M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/60
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item Computerized Medical Image Analysis for Optimization of Cancer(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Zulqarnain Nazir; CIIT/FA23-RPH-041/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 10116The medical imaging has a significant role in the diagnosis and management of cancer, but the images produced by medical imaging modalities like MRI and CT usually contain noise, low contrast, and visual artifacts. These artifacts may conceal valuable tumor data and complicate the correct interpretation of clinicians. This thesis is aimed at enhancing medical image quality by means of computerized analysis of images so as to aid in enhancing the evaluation of cancers. Images of different patients acquired by MRI and CT were utilized in standard DICOM format in this study. Ten image enhancement procedures have been used in this study including sharpening, noise reduction, edge retention, contrast enhancement and visualization in three dimensions. The tools that were utilized to complete the analysis were RadiAnt DICOM Viewer and 3D Slicer, which provided the visualization options of the images, multiplanar reconstruction, tumor segmentation, and quantitative analysis. The results shows that image clarity and contrast and noise reduction are greatly enhanced by the use of appropriate enhancement methods. These enhancements contribute to the better visualization of tumor borders and the adjacent organs, resulting in more accurate segmentation and analysis. The improved quality of images also means that repeat scans can be reduced hence the cost and patient exposure can be minimized. On the whole, this study indicates that computerized medical image analysis may be used as a quality tool in streamlining the cancer imaging process and assisting in better diagnosis and treatment planning.Item MIP based Electrochemical Identification of Rutin using Lead Pencil as An Electrode Source.(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Zahra Munir; CIIT/SP22-RPH-013/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 9999In response to the increasing demand for rapid and user-friendly procedures in research laboratories and hospitals, this study introduces a novel and direct electropolymerization method for monitoring Rutin in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations. A molecularly imprinted pencil graphite electrode was employed, and electropolymerized in situ to create a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) network. The electropolymerization process involved Rutin as the template, pyrrole as the monomer, and SnS2/rGO. Experimental parameters were fine-tuned using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) to optimize MIP efficacy. DPV investigations demonstrated a proportional increase in the peak oxidation signal with decreasing Rutin concentrations, showcasing the sensitivity of the developed method. Rutin concentrations ranging from 0.05nM to 100 µM could be accurately measured, boasting an impressive low detection limit of 0.01 nM. The proposed sensor exhibited exceptional detection capabilities in biological samples spiked with Rutin, highlighting acceptable recovery rates. This innovative electrochemical approach, combining molecular imprinting with electropolymerization, not only offers a sensitive and selective method for Rutin detection but also presents a versatile platform for monitoring other bioactive compounds. The simplicity, efficiency, and low detection limit make it a promising tool for routine analysis in diverse healthcare and pharmaceutical applications.Item Development of Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Enriched Breast Phantom for Optimization of Radiation in Cancer Therapy(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) NISAR AHMAD; CIIT/FA23-RPH-032/LHR; Dr. Naima Amin; LHR TP 9858In this study, a multi-layered breast tumor phantom was successfully developed to closely mimic the anatomical and radiological properties of real breast tissues, aiming to enhance the precision and effectiveness of radiotherapy. Four distinct tissue-mimicking layers: skin, fat, lobule and tumor were synthesized using optimized gelatin-based hydrogels, incorporating additives such as NaCl, PVA, glycerin, agar, ethanol, and PEG to replicate tissue-specific characteristics. Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method and characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS, and zeta potential analyses, confirming their crystalline structure, morphology, and colloidal stability. Two embedding strategies: premixing and direct injection were employed to incorporate nanoparticles into the tumor layer. The phantoms were irradiated using a 6 MeV photon beam from a linear accelerator (LINAC) with a total dose of 40 Gy. Post-irradiation evaluation using CT and MRI imaging demonstrated a clear contrast at the tumor site; CT scans showed variations in Hounsfield Units indicating localized attenuation, while MRI revealed signal suppression in nanoparticle-loaded regions. The successful fabrication and imaging results confirm that the developed breast phantom not only simulates real breast tissue but also serves as a reliable model for evaluating nanoparticle-based radiation dose enhancement in cancer therapy.