M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/60
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item Development of Manganese based Flexible Electrodes for Zinc-Ion Battery Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Sajjad; CIIT/SP19-RPH-017/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Aamir Razaq; LHR TP 7258In recent years, flexible and electrically rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have received considerable attention due to their low cost, lightweight nature, and high energy density. This concern is encouraging stunning research on flexible rechargeable zinc batteries. Due to the high energy density of zinc-ion batteries, researchers have tried to improve the mechanism behind a zinc electrode(anode: a separator and electrolyte, which can be used to make a battery that will charge the battery and the electrolyte that will charge the battery). Manganese based materials have gained attention due to their abundance, long life cycle, low cost, and high energy density. MnO2 nanorods can create flexible electrodes for applications in batteries. The preparation of progressive bifunctional electrocatalysts based on textile fiber to produce solid-state zinc-ion batteries will meet the future demands of flexible devices, including those that are already in use in the United States and other countries.Item Metallic Layers on Graphene based Paper Electrodes for Better Energy Storage Characteristics(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Iqra Manzoor; CIIT/SP19-RPH-030/LHR; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 7254This research aspires to have an unconventional and alternative source for flexible and bendable energy storage devices that have proved very useful to meet the demand of today’s energy crises. It is very interesting to use natural self-growing plant’s lignocellulose that are very abundant on earth and convert them in the form of paper-based electrodes. Fibers from Monochorea Vaginalis plant were taken and then dried, which were then treated in a solution to make flexible and smooth sheet. Scanning electron microscopy results presents the information about the surface morphology of naked sample, coated sample as well as composite with LC fibers. Addition of LC fiber makes the working electrode flexible, low cost and environmentally friendly for flexible energy storage applications. Poor conductivity of LC/graphene oxide based flexible sheets were addresses by the electrodeposition of metallic nanoparticles (i.e., Ni) on fabricated sheets (LC/graphene oxide). Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed. These fabricated composites can be used further as flexible electrodes in energy storage applications because of enhanced electrochemical properties.Item Deep Learning Model for Identifying Organ at Risk Toxicity in Thorax Carcinomas Caused by Radiation Therapy(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Mutayyab Ilyas; SP19-RPH-012; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 7253To assist doctors in making individualized treatment decisions, a machine learning algorithm that can accurately predict toxicity could be used. Patients undergoing thoracic radiation treatment often have organ at risk (OAR) toxicity, which may have a major effect on their health. The use of radiation therapy to treat thorax cancer has been shown to be beneficial. Toxins associated with treatment, on the other hand, are a different story. Treatment-related toxicity is a significant issue because cancer spreads to healthy cells and organs in close proximity. The use of radionics in therapy control strategies has been studied in a number of research features extracted from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or dosimetric features collected by 3D dose distributions (DD). Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are being used to investigate the toxicity of organs in danger. Image processing, treatment planning, treatment delivery, and post-therapy follow-up are all feasible with a deep learning model. As well as by optimising Using convolution filters during the training stage, a deep learning-based prediction model may discover and fine-tune variables for particular categorization issues. The potential of a deep learning-based estimate technique to reduce the radiation treatment hazard rate is a significant benefit. Furthermore, using convolution methods, the attributes may be obtained automatically (CNN). The objective of this study is to create and test a 3D CNN-based toxicity prediction model. CT images, radiation treatment DD, and contours will be used to extract low and large temporal spatial features utilising (3D) filters, especially in low and large temporal spatial characteristics. The comparative test will demonstrate that the planned model is capable of forecasting OAR toxicity properly. Research into more specific criteria for places that are closely connected to OAR Toxicity might improve the model even further.Item Fabrication and Characterization of TiO2/ZnO based Flexible Composite Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells(2021) Ayesha Yasin; CIIT/SP19-RPH-036/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar Hussain; LHR TP 7252Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered as cost-effective photovoltaic devices due to their simple fabrication techniques. In this project, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were deposited on the Lignocelluloses (LC) fiber based flexible substrate. To begin, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the microwave assisted approach. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of TiO2 and ZnO, while the atomic force microscope was used to examine the 3D profile and roughness (AFM). X-ray diffraction (X-Rays) analysis was used to examine the crystallinity and structure analysis of produced TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure optical absorption. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated on the deposited ZnO/TiO2/LC (the working electrode)Item Synthesis and Characterization of Al Doped ZnO Nanorods by Hydrothermal Method for DSSC Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) MUHAMMAD USMAN AFZAL; CIIT/SP19-RPH-027/LHR; Dr. Saif Ur Rehman; LHR TP 7243In the forthcoming times solar energy is viewed as a key participant among all environmentally friendly energy sources. As the sun is providing energy continuously, the scientific community is looking for cost effective, environmentally friendly and highly efficient methods distribute and store solar energy. In this thesis, ZnO nanorods (NRs) and Al doped ZnO (AZO) NRs (different concentration of Al) are synthesized using hydrothermal method. Photo electrodes are fabricated using undoped ZnO NRs, 2% and 4% Al dopped ZnO NRs using hydrothermal method on seed layer precoated with ZnO using dip-coating method for undoped ZnO NRs 2% and 4 % Al-doped ZnO NRs on FTO glass substrate. Prepared samples were characterized using different techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM analysis showed increase in diameter and length along with increase in spacing between ZnO NRs due to Al doping. The diameter of the NRs vairy from 20 nm to 250 nm and their lengths were increased from 300 nm to 2 micron was observed. For undoped ZnO NRs the average diameter is approximately 30 nm and average length was 300 nm. For 2% Al-doped ZnO NRs the approximate diameter is 100 nm with average length of NRs is of 1 micron and for 4% Al-doped ZnO NRs the diameter of the NRs appears to be ~250 nm having average length of 2 micron. UV-Vis reveal the absorption spectrum for Undoped, 2% Al-doped and 4% Al-doped ZnO NRs. The results reveal that the 4% Al-doped ZnO NRs show maximum absorption and minimum transmission having least bandgap of 3.03 eV calculated using Tauc plot. Moreover, photovoltaic performance was investigated using J-V curves. For undoped ZnO NRs based DSSC produce short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 2.0139 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.709 V, fill-factor (FF) of 0.5497 and power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.78% while for 2% AZO NRs based DSSC produce J_scof 2.6357 mA/cm2, V_oc of 0.736 V, FF of 0.5565 and efficiency of 1.07% and 4% AZO NRs based DSSC produce J_sc of 2.837 mA/cm2, V_ocof 0.723 V, FF of 0.574 and efficiency of 1.17%. Results indicate that power conversion efficiency is maximum for 4% Al-doped ZnO NRs due to larger spacing between prepared NRs. J-V curve show max efficiency of 1.17% for 4% Al-doped ZnO.Item Study of Black Body Radiation in Astrophysical Plasma Environments(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Waqar Ahmed; CIIT/SP19-RPH-026/LHR; Dr. Zahida Ehsan; LHR TP 7232Black body radiation in a plasma is altered due to cut off frequency which highly depends upon the plasma density. Mass energy of the photon in plasma indeed the chemical potential. As 2 2 m c h p T T if 0 we recover the Stefan Boltzmann law from total kinetic energy equation form equation of Black body radiation in plasma, however in plasma is different from form zero. The value of chemical potential may be now positive. Kinetic energy of the plasma body radiation exceeds the one given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law; the larger the value of, the larger this excess, which, when is larger than unity become much, larger in vacuum. In plasmas the total all Thermodynamical parameter are altered drastically form vacuum, like total photon energy, total kinetic energy, the total number of photon, free energy, entropy and pressure, changes in all these Thermodynamical parameters are discussed here and changes are expressedItem Can a Photon be Absorbed by Two Atoms? A Study into Strong Coupling Regime(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) FARAH RASHEED; CIIT/SP19-RPH-014/LHR; Dr. Faheel Ather Hashmi; LHR TP 7234In this thesis we reproduce the results claimed in the article PRL 117, 043601 (2016) titled “One Photon Can Simultaneously Excite Two or More Atoms”. The claim is very counter-intuitive and needs proper understanding. We present our understanding in this work. The work deals with ultra strong light matter interaction and superconductor quantum circuits. We review these in the thesis and justify the Hamiltonian given in the paper. We next numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian to reproduce the eigenvalues plotted in the paper. There is a little discrepancy in the corresponding eigenvectors reported in the paper and in our work. Future work on the project can resolve the discrepancy. Finally, we work out the time evolution equations of the system.Item Synthesis and Simulation study of Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanomaterial for Electron Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) JUNAID ASLAM; CIIT/SP19-RPH-035/LHR; Dr. Shahzada Qamar; LHR TP 7251Titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials were synthesized by utilizing the sol-gel process in this research. Due to the wide bandgap and low work function, TiO2 would easily replace the n-doped amorphous silicon (a-Si:H (n)) layer in commercial Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Iso-Propanol Alcohol was used as sol while the Titanium Tetra Iso Propoxides was used as a gel. The TiO2 gel was formed and then dried for 2 hours at 300oC to obtain the powder form. After that, the TiO2 powder was dried for 3 hours in a furnace to obtain TiO2 nanomaterials. The TiO2powder was deposited on silicon and, glass substrate using the spin-coating process after successful production. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to study the surface morphology and the structure of TiO2nanomaterials.Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the roughness and, 3D profile, while absorption of the TiO2 based nanomaterials will be measured using a UV-Vs spectrophotometer. The AFORS-HET simulator was used to simulate electron carrier selective contact (CSC) solar cells for a complete photovoltaic device for various TiO2 thicknesses and, work functions.Item Fabrication and synthesis of Graphene Based Material through Microwave Assisted Method(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Ihsan Abbas; SP19-RPH -013; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 7235Graphene nanoparticles have been used at industrial level, coating and drug delivery. Due to quick response time it is used for solar panels. Presently, energy dearth around the globe arises as a paramount subject to be solved. The rapid demand of energy consumption leads the research direction towards development of highly functional energy devices along with ease of utility. Also the choice of high efficiency materials becomes a crucial counterpart analogue to other factors of device fabrication in energy applications. Modern industries are striving to achieve highly effective, in this study, Graphene sheets were prepared by microwave assisted method with variation in stirring time. The prepared material was characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman and CV.Item Synthesis of Fe doped MnO2 Nanoparticles Via Hydrothermal Approach and its Photocatalytic Activity(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Ansar Mahmood Hashmi; SP19-RPH-031; Dr. Akbar Ali; LHR TP 7248Iron doped Manganese Oxide was synthesized by using hydrothermal method. Then the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The grain size was calculated by XRD was about 8.34 nm. SEM can be used to view the particle and its size, which confirms the size of particle estimated by the XRD. Through FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy), we obtain three peaks. One of the peaks appear at 1080 cm-1 and this peak is more intense than the others. The Manganese oxide stretching mode can be assigned to the strong absorption band at 1080 cm-1, confirming the presence of manganese oxide bond within MnO2 structure. This is due to the vibration of the bond between oxygen and metal atom. UV visible show the band gap of particle between 1.75-2.15 eV. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles was studied by conducting the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the visible light. 86% of MB was degraded in 140 min using Manganese Oxide. 86% was degraded in 30 min using iron doped manganese oxide under visible light using 10 mg of the catalyst in 5ppm MB solution. The result attests to low cost, reusable and high efficiency photocatalyst for environmental remediation.
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