts, principles, practices and issues in the implementation of Quality of Work Life in the context of organization. The research study also discussed the management approaches to develop the research structure in the software-houses of Pakistan. Secondly, the research study also discussed the empirical interrelationships of the Quality of Work Life practices in the software-houses of Pakistan. Thirdly, the research activity was to identification of relationship of Quality of Work Life techniques. In addressing the research issue 1, the findings showed that the moderate level of Quality of Work Life techniques is implemented in the software-houses of Pakistan. The Quality of Work Life techniques are receiving significant response by the software-developers in the software-houses of Pakistan. In addressing the research issue 2, the findings shows that the Quality of Work Life techniques has positive effect on the employees’ job satisfaction, employees’ job involvement, employees’ job commitment and job retention. It also addressed that the improvement in the Quality of Work Life techniques improves the level of employees’ job satisfaction, employees’ job involvement, employees’ job commitment and employees’ job retention. The study concluded that the results show by improving working environment and organizational culture, employee relation and cooperation, employees training and developmental opportunities, rewards and compensation, adequacy of resources and facilities, employee job security, employee empowerment and flexible working hours software-houses of Pakistan are able to improve employees’ job satisfaction, employees’ job involvement, employees’ job commitment which ultimately improves employees’ job retention.
Determinants of Corporate Investment in Pakistan: Analysis of Firm Level Data
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Kashif Naeem; FA10-MSMS-018; Dr. Abdul Haque; LHR TP 4447
The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze different determinants of corporate investment in Pakistan. Researchers are muddled in finding the exact determinants of corporate investment and contrasting results have been reported in literature. This study provides a comprehensive and an in-depth analysis of the impact of certain variables such as cash flows, leverage, corporate income tax, firms’ age, growth opportunities (Tobin’s q), firms’ size, stock mispricing, dividend payouts and stock returns. Fixed effect model has been employed on a panel of 414 non – financial firms listed in Karachi stock exchange (KSE) during 1998 – 2011. The main findings of the study assert that increased leverage, corporate income tax, firm age and dividends are significantly (p<0.05) and inversely associated with corporate investment. Cash flow, firm size Tobin’s q, mispricing (overvaluation) and stock returns are observed as positive predictors of corporate investment.
Antecedents and Consequences of Project Changes: An Empirical Study on Construction Projects of Punjab-Pakistan
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Rashid Maqbool; FA11-MSPM-029; Dr. Yahya Rashid; LHR TP 4446
The objective of the present study was to explore the causes of the project changes in construction Projects of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The effects of the project changes on the construction projects were also measured. Moreover, a set of change controls were identified for minimizing the intensity of negative effects of project changes. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data from construction industry located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Linear Regression and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were applied as statistical techniques to analyze the data and to draw the inference. It was found that client associated project changes were most critical in the construction projects and their intensity was more than other change factors, whereas the cost associated effects were the most common results of the construction project changes. It was also found that project changes did not have significant relation with reputation associated effects. Moreover the “Freezing design” and “Clarify change order procedures” were found to be the most important change control methods to minimize the severity of the project variations. The study is expected to provide significant insights to the project managers so that they can formulate the strategies to address the change and its effects in construction projects
Impact of Task and Contextual Performance Behaviors on Project Success: An Empirical Study on Mass House Building Projects of Punjab- Pakistan.
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Muhammad Ahsan Chughtai; FA11-MSPM-010; LHR TP 4457
Improved methods of (HRM) through the use of performance indicators which are recognized as the most important elements of competitiveness and improving the organization (Villa, 1992). Now a days in HRM, the development and identification of suitable indicators is widely seen as the only viable option for the evaluation criteria against which the performance management enabled can be maintained and confirmed (Conway, Managerial performance development constructs and personality correlates, 2000); (Abraham, Karns, Shaw, & Mena, 2001); (Ford, 2004). Therefore, in project-based organization such as construction, performance is a measurement as a possible option for growth in the superior performance level of project manager’s (Cheng, Dainty, & Moore, 2005). To this end, the current understanding is practicing an appropriate model represent a potentially viable option for the development of relevant indicators to develop the right professional development of PM (Dainty, Cheng, & Moore, Competency-based model for predicting construction project managers’ performance, 2005); (Cheng, Dainty, & Moore, 2005); (ARJ Dainty, A competency‐based performance model for construction project managers, 2004)
Impact of Leverage, Dividend Payouts and Ownership Concentration on Firm Value Creation in Presence and Absence of Growth Opportunities
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-03) Marriam Rao; FA11-MSMS-037; Prof. Dr. Ahmad Kaleem; LHR TP 4444
This study examines the impact of firm’s financial decisions i.e. leverage, dividend payouts and corporate ownership concentration on firm market value, while dependent on absence or presence of growth opportunities. Ownership concentration is analyzed to be an important determinant of shareholder’s wealth under agency cost of theory. Theoretical background supports a dual impact of leverage, dividend payout and ownership concentration on firm value based on availability and non-availability of growth opportunities. The study would benefit firms to build optimal financial policy based on tradeoff between underinvestment and overinvestment costs under firm value maximization goal in Pakistan. A sample of 164 non-financial firms listed on Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan for the period of 2004 to 2011 is studied. Using Panel data methodology, Generalized system of Estimating Equations is attempted to be applied for results demonstrating dual impact of leverage, cash dividends and ownership concentration in presence and absence of growth opportunities. Leverage indicates a negative relationship in presence of growth opportunities while sign turn to be positive in absence of growth opportunities. Furthermore, leverage effect is checked based on subdivision with short term debt and long term debt. Cash dividends and bonus shares are found to have uncertain relation in presence of growth opportunities and positive relation in absence of growth opportunities. The results also demonstrate corporate ownership concentration relevancy in alteration of firm financial decision policies indicating presence of agency costs in Pakistan.
Effect of Big Five Personality Model on Employees’ Job Performance Considering the Mediating Role of Employees’ Behavior & Attitudes: A Study on the Banking Sector of Pakistan
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2013-02-04) Iqra Abdullah; FA11-MSMS-016; Dr. Yahya Rashid; LHR TP 4392
Intensive competition among the banks of Pakistan, have highlighted a need to pay close attention to the job performance of employees. After globalization and privatization phase, culture of the banks has been transformed into performance based culture. Now the major challenge for the banks’ management is to hire the employees who can perform at their full potential and to maximize the performance of existing employees. Unstructured interviews from recruiters of banks indicated that there are very few questions, asked about the personality traits of the candidate. But previous studies on the personality show that there are number of different employees’ behavior and attitudes that can be predicted through the personality analysis. So to highlight the importance of personality evaluation during recruitment process, this study has investigated the direct impact of personality traits on the job performance of employees. But the next question is that how to measure the personality of an employee accurately. So through the intensive review of literature, Big Five Personality model is discovered that is comprised of five personality traits that are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience. Two categories of job performance are considered in this study i.e. task and contextual performance. Further the role of innovative behavior and three components of organizational commitment that are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment; is discussed in the relation of personality and performance. The importance of innovative behavior of workforce in highly competitive industries cannot be denied. Moreover it is found in the literature that committed workforce of an organization can take it on the peak of its success so realizing the importance of innovative behavior and organizational commitment, the role of these both variables are studied. To investigate and confirm the relations among the above discussed variables, questionnaires were distributed in approximately 700 banking sector employees, belong from the Public, Private, Islamic and Foreign bank branches of different regions of Pakistan. 384 completed and accurate questionnaires were got back from the ten different cities of Pakistan. Data analysis of these responses show that banking sector employees think that their performance is better in the assigned task as compare to the extra role duties. Moreover high innovative behavior is found in the employees and in the commitment constructs, employees are x found more affectively committed as compare to continuance and normative commitment. The relationship analysis show that personality traits can significantly predict both of the job performance constructs that are task and contextual performance.
Determinants Of Takaful And Conventional Insuranc
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2014) Saad Ullah Khan; FA12-MSMS-016; Dr. Waheed Akther; LHR TP 4719
The study focuses on investing the various determinants that are affecting demand for the Takāful and Conventional insurance in selected Asian countries. Through extensive literature review of articles and reports of international bodies like World Bank, SECP, Swiss-Re on Takāful and conventional Insurance, this research has identified three macroeconomic variables (Per capita Income, Inflation and Saving rate) and four demographic variables (dependency ratio, Life expectancy, Urbanization and Education) as key determinants that are affecting Takāful and Conventional insurance demand. We selected 14 Asian countries in which both Takāful and Conventional insurance companies are operating for the time period of 2005-2012 resulting 112 annual observations of panel data. We applied descriptive statistics firstly and then Hausman specification test (1978) for the selection of fixed and random affect regression models for panel data analysis. Urbanization and education were found to be significant demographic variables affecting demand for both Conventional insurance and Takāful. Whereas per capita income and inflation were found to be the significant macroeconomic variables affecting both Takāful and Conventional insurance demand. It was recommended that both Conventional insurance and especially the Takāful operators should focus on creating awareness among general public as evident from the Education and Per capita income results. As inflation was found to be affecting significantly so Takāful and Conventional insurance operators need to focus on providing micro-Takāful and insurance products for small and medium enterprises. There is dire need to extend the distribution channels for both Takāful and Conventional insurance to provide easy to access products and disseminate quick and relevant information through the electronic media.
Factors Affecting Contractor Attitudes And…
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2014) Fatima Aqeel (SP14-MSPM-13); Dr. Muhammad Khan; LHR TP 5267
Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan; it is making its way up as indicated by the development initiatives taken for the city, infrastructure development and the provision of the basic facilities to the residents. The provincial budget of Punjab for the fiscal year 2014-2015 out-lay by provincial government is PKR1033.70 billion. PKR345 billion was allocated for Annual Development Program (ADP) in the budget, of which 40% is reserved for the utilization in Lahore for the various ongoing and several new development projects.(Directorate General Monitoring and Evaluation, Government of Punjab). With the numerous ongoing construction activities in Lahore, a large amount of construction waste is generated which aroused growing public concern. Human factors affect the construction and demolition waste management. Attitude and behaviour of contractor directly influences the practices for managing waste during construction and demolition. Factors affecting contractors‟ attitudes and behaviours are critical in understanding how to resolve issues surrounding construction waste management practices in Pakistan. To achieve the objectives of the study contractors operationalizing in Punjab will be selected through random sampling technique. List of the privately registered contractors under different categories in Lahore, Punjab will be taken from authorized body, Pakistan Engineering Council updated on the authorized website of Contractors Association of Pakistan and divided into three groups according to tendering capacity and minimum personnel resources.200 contractors will be the targeted for conducting survey. A structured questionnaire survey will be implemented from Begum et al., 2009. Through logistic regression analysis, the relationship between various factors affecting contractor attitudes and behaviours regarding waste management will be assessed. This study will utilize the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software to analyse data.