M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/60
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item Design of Silver Nanoprobe to Construct Sandwich Immunosensor for Early Diagnosis of Dengue Biomarker(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Maryam Awan; CIIT/SP18-RPH-001/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 6068Dengue, a viral disease caused by a Flavivirus belonging to family Flaviviridae, is a serious threat to human health in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Life-threatening diseases can be caused in human by these parasites and viruses. According to an estimation, Mosquitos transmit diseases to more than seven hundred million people per year. There has been many efforts to control mosquito borne diseases but these disease are still being flourished and are a major concern around the world. For example, Malaria, stays a major reason for deaths particularly amongst infants and children. According to a report, about 1 million deaths and 300-500 million cases of infection are due to malaria. Herein, an antibody functionalized silver-nanoparticle (Ab-Ag NPs) is designed as trace tag for simple, fast, highly sensitive and selective detection of dengue biomarker NS1 using a sandwich type immunosensor. After interacting with capture antibodies modified pencil graphite electrode in the presence of NS1, AbAgNPs can be immobilized on electrode surface via hydrogen-bonding interactions between NS1 and antibody. Well defined and sharp electrochemical signal by the oxidation of Ag NPs present on the detection dengue NS1 antibody is translated into specific detection of NS1. A proportional increase in the faradic current for the oxidation of silver is observed by increasing concentration of analyte NS1. A wide linear range of 3-300 ng/mL with limit of detection 0.5 ng/mL is achieved. The specificity studies evaluating possible interference with analog analytes have been carried out. The NS1 detection experiments are also extended to human serum samples. The designed sandwich type immunosensor strategy with extra-ordinary selectivity and sensitivity may find potential in clinical applications in rapid and early detection of dengue virus. After the formation of samples, different characterization techniques have been used to study their morphological, electrical and structural properties. The detailed information about structure and surface morphology of samples was determined using X-ray fraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by doing xi electrochemical analysis such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).Item Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Oxides and Natural Fiber-Based Paper Electrodes for Potential Applications in Supercapacitors and Batteries(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Sajjad; CIIT/SP18-RPH-009/LHR; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 6072With this thesis finished all is in place for me to graduate, and thus I would like use the occasion to briefly thank some of the people who have helped me to reach this point. All praise and thanks are due to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, WHO in his infinite mercy and Grace gave me the opportunity to pursue my study on “Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Oxides and Natural Fiber-Based Paper Electrodes for Potential Applications in Supercapacitors and Batteries”. Glory and Praise to our last prophet HAZARAT MUHAMMAD (Peace Be Upon Him), WHO is forever a symbol of direction and knowledge for whole humanity. First of all I would like to thank my thesis advisor Dr. Ishrat Sultana. It has been great working with her in the final year of the M.phil program in Department of Physics (COMSATS University, Lahore campus), and I have learned a lot from her. I am still amazed by the knowledge that he possesses from all different areas of Physics. I thanked her for all of his patience and guidance. Moreover I am very grateful to my co supervisor Dr. Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haq and Dr. Aamir Razaq for their mentorship and the invaluable advice on academic life in general that he has given me. For someone like me, who is just about to enter the academic world, such insightful perspectives can be more valuable than any knowledge found in books or heard in lectures. I would also like to convey my deepest appreciation to my parents and to my brothers. For making me who I am and frequently reminding me of what truly is valuable in life. With their endless support and encouragement, I have been able to achieve so much more than possibly thought. Finally, I would like to extend my appreciation to all lecturers of M.Phil and to all my friends who have been very helpful throughout my study here.Item Electrodeposition of Au/Ni Layers on Tin Sulfide based Energy Storage Paper Electrodes for Improvement of Electrically Conductive Properties(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Hina Urooj; CIIT/SP18-RPH-007/LHR; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 6071This research seek to have an unconventional and alternative source for bendable and flexible energy storage devices, which has proved useful to meet the demand of today’s energy crises. It is very beneficial to use natural self-growing plant’s lignocelluloses, which are very sufficient on earth and convert them in the form of paper-based electrodes. In this research, Lignocelluloses were obtain from natural source Monochoria vaginalis (MV). Six samples were prepared for electrodes of energy storage applications. LC/SnS2/Au, LC/SnS2/Ni using single layer electrodeposition technique. Before using these samples in energy storage devices as an electrode material we characterized These for Electrodeposition, Scanning Electron Microscope. Electrodeposition of Metallic layers are deposited on LC/SnS2 sheet by using three electrode setups. The SEM analysis displayed the fine fiber structure engage with each other displaying high mechanical properties with powerful electrodeposited layers of Au and Ni. In these samples nanoparticles of nickel and gold are clearly visible with uniform electrodeposition.Item Evaluation of Electrochemical Performance and Polarization Losses of Proton-Conducting Electrolytes(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) AMEER HAMZA; CIIT/SP18-RPH-013/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad; LHR TP 6074The world is expected to face the crises of energy in near future and to overcome these crises fuel cells can play a vital role. The fuel cell is the one of the promising renewable energy sources as compared to other sources. We obtained electrical energy from chemical energy through electrochemical process. Now a day the research is about to achieve the structural improvement along high efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) at intermediate temperature. These cells have become the favorable energy source due to their inherent simplicity, low noise and insignificant pollutant emission and have efficiency greater than 50% in converting fuel to electricity through electrochemical reaction. There are three main parts of SOFC cathode, electrolyte and anode. Mainly these type of materials are selected for electrolyte. In this research work perovskite materials are used for electrolyte materials and investigate their effect on SOFC. The powders of BaCe0.7Y0.2Zr0.1O3-δ (BCYZ), as electrolyte material for SOFC were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. These samples are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques were used to study their structure, crystalline size, microstructure, composition, functional group and morphology. With the help of these techniques we observed the effects and behavior of BCYZ. From XRD analysis it confirms crystalline size of the material. From SEM analysis pores are reduce and grain sizes increases. The bonds of hydroxyl groups and metal oxides are confirmed through FTIR analysis.Item Fabrication and Characterization of High Surface Area/Nanostructured Metal Based Composites for Energy Storage Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Ahmar Chohan; CIIT/SP18-RPH-006 /LHR; Dr. Ishrat Sultana; LHR TP 6070Novelty in energy storage and energy conversion devices have been received subjected of great interest as an alternative energy source in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanostructure materials have a lot of potential in energy storages application due to their dimensions which plays a vital rule in defining the properties of nonmaterial. We have many materials for energy storage applications, amongst many of the materials manganese dioxide (MnO2) is very suitable medium for supercapacitors and electrodes. In this thesis we have fabricated MnO2 nanostructure as an electrode material for energy storage and energy conversion devices by employed Microwave Assisted Method with freedom of template fee synthesis. Amongst many of the metal oxides, MnO2 exhibit a lot of interesting characteristics, for instance inexpensive, eco-friendly, and a high specific capacitance (1370 F g−1), propose it as the most favorable electrode medium for supercapacitors. Presented thesis is an attempt to enhance the specific capacitance and high surface area of MnO2 composites for their potential applications as energy storage devices.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel and Lignocellulose Fiber Based Flexible Composites for Energy Storage Applications(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) ASAD FAROOQ; CIIT/SP18-RPH-010/LHR; Dr. Yasir Rafique; LHR TP 6073Nickel excessively used for energy storage applications due to wide potential, transparency and thermal stability. Several methods are reported for fabrication of Ninanostructures e.g. electro spinning, chemical vapour deposition process, self-assembly, a homogeneous precipitation method, thermal decomposition and hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal method is advantageous due to low cost, template free, environment friendly and low temperature. In this study, Ni is fabricated via hydrothermal method and furthermore composites with lignocelluloses fiber are synthesized for development of electrochemically efficient and flexible for energy storage. X-Ray diffraction and Cyclic Voltammetry measurements of fabricated composites were employed to characterize the morphology and electrochemical characteristics. XRD measurements confirm the fabrication of Ni. Cyclic Volatmmetry confirm the electrochemical kinetics of fabricated composites which are highly feasible for supercapacitors and batteries.Item Decay Rates of Higgs in the Standard Model of Particle Physics through Various Channels(2020) Nida Muzammil; CIIT/SP18-RPH-016/LHR; Dr. Shabana Nisar; LHR TP 6356This thesis consists of the study of the Higgs Bosons and its decay rates through various channels in the theoretical frame-work of the Standard Model in particle physics. Higgs Boson is the cornerstone of the whole theoretical edifice that explains all the phenomena in particle physics. Therefore, understanding its appearance in the particle physics experiments i.e., it‘s decay rates, is of utmost importance. Higgs Boson appears as an excitation of the Higgs field which is the reason for the electroweak symmetry breaking in the standard model. We study the electroweak gauge symmetry structure of the standard model which relies on a SU (3) x SU (2) x U (1) gauge group and then study its symmetry breaking structure. This gives rise to massive W and Z bosons and a massive Higgs field which primarily decays into them. We use the Feynman diagrams of the resultant quantum field theory to calculate these decay rates.